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1 atially opposed bmp and admp expression in a protostome.
2 can reveal about adaptive individuality in a protostome.
3 lated to embryonic polarity in the ancestral protostome.
4 photrochozoa, a challenging clade within the protostomes.
5 prior to the divergence of deuterostomes and protostomes.
6 in embryos of Drosophila and other metameric protostomes.
7 co-repressor recruitment is ancestral in the protostomes.
8 in point towards a more complex situation in protostomes.
9 ogs in publically available genomes of other protostomes.
10 ocalization suggests exciting parallels with protostomes.
11 ans, and both lophotrochozoan and ecdysozoan protostomes.
12 rivial differences from both vertebrates and protostomes.
13 euterostomes, ecdysozoan and lophotrochozoan protostomes.
14  evidence for the presence of sialylation in protostomes.
15  of elucidating functions for sialylation in protostomes.
16 prior to the divergence of deuterostomes and protostomes.
17 ups with the deuterostomes as opposed to the protostomes.
18 l before the divergence of deuterostomes and protostomes.
19 s unclear whether they are a sister group to protostomes [1, 2], one of the principal animal supercla
20 hilic loops in deuterostomes with respect to protostomes; (3) substitution matrices generated from di
21 s produced the heterophilic Dprs and DIPs in protostomes, along with two other subfamilies that diver
22                            Deuterostomes and protostomes also show large genome novelties.
23 We find a homologous break is present across protostomes although it has been lost in a small number
24 rait was potentially even inherited from the protostome ancestor.
25 ayed from representative species of both the protostome and deuterostome branches of the metazoan phy
26                            Here we show that protostome and deuterostome cartilage share structural a
27 ensory cells, suggesting a common origin for protostome and deuterostome epidermal sensory cells in t
28  suggest that most of the components of both protostome and deuterostome Hh signaling pathways are pr
29  the complement of adhesion proteins between protostome and deuterostome invertebrates and between in
30 ncestral gene structure identifiable in both protostome and deuterostome lineages and that the duplic
31 enes were found to predate the divergence of protostome and deuterostome phyla.
32 n led to the emergence of globin families in protostomes and deuterostomes (i.e. convergent evolution
33         CID appeared after the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes 450-600 million years ago,
34  We propose that the last common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes already possessed an ultra
35 that the HMG1/2 family originated before the protostomes and deuterostomes diverged, over 525 million
36 analyses suggest that the common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes had a minimum complement o
37  data argue that the last common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes had a prototype of the bra
38 of the T-box family are known to function in protostomes and deuterostomes in the specification of me
39 ow to identify important differences between protostomes and deuterostomes mitochondrial proteins: (1
40                                   If so, the protostomes and deuterostomes probably shared a common s
41 all remaining Bilateria (= Nephrozoa, namely protostomes and deuterostomes) or is a clade inside Deut
42 ich are themselves designated the Nephrozoa (protostomes and deuterostomes).
43 l biology of the last common ancestor of the protostomes and deuterostomes, an animal from which >98%
44 , having its origin before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, and may ancestrally have
45 ning is related to the mouth and anus of the protostomes and deuterostomes, we studied the expression
46         They also argue that the foreguts of protostomes and deuterostomes, which have traditionally
47  a general feature of appendage formation in protostomes and deuterostomes.
48 late a variety of behavioral systems in both protostomes and deuterostomes.
49 e lineage that led to the common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes.
50 e in olfactory structure and function across protostomes and deuterostomes.
51  that was present prior to the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes.
52 ion pathway diverged during the evolution of protostomes and deuterostomes.
53 early in evolution even before divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes.
54 to regulate endoderm differentiation in both protostomes and deuterostomes.
55  identity with those found in cnidarians and protostomes and more broadly share muscle and gland cell
56 gest that this pre-Cambrian ancestor of most protostomes and the deuterostomes possessed elements of
57 sent an intermediate diversification between protostomes and vertebrates.
58 for odor-processing systems in craniates and protostomes (and even between the nasal and vomeronasal
59  of Biomphalaria glabrata, a lophotrochozoan protostome, and provide timely and important information
60                       The break is common in protostome animals (arthropods, molluscs, annelids etc.)
61 vage is characteristic of a diverse group of protostome animals.
62                                        Both "protostome" animals (e.g., mollusks, annelids, and arthr
63 ffold families present in mollusks and other protostomes are absent in vertebrates, including the Fif
64  protein-coding gene loci and estimated that protostomes (arthropods, annelids, and mollusks) diverge
65 ed after the split between deutorostomes and protostomes, as it is distinguishable in chordates and e
66 ne type being retained in chordates (SS) and protostomes (ASTC) but with both types being retained in
67 break is located in the same position as the protostome break suggesting a striking instance of conve
68 rtebrate 28S rRNAs are not homologous to the protostome break.
69 tigated the homologous FLP/NPR system of the protostome C.elegans.
70                                           In protostomes, cell polarity is present after fertilizatio
71                           They belong to the protostome clade Ecdysozoa, with Onychophora (velvet wor
72  for homology among members of the two great protostome clades (the ecdysozoans and lophotrochozoans)
73 evolved gradually, yet the last deuterostome-protostome common ancestor already possessed an elaborat
74 ing the conventional view of the last common protostome-deuterostome ancestor (PDA) as a complex orga
75 omatic striated myocytes were present in the protostome-deuterostome ancestor and that smooth myocyte
76 urons formed part of the mucociliary sole in protostome-deuterostome ancestors and diversified indepe
77 years ago) and 530 Ma evidently includes the protostome-deuterostome branching, diversification of in
78 rior to the vertebrate divergence, after the protostome-deuterostome divergence but before the amniot
79 ubfamilies mostly in triploblasts before the protostome-deuterostome split, whereas few subfamilies w
80  for Ser-56 that remarkably is linked to the protostome-deuterostome split.
81 a distinct clade that appears related to the protostome/deuterostome A clade of fibrillar collagens.
82 ion years ago, while NCBD was present in the protostome/deuterostome ancestor.
83 losely related to chordates and postdate the protostome/deuterostome divergence, they must have evolv
84                     The Gsx homologue in the protostome Drosophila is expressed in a corresponding in
85 lex I from the thoracic muscles of the model protostome Drosophila melanogaster.
86 mechanism of brain development occurs in the protostome Drosophila, and find that the foregut and mes
87 ropeptides regulate feeding and digestion in protostomes (e.g. insects) and chordates.
88 dless of their size or complexity.(1-3) Both protostomes (e.g., flies and flatworms) and deuterostome
89  xenopsin may play an important role in many protostome eyes and provides new insights into the funct
90 , raising the question of how Su(H) in other protostomes gains repressive function.
91 onges, cnidarians, and both deuterostome and protostome groups but does not appear to be present in p
92 By contrast, the evidence for sialylation in protostomes has been scarce and somewhat controversial.
93 prior to the divergence of deuterostomes and protostomes: in one case there was significant support f
94                                In ecdysozoan protostomes, including arthropods and nematodes, transcr
95                    In contrast to many other protostomes, including the segmented annelids, molting a
96                          We demonstrate that protostome invertebrate (LCav3) and human Cav3.1, Cav3.2
97 chloride channels (GluCls) are found only in protostome invertebrate phyla but are closely related to
98 Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) genome, a protostome invertebrate, reveals large-scale duplication
99 in seven species from different main taxa of protostome invertebrates (mollusk bivalves, crustacean a
100 neuropeptide-F (NPF) have been identified in protostome invertebrates, whilst prolactin-releasing pep
101 uberites and Microciona as well as basal and protostome invertebrates.
102 e annelids and arthropods are both segmented protostome invertebrates.
103 levant synthetic enzyme in insects and other protostomes is unknown.
104                                           As protostomes last shared a common ancestor with vertebrat
105 om Ecdysozoa after they separated from other protostomes likely explains their loss of ASICs, and thu
106 l CMP-sialic acid synthase (DmCSAS) from any protostome lineage expressed from a D. melanogaster cDNA
107 pulid, and hemichordate that represent major protostome lineages and non-vertebrate deuterostomes.
108 e and topology of the gene for MiCK from the protostome marine worm Chaetopterus variopedatus.
109    Thus, the divergence of deuterostomes and protostomes may have been accompanied by an inhibitory-e
110 such as ciliary vertebrate rods and cones or protostome microvillar eye photoreceptors, that have spe
111 rtebrates, and is greater than that found in protostome model systems such as Drosophila or Caenorhab
112 for tachykinin-related peptides (TKRPs) in a protostome, mollusk Aplysia.
113 cation of deuterostome achatin and luqin and protostome opioid pNPs, extended the neuropeptide comple
114 onary inheritance either from some metameric protostome or from a more closely related deuterostome.
115 d receptor-like sequences were detected from protostomes or from any invertebrates.
116   Spiralian development is shared by several protostome phyla and characterized by regularities in ea
117 that the common ancestor of a large clade of protostome phyla known as the Lophotrochozoa had spirali
118 milies that diversified independently across protostome phyla.
119  a pleiotropic neuropeptide widespread among protostomes, regulates larval settlement in the marine a
120 e and SS-type neuropeptides in chordates and protostomes, respectively, may have been due to their fu
121 re inhibitory neuropeptides in chordates and protostomes, respectively, which hitherto were identifie
122 ed as paralogs of NPY/NPF in vertebrates and protostomes, respectively.
123 rtion of duplications after the deuterostome-protostome split was constant across families, with no p
124                            Deuterostomes and protostomes split about 670 million years ago and plants
125  a position of Chaetognatha as sister to the protostomes studied here.
126 , mouse, and amphioxus) and from planarians (protostomes) suggest that Wnt signaling through beta-cat
127 egans, have been found to belong to a single protostome superclade, the Ecdysozoa.
128 eric isoforms of creatine kinase (CK) from a protostome, the polychaete Chaetopterus variopedatus, we
129 y, we greatly improved the resolution of the protostome tree of life.
130 sociation with neurophysin were not found in protostomes, urochordates or vertebrates.
131 restricted to Drosophila, Ciona, and humans (protostomes, urochordates, and vertebrates, respectively
132  modes that had previously been proposed for protostomes vs deuterostomes and instead suggest that va
133 tion has an important biological function in protostomes, while also revealing a novel, nervous syste
134                                    In marine protostome worms belonging to the phylum Nemertea, the E
135  diversity and evolutionary relationships of protostome worms.

 
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