ライフサイエンスコーパス: promastigote

1 th endoperoxide- and tetrahydropyran-treated promastigotes.

2 d metacyclic promastigotes than in procyclic promastigotes.

3 ll TOR1 or TOR2 mutants in cultured L. major promastigotes.

4 connection with MSP functions in leishmanial promastigotes.

5 calized to the plasma membrane of Leishmania promastigotes.

6 ssential nutritional pathway for L. donovani promastigotes.

7 ionary phase compared with logarithmic phase promastigotes.

8 he ear with live Leishmania major metacyclic promastigotes.

9 e activity during their growth in vitro than promastigotes.

10 owth arrest as axenic amastigotes but not as promastigotes.

11 (Mphis), although it activated Mphis to kill promastigotes.

12 HSP70 prior to challenge with L. amazonensis promastigotes.

13 the inoculation of high numbers of L. major promastigotes.

14 (55.9 +/- 5.6 mm) were detected in L. major promastigotes.

15 t is constitutively expressed in L. donovani promastigotes.

16 produce O2-during phagocytosis of opsonized promastigotes.

17 -beta than mice immunized with a low dose of promastigotes.

18 y with LACK DNA and challenged with L. major promastigotes.

19 ovani are not required for the growth of the promastigotes.

20 gocytosis of complement-opsonized metacyclic promastigotes.

21 cyclic promastigotes to infective metacyclic promastigotes.

22 zing the differences between amastigotes and promastigotes.

23 the surface of early stationary growth phase promastigotes.

24 antum while no activity was observed against promastigotes.

25 like protein (MLP), from virulent metacyclic promastigotes.

26 l microscopy analysis applied to L. infantum promastigotes.

27 LIT1-null promastigotes accumulated superoxide radicals and initia

28 cking macrophage Mac-1 diminishes metacyclic promastigote adhesion to a greater extent than does bloc

29 a dramatic decrease in complement-dependent promastigote adhesion, relative to normal monocytes.

30 and TSA (AgDNA), or with autoclaved L. major promastigotes (ALM) plus rIL-12, and the mice were chall

31 g the subcellular localization of LmPRL-1 in promastigotes, amastigotes, and infected macrophages, we

32 was constitutively released/secreted by both promastigote and amastigote developmental forms of this

33 This study showed that both promastigote and amastigote forms of Sb(R)LD, but not th

34 Both promastigote and amastigote forms of the parasite were f

35 lated Leishmania parasites alternate between promastigote and amastigote forms which differ significa

36 zoan parasite, has been detected in both the promastigote and amastigote stages of the Leishmania lif

37 sect and mammalian developmental forms (i.e. promastigote and amastigotes) of this organism.

38 ablishes that it is essential in L. donovani promastigotes and a potential target for therapeutic val

39 the viability and growth of both L. donovani promastigotes and amastigotes and intimate that pharmaco

40 Leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes expressing LmAQP1 could re

41 Consistent with the different fates of promastigotes and amastigotes in IFN-gamma-stimulated Mp

42 f the Ca2+ stored in L. mexicana amazonensis promastigotes and amastigotes is present in an acidic co

43 we extend these findings and show that both promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania species can

44 Although gcvP(-) promastigotes and amastigotes showed normal virulence in

45 inhibited the growth of Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes, and iron did not play a s

46 activity and IPC were absent in Deltaipcs(-) promastigotes and amastigotes, arguing against an altern

47 ensis enhanced differentiation of metacyclic promastigotes and amastigotes, but the parasites failed

48 udies document different receptors detecting promastigotes and amastigotes, but the relative importan

49 ribed as a approximately 3.1-kb mRNA in both promastigotes and amastigotes, with homologues being det

50 gene is constitutively expressed in L. major promastigotes and amastigotes.

51 o the vertebrate infective forms, metacyclic promastigotes and amastigotes.

52 GK participates in the entry of glycerol in promastigotes and amastigotes; PEPCK participates in the

53 mice with L. amazonensis or Leishmania major promastigotes and assessed the activation of DC subsets

54 Measurement of LmGT2 RNA decay in promastigotes and axenic amastigotes treated with actino

55 ODC-deficient promastigotes and axenic amastigotes were auxotrophic fo

56 Transcription of the LmGT genes in promastigotes and axenically cultured amastigotes occurs

57 Promastigotes and haptomonads multiply by binary divisio

58 be localized to the flagellum of Leishmania promastigotes and in the flagellar pocket membrane and c

59 Both mutants were viable as promastigotes and infected macrophages in vitro and mice

60 in vitro model of phagocytosis of L. chagasi promastigotes and intracellular conversion to amastigote

61 letion of BDF5 show it is essential for both promastigotes and murine infection.

62 Procyclic promastigotes and procyclic LPG were able to bind to san

63 s of active enzyme, which was present in the promastigotes and shed into the extracellular milieu.

64 vani UMPS (LdUMPS) is an essential enzyme in promastigotes and that it is sequestered in the parasite

65 were preinfected with Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and that these activated DCs, in turn, sti

66 te during differentiation both to metacyclic promastigotes and to amastigotes, autophagosomes being p

67 The ability of procyclic promastigotes and, to a much lesser extent, that of meta

68 ly expressed by both the insect vector (i.e. promastigote) and mammalian (i.e. amastigote) life cycle

69 tural transmission: low dose (100 metacyclic promastigotes) and inoculation into a dermal site (the e

70 rate a greater yield of infective metacyclic promastigotes, and have increased virulence.

71 CK participates in the entry of aspartate in promastigotes, and PPDK is involved in the entry of alan

72 ither attenuated L. chagasi or with L. major promastigotes, and s.c. L. chagasi did not protect again

73 include complement receptor 3 (CR3), used by promastigotes, and the Fc receptor (FcR), used by amasti

74 Now we demonstrate that metacyclic L. major promastigotes are poor inducers of IL-12 in vitro in fre

75 f parasitophorous vacuoles (PVs) that harbor promastigotes are positive for the NADPH oxidase complex

76 teresting IC50 values against Leishmania spp promastigotes as well as L. amazonensis and L. infantum

77 o required for the development of metacyclic promastigotes, as SODA/DeltasodA cultures were strongly

78 infection with 107 metacyclic L. amazonensis promastigotes at 4 wk demonstrated protective immunity i

79 on, and a 64-kDa form of gp63 not present in promastigotes became the most prominent form in amastigo

80 h whole-cell lysates of heat-killed L. major promastigotes bound to alum (ALM).

81 ull mutants, which are viable as insect form promastigotes but not as amastigotes, do not take up glu

82 Thus, ARG is essential for proliferation of promastigotes but not intracellular amastigotes.

83 trol L. amazonensis infection established by promastigotes but not L. amazonensis infection establish

84 as localized to specific foci in L. donovani promastigotes by immunofluorescent assays.

85 wn to be actively transcribed by L. donovani promastigotes by reverse transcription (RT) and PCR ampl

86 on of infectious Leishmania major metacyclic promastigotes by sand flies.

87 eishmania chagasi and Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes, by impairing the flagellar pocket and mov

88 developmental maturation of Leishmania major promastigotes can affect their interaction with human co

89 We demonstrate that complement-opsonized promastigotes can bind to both Mac-1 and complement rece

90 Movement within the gut is not random: promastigotes can detect gradients of solutes via chemot

91 Paradoxically, MbetaCD-treated promastigotes caused a higher initial in vitro infection

92 ation of latent TGF-beta with Leishmania sp. promastigotes caused active TGF-beta to be released from

93 and quantitative description of a Leishmania promastigote cell cycle taking a morphometric approach t

94 The only proteins found to bind to ICP in promastigote cell lysates were fully processed forms of

95 es (metacyclic promastigotes), the procyclic promastigotes collected at the logarithmic phase of the

96 5-fold up-regulation of LmGT2 mRNA levels in promastigotes compared with amastigotes must be controll

97 ll size and increased growth as insect stage promastigotes compared with the unsuppressed mutant.

98 Leishmania donovani promastigotes constitutively secrete a glycosylated and

99 Infectious promastigotes contained mRNAs from mspS and mspC genes,

100 APX-null promastigotes could not be generated, and parasites carr

101 to produce IL-12p40 when compared with their promastigote counterparts.

102 al assays are based on soluble antigens from promastigotes cultivated in a protein-free medium.

103 ination of BALB/c mice with Leishmania major promastigote culture filtrate proteins plus Corynebacter

104 Leishmania donovani promastigotes deficient in both LPG and protein-linked p

105 NA increases >>30-fold as Leishmania chagasi promastigotes develop in vitro from a less infectious fo

106 e activity and mRNA level as the transfected promastigotes developed from logarithmic to stationary p

107 Peroxide resistance was also induced as promastigotes developed in culture from logarithmic to t

108 ting competence has been largely confined to promastigotes developing in the sand fly midgut.

109 atory macrophages (Mphi) with amastigotes or promastigotes did not lead to significant changes in sur

110 mNTR-specific as the LmNTR(+/-) heterozygote promastigotes displayed resistance to the most potent mu

111 ory role in cell proliferation of Leishmania promastigotes during normoxia.

112 rance of extracellular (luciferase-positive) promastigotes during the first 24 h after inoculation ye

113 l response was found by use of extracellular promastigotes (ED50=48+/-22 vs. 52+/-29 microgram/mL).

114 confirmed that L. major amastigotes, but not promastigotes, efficiently entered LC-like DC.

115 ic dissection of ARG function in L. mexicana promastigotes establishes: (i) that the enzyme is essent

116 on the parasite surfaces of MbetaCD-treated promastigotes exposed to healthy human serum in vitro, a

117 ctly to soluble FN and laminin (LM) and that promastigotes express a distinct surface protein of appr

118 In this study, we show that Leishmania major promastigotes express a single glycerol-3-phosphate acyl

119 We also show promastigote flagellum growth occurs over multiple cell

120 While the critical role of the promastigote flagellum in parasite biology has long been

121 genetic engineering of promastigotes for cytosolic accumulation of UV-sensitive

122 sibility of using Ags derived from procyclic promastigotes for immunization procedures.

123 s pathway is essential for the growth of the promastigote form of L. donovani in culture, that all ur

124 ipid-anchored proteins on the surface of the promastigote form of most Leishmania species.

125 glycoprotein of 46 kDa on the surface of the promastigote form of most Leishmania species.

126 polyamine auxotrophy to the insect vector or promastigote form of the parasite.

127 most abundant protein on the surface of the promastigote form of the protozoan parasites Leishmania

128 in a CRISPR-Cas9 gene deletion screen in the promastigote form, yielding 188 viable null mutants.

129 the bite of sand flies, which inoculate the promastigote forms into the host's skin while acquiring

130 Whereas infections of macrophages by promastigote forms of Leishmania mexicana pifanoi induce

131 IL-10 knockout mice, and was obtained using promastigotes from cutaneous, visceral, and lipophosphog

132 the surface of late stationary growth phase promastigotes from patients with LCL, compared with thos

133 ycan-containing glycoconjugates, can protect promastigotes from the digestive enzymes in the gut and,

134 ptor type 1 (CR1) and that the transition of promastigotes from the noninfectious logarithmic phase o

135 out a 30-fold increase as Leishmania chagasi promastigotes grow in vitro from logarithmic phase to st

136 ough not essential, set7 deletion slows down promastigote growth and hypersensitizes the parasite to

137 e), which, unexpectedly, was dispensable for promastigote growth in vitro but essential for survival

138 1-selective inhibitors have little effect on promastigote growth.

139 corresponding wild-type did not occur until promastigotes had adapted to 12.2 muM MIL.

140 ulation of large numbers of Leishmania major promastigotes, have not supported an essential role for

141 ndritic cells (DCs) with Leishmania donovani promastigotes, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Mycobacterium

142 ulum, and (d) injecting heat-killed L. major promastigotes (HKLMP) to induce a cross-reactive Th2 res

143 shmanial efficacy against both extracellular promastigote (IC(50) 9.54 and 5.42 muM, respectively) an

144 ibited better results against L. amazonensis promastigotes (IC(50) = 15.52 3.782 uM) and intracellula

145 ilitation of macrophage (Mo) phagocytosis of promastigotes, (iii) interaction with the extracellular

146 lar amastigote in the mammalian host and the promastigote in the fly.

147 CYP5122A1 is essential for both L. donovani promastigotes in culture and intracellular amastigotes i

148 ient in SL degradation but grows normally as promastigotes in culture.

149 netosis stimulated by Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes in human neutrophils.

150 ania parasites alternate between flagellated promastigotes in sand flies and nonflagellated amastigot

151 challenged by inoculation of 100 metacyclic promastigotes in the ear dermis.

152 cro-environments within their hosts (i.e. as promastigotes in the gut lumen of their sandfly vectors

153 fection of human macrophages with L. chagasi promastigotes in vitro in the presence of IFN-gamma.

154 ownstream locus grew comparably to wild-type promastigotes in vitro, but failed to parasitize BALB/c

155 ations affected the growth and morphology of promastigotes in vitro, but with one exception, none of

156 nd retained lipid rafts while replicating as promastigotes in vitro.

157 nteraction with late stationary growth phase promastigotes in which PS was blocked by annexin V.

158 n of ICP colocalized with CPA and CPB in the promastigote (in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi) an

159 g on drug-sensitive and resistant Leishmania promastigotes, in addition to its apoptosis-inducing rol

160 xperimental model employing 10(6) metacyclic promastigotes, in which the rapid development of footpad

161 We demonstrate that promastigotes induce a classical netosis, dependent on t

162 In the first phase, L. donovani promastigotes induce activation of acid sphingomyelinase

163 n myeloid-derived human DC and Lm metacyclic promastigotes (infectious-stage parasites) to model the

164 d that products secreted by Leishmania major promastigotes inhibit the motility of dendritic cells (D

165 asis using 10(2) Leishmania major metacyclic promastigotes inoculated into the footpads of geneticall

166 LFR1 null mutants grow normally as promastigote insect stages but are defective in differen

167 he glucose metabolism of Leishmania donovani promastigotes (insect stage) was investigated by simulta

168 naling drives differentiation of nonvirulent promastigotes into forms capable of infecting host macro

169 sufficient to trigger differentiation of WT promastigotes into fully infective amastigotes.

170 rrest, and differentiation of wild-type (WT) promastigotes into infective amastigotes.

171 In some species, differentiation of insect promastigotes into mammalian-infective amastigotes is in

172 ajor following inoculation of 100 metacyclic promastigotes into the ear dermis.

173 n induce axenic differentiation of avirulent promastigotes into virulent amastigotes.

174 we introduced metacyclic L. infantum chagasi promastigotes intradermally into BALB/c mouse ears and s

175 down-regulated when flagellated insect-stage promastigotes invade mammalian macrophages and transform

176 nally, we describe a new defect of the spt2- promastigotes involving 'empty' acidocalcisomes (ACs), w

177 tion and cell division in the LdCEN knockout promastigote is unique and surprising.

178 ivity constitutively secreted by L. donovani promastigotes is composed of two (histidine) AcP isoform

179 inin derivatives against Leishmania donovani promastigotes is described for the first time.

180 ite Leishmania major, binding of replicating promastigotes is mediated by galactosyl side chain (scGa

181 L. amazonensis metacyclic promastigotes lacking one SODA allele failed to replicat

182 not detectable in either wild-type or TUBA5 promastigotes, LdNT1.2 does not contribute to nucleoside

183 Infection with L. amazonensis promastigotes led to increased 1/2 phosphorylation after

184 Amastigote and promastigote leishmania life stages retained similar num

185 Leishmania promastigotes ligate host macrophage receptors, triggeri

186 ion of meiosis-specific genes, we identified promastigote-like (PL) cells that interacted with each o

187 rt from isolated mammal-infective metacyclic promastigotes, little is known about the transcriptional

188 nt of an evasion mechanism as the Leishmania promastigotes mature to infectious forms and the possibi

189 The mean promastigote MIL susceptibility (50% inhibitory concentr

190 It has typical promastigote morphology but also forms surface-attached

191 Promastigote mutants heterozygous for crk1 were readily

192 The most obvious lipid changes in MIL-R promastigotes occurred to phosphatidylcholines and lysop

193 In this paper, we demonstrate that promastigotes of arsenite-resistant Leishmania tarentola

194 tigotes, whereas this was the case only when promastigotes of Deltaatg4.1 were used.

195 Promastigotes of Deltaatg4.2 but not Deltaatg4.1 were mo

196 tradermally in the ear with 10(5) metacyclic promastigotes of L. amazonensis together with SGE (equiv

197 Promastigotes of Leishmania live exclusively within the

198 Complexes 1-8 are active against promastigotes of Leishmania major and epimastigotes of T

199 The infectious metacyclic promastigotes of Leishmania protozoa establish infection

200 Promastigotes of Leishmania species synthesized a large

201 ed in plasma membrane vesicles prepared from promastigotes of Leishmania tarentolae were shown to acc

202 Promastigotes of multiple Leishmania species can rapidly

203 Promastigotes of the null mutants had similar cysteine p

204 nt clones of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis promastigotes or amastigotes were loaded with the fluore

205 rvived poorly irrespective of infection with promastigotes or amastigotes, whereas this was the case

206 rly in virulent amastigotes than in virulent promastigotes or avirulent cells of both stages.

207 or to infection with either stationary-phase promastigotes or tissue-derived amastigotes.

208 .c. immunization with a low dose of L. major promastigotes or with dihydrofolate-thymidylate synthase

209 Additionally, Leishmania promastigotes overexpressing LmAQP1 were found to migrat

210 aptin gene deletion mutants shows that these promastigote parasites are viable in culture, but are un

211 Intriguingly, LmNTR(+/-) heterozygote promastigote parasites could readily differentiate into

212 Leishmania to mammalian-infective metacyclic promastigotes, perhaps orchestrating the clearly observa

213 acking Mac-1 exhibit a dramatic reduction in promastigote phagocytosis relative to normal bovine mono

214 ole of PS exposure was also addressed during promastigotes phagocytosis by macrophages.

215 amine biosynthetic pathway, are critical for promastigote proliferation and required for maximum infe

216 APX overexpression in wild-type promastigotes reduced metacyclogenesis, but enhanced int

217 LHR1/Deltalhr1 promastigotes replicated poorly in heme-deficient media

218 these studies also established that L. major promastigotes require serine for optimal growth.

219 ducible deletion of CRK3 in stationary phase promastigotes resulted in attenuated growth in mice, the

220 investigating the effect of 6j on Leishmania promastigotes revealed that it induced molecular events,

221 fected with MBL-opsonized Leishmania chagasi promastigotes secreted higher levels of tumor necrosis f

222 s proteophosphoglycan (fPPG), a component of promastigote secretory gel found to accompany the parasi

223 is blocked by a gel of parasite origin, the promastigote secretory gel.

224 idated PLS-DA models on live amastigotes and promastigotes showed a sensitivity and specificity of 0.

225 In contrast, LIT1-null promastigotes showed reduced intracellular iron content

226 Metacyclic lpg5A(-)/lpg5B(-) promastigotes showed strong defects in the initial steps

227 libraries with polyclonal antibodies against promastigote soluble exo-antigens, we have identified a

228 tigote stage (mammalian host) but not in the promastigote stage (insect) of the parasite.

229 able to synthesize LPG2-dependent PGs in the promastigote stage and thus remained highly attenuated i

230 essential for the survival and growth of the promastigote stage of L. donovani and intimate an import

231 The extracellular promastigote stage of Leishmania spp. is transmitted to

232 similar to those of the native enzyme of the promastigote stage parasites.

233 ite differentiates from a dividing procyclic promastigote stage that avoids expulsion from the midgut

234 to the gut wall, to a nondividing metacyclic promastigote stage that is unable to attach to the midgu

235 ly vector to the highly infective metacyclic promastigote stage.

236 was easily induced in both strains using the promastigote-stage, but a significant increase in MIL-R

237 itive and useful for quantification based on promastigote standard curves.

238 e role of a DYRK family member in sustaining promastigote stationary phase phenotype and infectivity.

239 Leishmania promastigotes synthesize an abundance of phosphoglycans,

240 ntly expressed in amastigotes and metacyclic promastigotes than in procyclic promastigotes.

241 ter constructs for HAP2, we could select for promastigotes that could either hybridize or not in vitr

242 pregulation of NT1 was achieved in wild-type promastigotes that were transferred to medium deficient

243 ey are expressed predominantly in metacyclic promastigotes (the form in the insect vector which is in

244 trast to the infective parasites (metacyclic promastigotes), the procyclic promastigotes collected at

245 d that reactive oxygen species (ROS) control promastigotes, the infective stage of the parasite, but

246 ent at approximately 15-fold higher level in promastigotes, the insect stage of the parasite life cyc

247 that this activity is essential to L. major promastigotes, the parasite forms found in the insect ve

248 Three days after infection with L. donovani promastigotes, the total extradermal (lymph nodes, liver

249 We also found that Leishmania promastigotes through their surface protease (leishmanol

250 n reduced ability by the parasite to undergo promastigote to amastigote differentiation in vitro.

251 ortant for conversion from the extracellular promastigote to the obligate intracellular amastigote pa

252 adhesion of complement-opsonized metacyclic promastigotes to cells expressing both receptors.

253 of metacyclic and logarithmic-phase L. major promastigotes to complement receptors expressed on prima

254 idative damage and failure of SODA/DeltasodA promastigotes to differentiate into axenic amastigotes.

255 production is likely required for Leishmania promastigotes to generate bulk phospholipids, to handle

256 complement-dependent adhesion of metacyclic promastigotes to human monocyte-derived macrophages and

257 to a much lesser extent, that of metacyclic promastigotes to induce IL-12 were enhanced by pretreatm

258 In this study, we utilized stationary promastigotes to infect bone marrow-derived dendritic ce

259 ajor transforms from non-infective procyclic promastigotes to infective metacyclic promastigotes.

260 the ability of insect-transmitted metacyclic promastigotes to invade mammalian hosts, differentiate i

261 adhesion of complement-opsonized metacyclic promastigotes to Mac-1 is a prerequisite for phagocytosi

262 The ability of the LPG1-deficient promastigotes to persist in the midgut after blood meal

263 aatg4.1 were more susceptible than wild type promastigotes to starvation and oxidative stresses, whic

264 f a life cycle stage with a 9+2 axoneme (the promastigote) to one with a 9+0 axoneme (the amastigote)

265 Differentiation of the insect form, promastigotes, to the vertebrate form, amastigotes, and

266 th L. major infection, which correlated with promastigote transformation into amastigotes.

267 infection or lipophosphoglycan isolated from promastigotes triggered HO-1 production by murine macrop

268 ugh LmjAQP1 is localized to the flagellum of promastigotes, upon phosphorylation, it is relocalized t

269 tions and lipid inclusions in L. amazonensis promastigotes, upregulated tumor necrosis factor a, inte

270 ficient Ms are inefficient at C3bi-opsonized promastigote uptake, and Arg-deficient Ms are defective

271 shIF4Es change during the growth of cultured promastigotes, urging a search for regulatory proteins.

272 wn to be actively transcribed by L. donovani promastigotes using reverse transcription and PCR amplif

273 cacy of an autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) promastigote vaccine (1 mg per dose).

274 blind controlled field study, a killed whole-promastigote vaccine cocktail plus bacille Calmette-Guer

275 was predominantly expressed and secreted by promastigotes via the exosome route.

276 er support for the role of PGs in metacyclic promastigote virulence.

277 eptible BALB/c mice challenged with L. major promastigotes was investigated.

278 jor, a high dose s.c. inoculum of L. chagasi promastigotes was required to elicit protective immunity

279 In fact, in L. donovani promastigotes, we verified for 7 a decrease of cytoplasm

280 urface carbohydrates detected on LCL and MCL promastigotes were alpha-Man, alpha-Glc, and alpha-Gal.

281 LHR1/Deltalhr1 promastigotes were also less effective in reducing ferri

282 1,000 metacyclic promastigotes were coinoculated with a salivary gland so

283 Third, during the stationary phase, iscl(-) promastigotes were extremely vulnerable to acidic pH but

284 Leishmania major promastigotes were found to avoid activation of mouse bo

285 MbetaCD-treated promastigotes were more susceptible to complement-mediat

286 LHR1-null promastigotes were not viable, suggesting that the trans

287 Leishmania donovani promastigotes were shown to release chitinase activity d

288 Promastigotes were transfected with gp63 genes cloned in

289 Metacyclic Leishmania infantum chagasi promastigotes were treated with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin

290 nt3((-/-)) null mutant promastigotes were unable to replicate in medium contain

291 iasis (Lm), once loaded with live metacyclic promastigotes, were found to reactivate autologous prime

292 The BLN-resistant promastigotes when transformed into amastigotes in macro

293 antileishmanial activity against L. donovani promastigotes whereas CYP51-selective inhibitors have li

294 of the complement-dependent phagocytosis of promastigotes, whereas blocking CR1 has no detectable ef

295 e pathway via decarboxylation of pyruvate in promastigotes, whereas pathway redundancy is suggested f

296 Leishmania mexicana promastigotes with an MPK2 deletion showed reduced Sb(II

297 Transfection of promastigotes with L. chagasi HSP70 caused a heat-induci

298 Induction of diCre activity in promastigotes with rapamycin resulted in efficient delet

299 EC(5)(0) of 11 +/- 5 muM in L. braziliensis promastigotes, with no cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells and g

300 ight reduction in the survival and growth of promastigotes within the early blood-fed midgut.