ライフサイエンスコーパス: proton gradient

1 due to production of additional ATP (via the proton gradient).

2 e dynamin-like GTPase Vps1p and the vacuolar proton gradient.

3 gulated, to avoid decoupling of the membrane proton gradient.

4 ert photons of light to an energy-generating proton gradient.

5 m an external energy source such as ATP or a proton gradient.

6 ts, allowing formation of an "extracellular" proton gradient.

7 in membranes stimulated by precursor and the proton gradient.

8 iporter fluxing divalent cations against the proton gradient.

9 pendent on the presence of ATP and an intact proton gradient.

10 mbrane to store energy in an electrochemical proton gradient.

11 pe diploid but do not support formation of a proton gradient.

12 GTP hydrolysis, and an intact inner-membrane proton gradient.

13 etion step, which requires neither ATP nor a proton gradient.

14 xygen reduction to establish a transmembrane proton gradient.

15 he chemical component of the electrochemical proton gradient.

16 s that results in a membrane electrochemical proton gradient.

17 of substrate counter to the direction of the proton gradient.

18 lected to both generate and monitor a linear proton gradient.

19 that generate ATP and NADH, and promote the proton gradient.

20 reversible dissipation of the mitochondrial proton gradient.

21 oxygen to water, concomitantly generating a proton gradient.

22 xylase (MGAD), is regulated by the vesicular proton gradient.

23 iration is used to generate a trans-membrane proton gradient.

24 tion, suggesting an energy dependence on the proton gradient.

25 umination is a result of the generation of a proton gradient.

26 n kinase that is controlled by the vesicular proton gradient.

27 ake was also stimulated by an inside-outside proton gradient.

28 that was independent of the electrochemical proton gradient.

29 gy to pump protons against the transmembrane proton gradient.

30 of membrane potential or the plasma membrane proton gradient.

31 with decreasing pH because of the increased proton gradient.

32 er to establish the membrane electrochemical proton gradient.

33 sociated with water flow, likely driven by a proton gradient.

34 ing the redox energy into the cross-membrane proton gradient.

35 ialized secretion apparatus energized by the proton gradient.

36 enabling antiport without dissipation of the proton gradient.

37 transport to a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient.

38 ligomerize into small holes and uncouple the proton gradient.

39 cross the lipid membranes in the presence of proton gradient.

40 ynthesis to the light-driven electrochemical proton gradient.

41 m glycerol, indicating the requirement for a proton gradient.

42 cation of protons against an electrochemical proton gradient.

43 ion of protein synthesis, and dissipation of proton gradients.

44 uilibrium conditions, such as temperature or proton gradients.

45 on the premise that LUCA depended on natural proton gradients.

46 t-dependent generation of a transthylakoidal proton gradient; (2) the deepoxidation of the xanthophyl

47 charged lipid membranes can generate a local proton gradient, accelerating the acid-catalyzed formati

48 is a multidrug transporter that utilises the proton gradient across bacterial cell membranes to pump

49 The development of an electrochemical proton gradient across illuminated thylakoid membranes a

50 Efficient establishment of a proton gradient across lipid membranes upon light illumi

51 ated by an inwardly directed electrochemical proton gradient across right-side-out vesicles, an effec

52 levels, because conditions that enhance the proton gradient across the bacterial inner membrane stim

53 cular motor in all life forms, utilizing the proton gradient across the cell membrane to fuel the syn

54 We suggest too that the proton gradient across the cell wall and cytoplasmic mem

55 gars) in order to maintain a electrochemical proton gradient across the cytoplasmic membrane.

56 Dissipation of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

57 Because different proteins compete for the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane,

58 orylation via the formation and release of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

59 ) to transport protons, thus dissipating the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

60 respiratory chain and generates much of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

61 ires the establishment of an electrochemical proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

62 be harnessed to generate an electrochemical proton gradient across the lipid bilayer.

63 om NADH to ubiquinone to the creation of the proton gradient across the membrane necessary for ATP sy

64 ith an l-Asp/l-Ala antiporter to establish a proton gradient across the membrane that can be used for

65 ated by an inwardly directed electrochemical proton gradient across the membrane vesicles, an effect

66 ein that is energized by the electrochemical proton gradient across the membrane.

67 on process in the form of an electrochemical proton gradient across the membrane.

68 ry catalysis, powered by the electrochemical proton gradient across the membrane.

69 producing ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane.

70 rs, are capable of generating a photoinduced proton gradient across the membrane.

71 This is a complex reaction powered by the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane,

72 Mitochondrial uncouplers, which reduce the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane,

73 But given the unavailability of ATP or a proton gradient across the OM, it is unknown what energy

74 suggests that HA1 is crucial for building a proton gradient across the PAM and therefore is indispen

75 proton symporter (MIT), which is driven by a proton gradient across the parasite membrane.

76 ungus to plant cells is thought to require a proton gradient across the periarbuscular membrane (PAM)

77 P-dependent proton pump that establishes the proton gradient across the synaptic vesicle, which in tu

78 Electron transport and the electrochemical proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane are two fu

79 n centers and the associated electrochemical proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane result in

80 m the cytosol to the vacuole lumen using the proton gradient across the tonoplast.

81 od, but it is clear that the generation of a proton gradient across the vesicle membrane is crucial.

82 VMAT2) using energy from an electrochemical proton gradient across the vesicle membranes.

83 ner mitochondrial membrane and dissipate the proton gradient across this membrane that is normally us

84 lex rotary motors that convert the energy of proton gradients across coupling membranes into the chem

85 ractically all cells harness electrochemical proton gradients across membranes to drive ATP synthesis

86 n acid-activated ion channel that dissipates proton gradients across membranes) and measured the effe

87 lkaline hydrothermal systems sustain natural proton gradients across the thin inorganic barriers of i

88 Using the PR constructs, we generated proton gradients across the vesicle membrane along prede

89 Natural proton gradients acting across thin FeS walls within alk

90 gion (P-side) in mitochondria; the resultant proton gradient activates ATP synthase to produce ATP fr

91 d translocation are powered by the endosomal proton gradient and are catalyzed by three peptide-clamp

92 P were abolished by disrupting the lysosomal proton gradient and by ablating TPC2 expression, but wer

93 en postulated to dissipate the mitochondrial proton gradient and cause metabolic inefficiency.

94 tial energy of the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) proton gradient and CM proteins TonB, ExbB, and ExbD.

95 Mitochondrial uncouplers dissipate this proton gradient and disrupt numerous cellular processes,

96 vert chemical energy into an electrochemical proton gradient and drive the energy metabolism.

97 o acids of the epsilon subunit collapses the proton gradient and hinders ATP synthesis with similar e

98 tive stress by dissipating the mitochondrial proton gradient and mitochondrial membrane potential (De

99 e organ origin, and shows that the increased proton gradient and pH in cancer cell mitochondria is a

100 contrast with CCCP, which both abolished the proton gradient and stimulated hydrolysis.

101 Mitochondrial respiration generates a proton gradient and superoxide radicals, suggesting a po

102 ransporter that is driven by a transmembrane proton gradient and that is also known to be involved in

103 esses are coupled to both an electrochemical proton gradient and the hydrolysis of ATP.

104 altering CO2 levels to adjust the thylakoid proton gradient and thus the regulation of light harvest

105 This uptake depended upon a proton gradient and was reversed by a specific V-H+-PPas

106 Independence of the export from proton gradients and ATP suggests that overexpression of

107 ing among ATP hydrolysis, an electrochemical proton gradient, and glutamate transport.

108 TonB to respond to the cytoplasmic membrane proton gradient, and occurs in proportion to the level o

109 However, electrochemical proton gradient, and possibly ATP hydrolysis, are not re

110 t Hoechst 33342 in response to an artificial proton gradient, and transport was blocked by nigericin

111 tion response of the qE key components LHCX, proton gradient, and xanthophyll cycle pigments (Dd+Dt)

112 , reduced cytosolic pH, reduced tip-to-shank proton gradients, and defects in actin organization.

113 ed to more acidic solutions, electrochemical proton gradients are spontaneously established and maint

114 lity when organelle retention mechanisms and proton gradients are synchronized, an insight that has n

115 Electrochemical proton gradients are the basis of energy transduction in

116 the responses of redox states to changes in proton gradient, are dependent on the details of the mod

117 ions via a mechanism using the transmembrane proton gradient as a cue for polar localization.

118 e systems, which utilize the electrochemical proton gradient as a driving force.

119 s were unable to make use of a transmembrane proton gradient as a driving force.

120 at SynK-less cyanobacteria cannot build up a proton gradient as efficiently as WT organisms, suggesti

121 embranes transport folded proteins using the proton gradient as the sole energy source.

122 ogical context, allowing the cell to use the proton gradient as well as the membrane potential to dri

123 cells being unable to maintain mitochondrial proton gradients as a consequence of UCP-2 upregulation.

124 the reaction centres, and the generation of proton gradients as driving force.

125 ved photocycle intermediates, as well as the proton gradient at a given light intensity.

126 The Ton and Tol motor proteins use the proton gradient at the inner membrane of Gram-negative b

127 DH/FADH(2)), in oxygenation, and in membrane proton gradient/ATP demand.

128 nflux Vmax and collapse of the transmembrane proton gradient attributed to the diffusion of the proto

129 etween proton pumping and dissipation of the proton gradient by ATP-synthase is critical to avoid for

130 obacteria metabolize hydrogen and generate a proton gradient by electron transport.

131 Increasing the trans-membrane proton gradient by lowering the extracellular pH from 7.

132 e c oxidase contributes to the transmembrane proton gradient by removing two protons from the high-pH

133 with the maintenance of the electrochemical proton gradient by the H(+)-ATPase.

134 eases the free energy available from natural proton gradients by approximately 60%, enabling survival

135 The amplified proton gradient could also be responsible for the acid i

136 Transmembrane proton gradients coupled to, and maintained by, electron

137 The reaction occurs with proton-gradient coupled conformational changes, which af

138 electrical component of the electrochemical proton gradient created by the chromaffin granule membra

139 nergy coupling posits a bulk electrochemical proton gradient (Deltap) as the sole driving force for p

140 ) to generate a mitochondrial inner membrane proton gradient (DeltaP).

141 icular membrane potential (Deltapsi) and the proton gradient (DeltapH) are important driving forces f

142 A proton gradient (DeltapH) can drive LF unfolding and tra

143 rce, composed of the chemical potential, the proton gradient (DeltapH), and the membrane potential (D

144 ing of a membrane potential (DeltaPsi) and a proton gradient (DeltapH).

145 pid bilayers that a physiologically relevant proton gradient (DeltapH, where the endosome is acidifie

146 We analyzed YgfU and showed that it is a proton-gradient dependent, low-affinity (K(m) 0.5 mM), a

147 ive phenotype of a yeast mutant and mediated proton gradient-dependent Ca2+/H+ exchange activity in v

148 Our data indicate that chemical proton gradient-dependent efflux by LmrP in cells conver

149 efflux in a membrane potential and chemical proton gradient-dependent fashion.

150 ine antitubercular drug rifampicin through a proton gradient-dependent mechanism.

151 s a close cooperation between the redox- and proton gradient-dependent regulatory mechanisms for prop

152 Mechanistically, we reveal that SPNS1 is a proton gradient-dependent transporter of LPC species fro

153 y acid beta-oxidation, reduced mitochondrial proton gradient, disrupted cristae structure and defecti

154 How this process is coupled to proton gradient disruption is unclear.

155 complex independently of FIP200, ATG13, and proton gradient disruption.

156 V(1)H controls ATG16L1 recruitment following proton gradient dissipation, suggesting that the V-ATPas

157 Two models of proton gradient driven translocation have been proposed:

158 two distinct membrane transport mechanisms: proton gradient-driven and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) tr

159 to make substrate binding a prerequisite of proton gradient-driven gamma subunit rotation.

160 to make substrate binding a prerequisite of proton gradient-driven gamma subunit rotation.

161 e molecular origin of the action of the F(0) proton gradient-driven rotor presents a major puzzle des

162 ause phosphate binding is believed linked to proton gradient-driven subunit rotation.

163 ouple electron transfer with a transmembrane proton gradient driving ATP production.

164 The simulation of the ion pumping against a proton gradient energized by light in photosynthesis is

165 ters into synaptic vesicles is driven by the proton gradient established across the vesicle membrane.

166 energized by the membrane potential and the proton gradient established by the combined activity of

167 Results indicate that a proton gradient exists inside the reverse micelles, leav

168 uptake, or in NH(4)(+), which diminishes the proton gradient for ACh uptake into the vesicles.

169 nd generates a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient for adenosine triphosphate synthesis.

170 lfide oxidoreductase system that generates a proton gradient for ATP synthesis not previously describ

171 converting solar energy into a transmembrane proton gradient for ATP synthesis(1-3).

172 roximity to the cell membrane to harness the proton gradient for energy generation.

173 mbrane protein that uses the cell membrane's proton gradient for import of lactose.

174 residues are required in LF(N) to utilize a proton gradient for translocation.

175 y hydrolyse ATP to establish electrochemical proton gradients for a plethora of cellular processes(1,

176 g the required transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient ([Formula: see text]).

177 s the O2 level; (2) decreased cross-membrane proton gradient from membrane damage, coupled with hypox

178 The proton gradient generated by pyrophosphate was collapsed

179 and low-affinity NO3(-) transporters and the proton gradient generated by the plasma membrane H(+)-AT

180 s energized with an electrical potential and proton gradient generated through the action of H+ pumps

181 mbranes can synthesize ATP at the expense of proton gradients generated by pH transitions in the dark

182 We now show that the vacuole proton gradient, generated by the vacuolar proton ATPase

183 lasmic membrane) harbors enzymes involved in proton gradient generation and ATP synthesis.

184 ation by either a delocalized or a localized proton gradient geometry.

185 ver, the precise mechanisms by which natural proton gradients, H2, CO2 and metal sulphides could have

186 It is energized by the proton gradient; here, a mutational approach was used to

187 e stimulation of MsbA-ATPase by the chemical proton gradient highlight the functional integration of

188 are gated by both voltage and transmembrane proton gradient (i.e., DeltapH), serving as acid extrude

189 nsduces redox energy into an electrochemical proton gradient in aerobic respiratory chains, powering

190 DMP 777 reversed a stimulated proton gradient in isolated parietal cell tubulovesicles

191 ng and maintaining the crucial transmembrane proton gradient in plants and fungi.

192 inner mitochondrial membrane and changes the proton gradient in the mitochondria.

193 proteins is essential for forming and using proton gradients in cells.

194 liposomes and used to effect a light-driven proton gradient, indicating that both native conformatio

195 membrane vesicles generated a transmembrane proton gradient, indicating that hydrolysis occurred via

196 n pumping by 2-fold but had no effect on the proton gradient induced by addition of succinate.

197 ow not only proton transport but also unique proton-gradient-induced water transport across the lipid

198 ocesses, by transforming the electrochemical proton gradient into ATP energy via proton transport acr

199 efficiently converts a cell's transmembrane proton gradient into chemical energy stored as ATP.

200 The proton gradient is a principal energy source for respira

201 The plasma membrane proton gradient is an essential feature of plant cells.

202 t in an assay in which an outwardly directed proton gradient is artificially imposed and solute uptak

203 ivation of the enzyme by the electrochemical proton gradient is discussed.

204 ed for membrane disruption and that only the proton gradient is dispersed.

205 mutant embryos, because their mitochondrial proton gradient is disrupted and reactive oxygen species

206 icidin, indicating that the synaptic vesicle proton gradient is essential in ATP activation of MGAD.

207 e substrate, energy from an electro-chemical proton gradient is transduced into the recruitment of Ta

208 gs mobilized by NAADP that is dependent on a proton gradient maintained by an ATP-dependent vacuolar-

209 e oxidoreduction to generate a transmembrane proton gradient, making the 2H(+)/2e(-) quinone chemistr

210 can be used as fluorescent pH indicators for proton gradient measurements.

211 to GABA packaging into synaptic vesicles by proton gradient-mediated GABA transport is presented.

212 It is responsible in part for generating the proton gradient necessary for ATP production.

213 more, CCCP, a protonophore that disrupts the proton gradient necessary for the secretion of related R

214 sues function to establish concentration and proton gradients necessary for cells with high mitochond

215 cytochrome reduction to the generation of a proton gradient needed for ATP synthesis.

216 reas citrate and glycine neither altered the proton gradient nor inhibited PCFT-mediated transport.

217 n of the central plant organelle generates a proton gradient of often 1-2 pH units or more.

218 is abolished by conditions that disrupt the proton gradient of synaptic vesicles, e.g. the presence

219 to convert potential energy inherent in the proton gradient of the cytoplasmic membrane into active

220 mplexes in a manner that is dependent on the proton gradient of the inner mitochondrial membrane, and

221 icating that this process is not driven by a proton gradient or other energy source.

222 Collapsing the DV proton gradient (or starving the parasites of glucose) r

223 s can be elicited, especially with an inward proton gradient (pH(o) < pH(i)).

224 under strict control of the electrochemical proton gradient (pmf) across the membrane.

225 y harnessing a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient (pmf).

226 roplets taking advantage of the differential proton gradients present in these organelles as well as

227 By contrast, electrochemical proton gradients regulate the pumping rate and the switc

228 igase positively regulates the expression of PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 3 (PGR3), a PPR protein requi

229 photosystem I, the cyanobacterial homolog of Proton Gradient Regulation 5 is shown not to be crucial

230 higher plants that lack the FDPs and use the Proton Gradient Regulation 5 to safeguard photosystem I,

231 one or more redox pathways mediated by PGR5 (PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5) and NDH (NAD(P)H dehydroge

232 onas reinhardtii mutant (pgrl1) deficient in PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION LIKE1 (PGRL1)-mediated CEF.

233 The PGR5/proton gradient regulation-like1 (PGRL1) ferredoxin (Fd)

234 oplastic oxygen-sensitive hydrogenases or in Proton-Gradient Regulation-Like1 (PGRL1)-dependent cycli

235 The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proton gradient regulation5 (Crpgr5) mutant shows phenot

236 Moreover, proton gradient regulation5 (PGR5) is required for prope

237 PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5) is thought to promote

238 We showed that PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5)-dependent regulation

239 l via two main routes: one that involves the Proton Gradient Regulation5 (PGR5)/PGRL1 complex (PGR) a

240 tion with nonphotochemical quenching and the proton gradient regulation5-dependent control of electro

241 To investigate the functional importance of Proton Gradient Regulation5-Like1 (PGRL1) for photosynth

242 al membrane transporters which dissipate the proton gradient, releasing stored energy as heat.

243 ile inhibiting respiratory generation of the proton gradient restored resistance to antimicrobial pep

244 plants suggest that increasing the vacuolar proton gradient results in increased solute accumulation

245 ells in the presence of an inwardly directed proton gradient showed directional asymmetry (favoring a

246 )(2-) are co-transported by AtSULTR4;1 and a proton gradient significantly enhances SO(4)(2-) transpo

247 on of inhibitors of the cytoplasmic membrane proton gradient, such as azide, led to a strong increase

248 uples electron transfer to generation of the proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

249 establishes a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient that powers ATP synthesis.

250 d the H(+) -ATPase (V-ATPase), establish the proton gradient that powers molecular traffic across the

251 adipose tissue (BAT) can also dissipate this proton gradient through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to g

252 eliminates the capacity of F(1) to couple a proton gradient to ATP synthesis.

253 bility of the F(1)F(o) ATP synthase to use a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis.

254 lute carrier (SLC) transporters and uses the proton gradient to drive cystine export into the cytopla

255 ids, maintaining a sufficient transthylakoid proton gradient to drive protein translocation or other

256 F1F0 ATP synthases use a transmembrane proton gradient to drive the synthesis of cellular ATP.

257 uperfamily (MFS) transporters that utilize a proton gradient to drive the uptake of di- and tri-pepti

258 nment and transduces the energy of an inward proton gradient to drive Zn(II) efflux.

259 SecDF is thought to utilize a proton gradient to effectively pull precursor proteins f

260 membrane proteins ExbB and ExbD harness the proton gradient to energize TonB, which directly contact

261 s to the transport site enables a stationary proton gradient to facilitate the conversion of zinc-bin

262 Furthermore, we show that Mfsd2b utilizes a proton gradient to facilitate the release of S1P.

263 Mitochondria rely on a proton gradient to generate ATP and interfering with ele

264 contrast to the F-type ATPases, which use a proton gradient to generate ATP, the V-type enzymes use

265 l inner membrane proteins that dissipate the proton gradient to generate heat) in cortical neurons, i

266 e transhydrogenase (Nnt), which utilizes the proton gradient to generate NADPH from NADH and NADP(+),

267 emble dynamic membrane channels that use the proton gradient to power both T9SS-dependent secretion o

268 stead depends on the thylakoid transmembrane proton gradient to power protein translocation.

269 Photosynthesis and respiration rely upon a proton gradient to produce ATP.

270 The requirement for a proton gradient to sequester the charged species CH(3)NH

271 0)F(1)-ATP synthase couple the photo-induced proton gradient to the production of ATP.

272 e detailed mechanism used by F(0) to convert proton gradient to torque and rotational motion presents

273 pathway uses three membrane proteins and the proton gradient to transport folded proteins across seal

274 ynthase, a rotary motor protein that couples proton gradients to ATP synthesis.

275 is to facilitate the establishment of local proton gradients to fuel ATP synthesis.

276 roton-coupled transporters use transmembrane proton gradients to power active transport of nutrients

277 g phototrophs and chemolithotrophs, also use proton gradients to power carbon fixation directly.

278 nario, including the following: DeltapH, the proton gradient (trigger); light-harvesting complex II (

279 ger and Na(+)/H(+) exchanger) coupled to the proton gradient, ultimately maintained by the proton pum

280 hoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), a mitochondrial proton gradient uncoupler, to release mitochondrial free

281 affects protein structure and function, and proton gradients underlie the function of organelles suc

282 PQLC2 is uncoupled from the steep lysosomal proton gradient, unlike many lysosomal transporters, ena

283 ystem I to the generation of a transmembrane proton gradient used for the biosynthesis of ATP.

284 As much as two-thirds of the proton gradient used for transmembrane free energy stora

285 ansport, which maintains the electrochemical proton gradient used to produce ATP and drive other cell

286 Insertion failed when the TM proton gradient was abolished with Carbonyl cyanide m-ch

287 When this proton gradient was abolished with nigericin, the extram

288 Only a small proton gradient was detected over the inner membrane in

289 The role of the proton gradient was determined by exposing M. tuberculos

290 bining parallel or antiparallel chloride and proton gradients, we show that the doped mesophase can o

291 ntaining bR proteoliposomes exhibit a stable proton gradient when irradiated with visible light, wher

292 ntial and pH gradient of the electrochemical proton gradient, whereas VGLUT1 is primarily dependent o

293 during its activation by the electrochemical proton gradient which specifically alters the conformati

294 We further provide evidence that the proton gradient, which is required for translocation, in

295 ndria use the respiratory chain to produce a proton gradient, which is then harnessed for the synthes

296 liberated free energy as an electrochemical proton gradient, which is used for the synthesis of ATP.

297 e view that UCP4 may dissipate the excessive proton gradient, which is usually associated with ROS pr

298 nner membranes that are unable to maintain a proton gradient, while expelling their nucleoid-based ge

299 as an H(+)/K(+) antiporter and disrupts the proton gradient without affecting membrane potential, al

300 chemical uncoupler, dissipates mitochondrial proton gradients without generating mtROS.