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1 catenin-sensitive promoter, and formation of primitive endoderm.
2 -terminal kinase as well as the formation of primitive endoderm.
3 uires a signal(s) secreted from the adjacent primitive endoderm.
4  inducing these embryonal carcinoma cells to primitive endoderm.
5 diating differentiation of P19 stem cells to primitive endoderm.
6 inase C, MAP kinase, and cell progression to primitive endoderm.
7 ontrol of phospholipase C and progression to primitive endoderm.
8 ein kinase C, MAP kinase, and progression to primitive endoderm.
9 l differentiation of their trophectoderm and primitive endoderm.
10 ively block morphogen-induced progression to primitive endoderm.
11 three lineages: trophectoderm, epiblast, and primitive endoderm.
12 ress markers of alternative fates, including primitive endoderm.
13 es that fail to cavitate or to form a proper primitive endoderm.
14 profile characteristic of either epiblast or primitive endoderm.
15 oliferation as well as a conspicuous lack of primitive endoderm.
16 se genes determines whether the cells become primitive endoderm.
17 ng of the second extra-embryonic tissue, the primitive endoderm.
18 divisions are strongly biased toward forming primitive endoderm.
19  and two extraembryonic, the trophoblast and primitive endoderm.
20 in the subset of ICM cells that comprise the primitive endoderm.
21 s ES cells to selectively differentiate into primitive endoderm.
22 repression upon ES cell differentiation into primitive endoderm.
23 NK cascade, thereby stimulating formation of primitive endoderm.
24 ause F9 embryonic teratocarcinoma cells form primitive endoderm after stable transfection of Frizzled
25 ntil implantation when it is detected in the primitive endoderm - an extra-embryonic lineage.
26 future body, whereas others develop into the primitive endoderm, an extraembryonic tissue.
27 adenylylcyclase but abolished progression to primitive endoderm and activation of phospholipase C.
28            We show that interactions between primitive endoderm and adjacent embryonic ectoderm or na
29  cell mass (ICM), later differentiating into primitive endoderm and epiblast during blastocyst format
30 ass, the latter of which differentiates into primitive endoderm and epiblast.
31 because they are incapable of giving rise to primitive endoderm and have a high propensity for neural
32 le only Fgf4-/- ESC-injected embryos reduced primitive endoderm and increased trophectoderm, indicati
33 se in expression causes differentiation into primitive endoderm and mesoderm.
34 bryo, and surrounding it the extra-embryonic primitive endoderm and the trophectoderm tissues.
35  of blastocysts' extraembryonic lineages-the primitive endoderm and the trophectoderm-to coexist.
36 e embryogenesis GATA-4 is expressed first in primitive endoderm and then in definitive endoderm deriv
37 fically, miR-93 localizes to differentiating primitive endoderm and trophectoderm of the blastocyst.
38  transcriptional signatures of the epiblast, primitive endoderm and trophectoderm, and identify deepl
39 evelopment of both extra-embryonic lineages, primitive endoderm and trophectoderm, but not the embryo
40 e distinct populations: the inner cell mass, primitive endoderm and trophectoderm.
41 l lineages in the blastocyst: trophectoderm, primitive endoderm, and epiblast.
42  cells) and pre-implantation embryos towards primitive endoderm, and inhibiting ERK supports ES cell
43                                The epiblast, primitive endoderm, and trophectoderm (TE) of ST blastoc
44 further confirmed the presence of epiblast-, primitive endoderm-, and trophectoderm-like cells.
45                                          The primitive endoderm arises from the inner cell mass durin
46 scription factor Nanog and the expression of primitive endoderm-associated genes Gata6, Gata4, Sox17
47    Dab2 expression was first observed in the primitive endoderm at E4.5, immediately following implan
48 unmanipulated embryos until the epiblast and primitive endoderm became distinct.
49 , recapitulating the sorting of epiblast and primitive endoderm before implantation.
50 nown to be required for specification of the primitive endoderm, but its role in polarisation of this
51 as also required for the displacement of the primitive endoderm by definitive endoderm.
52                    Interestingly, functional primitive endoderm can be rescued in Oct4-deficient embr
53 or caused a loss of expression of markers of primitive endoderm cell fate and maintenance of the plur
54 ised epithelial cells and express markers of primitive endoderm cell fate.
55 ecline both in trophectoderm and in epiblast/primitive endoderm cell numbers.
56                                          The primitive endoderm cells and the derived parietal and vi
57 ta1 integrin-null blastocysts and found that primitive endoderm cells are present but segregate away
58                                              Primitive endoderm cells displayed higher overall levels
59  embryos deficient of Disabled-2 (Dab2), the primitive endoderm cells lose the ability to position on
60 is abundantly expressed in trophectoderm and primitive endoderm cells of human blastocyst-stage embry
61                         This data shows that primitive endoderm cells of the outer layer of embryoid
62 blastocyst comprises epiblast progenitor and primitive endoderm cells of which cognate embryonic (mES
63 eta1 integrin-null embryoid bodies, in which primitive endoderm cells segregated and appeared as mini
64 a cells undergo differentiation to embryonic primitive endoderm cells, accompanied by a reduction in
65                         The formation of the primitive endoderm covering the inner cell mass of early
66 nomously required for the differentiation of primitive endoderm derivatives, as long as an appropriat
67           Here, we investigate a key step in primitive endoderm development, the acquisition of apico
68 show distinct embryonic-abembryonic axes and primitive endoderm differentiation and can initiate the
69 eratocarcinoma cells, a model of epiblast-to-primitive endoderm differentiation, confirmed the epibla
70         Furthermore, sodium vanadate induced primitive endoderm differentiation, even in the inner ce
71 rly activity in the blastocyst is to support primitive endoderm differentiation.
72 t into ES cells induced Nanog repression and primitive endoderm differentiation.
73 estigate the function of this pathway in the primitive endoderm, embryoid bodies were cultured in the
74 n kinase C, MAP kinase and no progression to primitive endoderm, even in the presence of retinoic aci
75 chimeric embryos composed of nodal-deficient primitive endoderm fail to develop rostral neural struct
76 exclusive upon establishment of epiblast and primitive endoderm fates, respectively.
77 gnaling and show that exogenous FGF4 rescues primitive endoderm formation and trophectoderm prolifera
78        We show that loss of Etv5 compromises primitive endoderm formation at pre-implantation stages.
79 ty of the morphogen retinoic acid to promote primitive endoderm formation from mouse P19 embryonal ca
80 noic acid to induce either JNK activation or primitive endoderm formation in P19 stem cells.
81 in-sensitive transcription, and promotion of primitive endoderm formation in response to Wnt3a.
82 gnal linkage map from Galpha13 activation to primitive endoderm formation in these stem cells require
83 her Xenopus Wnt-5a or Wnt-8 was used to test primitive endoderm formation of F9 stem cells.
84                                              Primitive endoderm formation stimulated by Wnt-8 acting
85                       The overall pathway to primitive endoderm formation was shown to be inhibited b
86 ation of Lef-Tcf-sensitive transcription and primitive endoderm formation.
87 role in the retinoic acid-induced pathway to primitive endoderm formation.
88 sed to investigate the signaling upstream of primitive endoderm formation.
89 ed signaling from Q226L Galpha13 to JNK1 and primitive endoderm formation.
90 the second lineage segregation, particularly primitive endoderm formation.
91 ic G-protein G(13) mediates the formation of primitive endoderm from mouse P19 embryonal carcinoma ce
92 age decision that generates the epiblast and primitive endoderm from the inner cell mass (ICM) is a p
93 ultures, including CXCR4(+) cells, expressed primitive endoderm genes.
94                     Strikingly, as seen with primitive endoderm, Ihh can respecify prospective neural
95 a2/FOXA2, which we show is restricted to the primitive endoderm in both human and mouse embryos.
96 ogen retinoic acid promotes the formation of primitive endoderm in mouse F9 teratocarcinoma cells as
97                             The formation of primitive endoderm in response to retinoic acid also cou
98 Tcf-sensitive transcription and formation of primitive endoderm in response to the morphogen.
99                     Blocking Ihh function in primitive endoderm inhibits activation of hematopoiesis
100 tic specification to position the liver, and primitive endoderm is competent to form liver on both si
101                              We propose that primitive endoderm is responsible for the initial induct
102 Fbeta-related growth factor expressed in the primitive endoderm, is critical for patterning of the an
103                           Sox17, a marker of primitive endoderm, is not detected following prolonged
104 ates detached from the core spheroids, and a primitive endoderm layer failed to form on the surface.
105                         The formation of the primitive endoderm layer on the surface of the inner cel
106 ually polarise, and formation of a polarised primitive endoderm layer requires the Fgf receptor/Erk s
107 egrin is essential for the attachment of the primitive endoderm layer to the epiblast during the form
108 yer is responsible for the failure to form a primitive endoderm layer.
109 f-renewal, and promotes differentiation into primitive endoderm-like cells under normal feeder-free c
110 cell mass-like structure, with epiblast- and primitive endoderm-like cells, a blastocoel-like cavity
111 the future embryo, but instead belong to the primitive endoderm lineage and will be displaced by defi
112 ficient for differentiation of the essential primitive endoderm lineage from embryonic stem cells.
113 a proximodistal asymmetry established in the primitive endoderm lineage.
114 ied in silico precursors of the epiblast and primitive endoderm lineages and revealed a role for MCRS
115 ribute to the extraembryonic trophoblast and primitive endoderm lineages but are excluded from the ep
116 show that a consistent ratio of epiblast and primitive endoderm lineages is achieved through incremen
117 rmation and specification of epiblast versus primitive endoderm lineages using conditional genetic de
118  of parthenogenesis on the trophectoderm and primitive endoderm lineages.
119                               Also, GATA4, a primitive endoderm marker, was expressed by these cells.
120 RhoA mutant was able to promote formation of primitive endoderm, mimicking expression of the constitu
121 yonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells resemble the primitive endoderm of the blastocyst, which normally giv
122            Initially Hex is expressed in the primitive endoderm of the implanting blastocyst but by 5
123 epiblast whereas Cryptic is expressed in the primitive endoderm of the late blastocyst and the viscer
124 e Pgk-Pem ES cells do not differentiate into primitive endoderm or embryonic ectoderm, which are prom
125 , apparently in response to signals from the primitive endoderm or the extraembryonic mesoderm [1,2].
126 urface of cell aggregates and fail to form a primitive endoderm outer layer in the embryoid bodies.
127 pecification of the inner cell mass (ICM) to primitive endoderm (PE) and epiblast (EPI).
128 ls of the inner cell mass (ICM) develop into primitive endoderm (PE) at the surface, while deeper cel
129    The segregation of the epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PE) cell types in the preimplantatio
130 he inner cell mass (ICM), and for repressing primitive endoderm (PE) development.
131 e from outer trophectoderm (TE) and internal primitive endoderm (PE) in the blastocyst and subsequent
132 ll mass (ICM), followed by epiblast (EPI) or primitive endoderm (PE) specification within the ICM.
133 ct4 is first required for development of the primitive endoderm (PE), an extraembryonic lineage.
134 , which will form the new organism, from the primitive endoderm (PE), which will form the yolk sac, i
135                                          The primitive endoderm (PE)-associated transcription factor
136 ell mass (ICM), and later epiblast (Epi) and primitive endoderm (PE).
137  gene down-regulation and differentiation to primitive endoderm (PE); however, the underlying mechani
138 pression of Gsalpha provokes, progression to primitive endoderm, permitting identification of the eff
139 evealed hPFCs share hallmark properties with primitive endoderm (PrE) and can be regulated by non-can
140 re-implantation development, extra-embryonic primitive endoderm (PrE) and pluripotent epiblast precur
141                                 Cells of the primitive endoderm (PrE) and the pluripotent epiblast (E
142  decision between the epiblast (Epi) and the primitive endoderm (PrE) fate that occurs in the mammali
143 by-stage analysis of EPI and extra-embryonic primitive endoderm (PrE) formation during preimplantatio
144 ouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) towards the Primitive Endoderm (PrE) lineage.
145  emergence of pluripotent epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PrE) lineages within the inner cell
146  are critical to specify the epiblast versus primitive endoderm (PrE) lineages.
147                 Since VE is derived from the primitive endoderm (PrE) of the blastocyst, and PrE-deri
148 ) is the key signal driving specification of primitive endoderm (PrE) versus pluripotent epiblast (EP
149  into morulae segregate into epiblast (EPI), primitive endoderm (PrE), and trophectoderm (TE) fates i
150 entiate into the pluripotent epiblast or the primitive endoderm (PrE), marked by the transcription fa
151 he ICM into either the epiblast (Epi) or the primitive endoderm (PrE), respectively.
152 EPI), which forms the embryo proper, and the primitive endoderm (PrE), which forms extra-embryonic yo
153 the inner cell mass and the formation of the primitive endoderm (PrE).
154  (ICM) can be specified in epiblast (Epi) or primitive endoderm (PrE).
155  comprising two lineages: epiblast (Epi) and primitive endoderm (PrE).
156 ophectoderm (TE), the epiblast (Epi) and the primitive endoderm (PrE).
157 wo extra-embryonic lineages: trophoblast and primitive endoderm (PrE).
158 lineages: the pluripotent epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PrE).
159 he extraembryonic trophectoderm (TE) and the primitive endoderm (PrE).
160  the mammalian inner cell mass, in which the primitive endoderm (PrE, founder of the yolk sac) physic
161 contain precursors of the epiblast (Epi) and primitive endoderm (PrEn) lineages.
162  embryoid bodies with elevated levels of the primitive endoderm progenitor marker Gata4 and a strongl
163  is established by interaction with anterior primitive endoderm rather than primitive streak derivati
164  We now show that Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is a primitive endoderm-secreted signal that alone is suffici
165                                   Therefore, primitive endoderm signaling is a critical early determi
166                                Surprisingly, primitive endoderm signals can respecify anterior (prosp
167 ven by position-governed polarisation, while primitive endoderm specification is positively regulated
168  lethality due to the disorganization of the primitive endoderm, the first epithelium in early embryo
169 of Cdkn1a (p21) and Cdkn1c (p57), and in the primitive endoderm, they prevent differentiation by main
170 genetically, whereas their trophectoderm and primitive endoderm tissues were derived from the tetrapl
171 nalysis revealed development trajectories of primitive endoderm, trophectoderm, epiblast lineages, an
172 t are derived from the trophectoderm and the primitive endoderm upon reintroduction to the blastocyst
173 F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells to progress to primitive endoderm via activation of protein kinase C an
174 ve transcription as well as the formation of primitive endoderm was accompanied by the stabilization
175                       Expression of Cxcr4 in primitive endoderm was confirmed in visceral endoderm of
176 onic teratocarcinoma stem (F9 stem) cells to primitive endoderm was explored using probes of the mito
177 eversibly progress from pluripotency towards primitive endoderm while retaining their capacity to re-

 
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