ライフサイエンスコーパス: pulse

1 r an individual sound and electric discharge pulse.

2 e third pulse which is parallel to the first pulse.

3 gnalling have been described: persistent and pulse.

4 how MoS(2) interacts with ultrafast (< 1 ps) pulses.

5 f assessing the uncertainty of the retrieved pulses.

6 stacle for the formation of ultrashort light pulses.

7 n a factor of 2 in comparison to microsecond pulses.

8 to seizure focus, and even with single light pulses.

9 rds the full polarization state of terahertz pulses.

10 changes associated with the two ocean anoxia pulses.

11 roton distribution under high speed electric pulses.

12 uctor, WSe(2), prompted by femtosecond light pulses.

13 f the channel with focused femtosecond laser pulses.

14 e during the digestion of meals with/without pulses.

15 f high amplitude short length electric field pulses.

16 After a laser pulse (266 nm), two transient species were formed, viz.

17 By digital regulation of pulsed acoustic power from a low level to high levels, t

18 demonstrate the system with measurements of pulses across the entire tuning range.

19 Near-infrared picosecond laser pulses activated the gold-coating on the surface of nano

20 Pulsed actomyosin contractions drive morphogenetic proce

21 Tailored radio-frequency pulses allow quantum state storage for up to 20 ms, and

22 rs sensitive to the transmit radio-frequency pulses, along with diodes acting as switches to control

23 gh-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulse amperometric detector performed after beta-elimina

24 gh Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography-Pulsed Amperometric Detection analysis, but with low sen

25 Proton beams driven by chirped pulse amplified lasers have multi-picosecond duration an

26 pulse duration [Formula: see text] and seed pulse amplitude a for the Raman seed pulse (or [Formula:

27 hotosynthetic performance, as measured using pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry, showed tha

28 ess is strongly limited by the errors in the pulses, an noise-protected scheme remains challenging in

29 uld be more sensitive than conventional full-pulse analysis and can be used to distinguish between po

30 he beam intensity based on PCD employ a full-pulse analysis and may suffer from a lack of sensitivity

31 ase in the measured ionic current (resistive-pulse analysis).

32 However, pulse and high-amylose maize flours required a holding t

33 Femoral dP/dtmax strongly correlated with pulse and systolic arterial pressures and with total art

34 the birth of an ultrafast mode-locked laser pulse and the stable single-pulse operation which is hig

35 While changes in peripheral pulse and vasomotion power were significant the changes

36 CCM-3 depletion also reduced RGA-3 levels in pulses and increased baseline RhoA activity and pulsed c

37 enerally been believed in the field, shorter pulses and lower average power can help to alleviate dam

38 ic generation with sub-13 fs 1300 nm driving pulses and simultaneous production of sub-5 fs pulses ce

39 and how they act via individual contractile pulses and/or the formation of supracellular cables.

40 electron pulse mediated by an infrared laser pulse, and exploit the sensitivity of inelastic electron

41 as induced by a greenhouse-driven weathering pulse, and is compatible with the OAE duration being ext

42 pulse, flows during the second perpendicular pulse, and then returns to a pinned state during the thi

43 terial community through different levels of pulse antibiotic disturbance, manipulating the presence

44 The energy of the pulse application primarily dictated cell viability, wit

45 Magnetic resonance imaging with pulsed arterial spin labelling provided serial measureme

46 d, using the nanopipette to detect resistive pulses as nanoparticles form.

47 S with femtosecond and picosecond Raman pump pulses at 488 nm.

48 ression process with femtosecond x-ray laser pulses at different pump-probe delay times.

49 rsts (>100 Hz) when driven by rhythmic light pulses at theta (4 or 8 Hz) frequencies.

50 ovides novel insights into understanding the pulse behavior during the birth of an ultrafast mode-loc

51 plasma-based Raman amplification of a laser pulse beyond 0.1 TW has been achieved in nearly 20 years

52 bone marrow derived dendritic cells and IL33 pulsed BMDC promote a mixed Th2/Th17 response that was d

53 alls consist of a series of multicycle tonal pulses, but the fundamental frequency and first several

54 Overall, nanosecond high-voltage pulsing can be used to significantly improve the perform

55 EL) (n = 5) revealed central aortic systolic pulse (CASP) and central augmentation index (cAIx) estim

56 lses and simultaneous production of sub-5 fs pulses centered at 800 nm.

57 with and without overtones, sounds of burst-pulse character, graded sounds, biphonations, and calls

58 In pulse chase experiments using a deconvolved, confocal li

59 Using metabolic labeling and pulse-chase analysis of HIV-1 Gag proteins, we verified

60 life ~7-10 h), which we confirmed by in vivo pulse-chase experiments.

61 Pulse-chase fluorescent labeling indicates that Nup188 p

62 Using pulse-chase label retention experiments and multiplexed

63 biosis [9-11] using a reciprocal metabolomic pulse-chase method.

64 Using pulse-chase radiolabeling, peptide-N-glycosidase F treat

65 We propose that pulse-chase SILAC labeling is a useful tool for studying

66 PULSE combines a blue-light-regulated repressor with a r

67 exposure levels for a variety of lasers and pulse conditions on anesthetized Anopheles stephensi mos

68 aveforms for each subject showed typical JVP pulses contours except for the singularity of an unknown

69 ses and increased baseline RhoA activity and pulsed contractility during zygote polarization.

70 ciency (PUE) is highly desirable for organic pulse crop biofortification.

71 ic resonance imaging and physiology (cardiac pulse) data were acquired during a mild visual stress re

72 stigated by site-directed spin-labeling with pulse-dipolar electron-spin resonance spectroscopy (PDS)

73 that responses occur within five hours of a pulse disturbance, demonstrating rapid adaptation by spe

74 lume of 5 mm diameter and depth) at a single pulse dose of 0.7 Gy via multi-energy slice selection fr

75 erved, with higher beta-sheet levels in both pulses dried using CHD.

76 Short RhoA pulses drive reversible junction contractions, while lon

77 coupling constant [Formula: see text], seed pulse duration [Formula: see text] and seed pulse amplit

78 ofile due to plasma shielding over the laser pulse duration for an inverted double-well laser profile

79 en the two types of treatment with different pulse duration is critical to guarantee the effectivenes

80 with experimentally achieved spectral width, pulse duration, and average power with inaccuracy of 4.7

81 3, frequency: 3 MHz, intensity: 2.2 W/cm(2), pulse duration: 2 ms, pulse repetition frequency: 165 Hz

82 g at timescales well within the typical XFEL pulse durations (i.e., tens of fs), set the boundary con

83 length changes that saturate with prolonged pulse durations.

84 ersification rates, punctuated by speciation pulses, during warming events throughout the Phanerozoic

85 ormyrid fishes generate stereotyped electric pulses (electric organ discharge [EOD]) for communicatio

86 in the magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) and pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance of organ

87 Brief exposure to low mT-range pulsing electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) was previously sh

88 SDO and self-seeding of X-rays increases the pulse energy and makes it possible to observe the atomic

89 d and experimentally verified the excitation pulse energy to achieve the minimum photon count require

90 ng this assay, based on the DiscoverX InCell Pulse enzyme complementation technology, we characterize

91 seeks to develop the technique of Electrical pulse (EP)-mediated Turmeric silver nanoparticles (TurNP

92 7 cm(-1) for 1 and 2, respectively, enabling pulse EPR measurements.

93 mu-H)](+1) and [(P(6)ArC)Fe(2)(mu-H)](-1) by pulse EPR revealed that redox chemistry induces signific

94 Although pulse EPR studies indicate the presence of two Fe-(mu-H)

95 By performing pulse-EPR measurements on the shortest hairpin, selectiv

96 In years exhibiting large fry pulses, even marginal increases in their survival would

97 w of how ratcheted processivity emerges from pulsed events, and how tissue-level mechanics are the co

98 In a direct-pulse experiment, which prevents cross-polarization, the

99 alculated from ion diffusivities measured by pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectros

100 Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a nonthermal energy that

101 Pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR measurements, combined w

102 Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was applied as a

103 (Pulsed Fields for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation [PersAF

104 Normal maize and pulse flours formed hard gels after cooking at 120 degre

105 ganizes into a pinned state during the first pulse, flows during the second perpendicular pulse, and

106 at tolerance was stronger when the pesticide pulse followed the heat spike, and was buffered by the h

107 A combination treatment, long nanosecond pulses followed by standard millisecond pulses, is adopt

108 to the fingertips of teleoperators, with the pulsing frequency inversely proportional to the distance

109 Accurate characterization of an attosecond pulse from streaking trace is an indispensable step in s

110 x 10(3) times greater than that of any radio pulse from the Crab pulsar-previously the source of the

111 Extremely short X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser are helping to clarify

112 tly by femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from a seeded free-electron laser.

113 field-effect transistors are examined using pulsed-gate measurements, which identify the time scales

114 ser-driven particle acceleration, attosecond pulse generation, plasma photonics, high-field physics a

115 lectrode tips, induced currents, implantable pulse generator dysfunction, and mechanical forces.

116 Intense x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses hold great promise for imaging function in nanosc

117 determine the influence of static and multi-pulsed hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) treatments

118 Continuous wave and pulsed (HYSCORE) X-band EPR show it has a highly compact

119 es relying on relatively long-duration laser pulses (i.e., ns or longer).

120 r pulse length, and shorter interval between pulses improve resolution, eventually providing values t

121 r, and new short adiabatic 180 degrees (13)C pulses in DEPT and RINEPT is investigated.

122 Here we show that short (3.4 s) tVNS pulses in naive healthy male volunteers induced transien

123 ch was not possible with the known composite pulses in NMR.

124 m superposition states with ultrashort laser pulses in the new regime where several linear and nonlin

125 zation of helium by a sequence of attosecond pulses in the presence of a weak infrared laser field.

126 FEL (EuXFEL) delivers femtosecond (fs) X-ray pulses in trains spaced 100 ms apart whereas pulses with

127 s signature proves the existence of multiple pulses (including a soliton molecule) which is temporall

128 novel environment exploratory behavior, pre-pulse inhibition, conditioned avoidance response) to ass

129 Bimaterial slip pulses initiate as "subshear" cracks (slower than shear

130 s of fs), set the boundary conditions of the pulse intensity and sample parameters where the widely-a

131 illumination to a train of short (1 s) light pulses, interrupted by longer (9 s) dark periods.

132 and 667 W/kg with 10 s pulse width and 20 s pulse interval resulting in an average power of 167 and

133 ter GUV permeabilization induced by multiple pulses is additive for interpulse intervals as short as

134 The dynamics on multiple pulses is originated from a fast relaxation time of the

135 Generation of such pulses is traditionally realized via ultrafast laser exc

136 cond pulses followed by standard millisecond pulses, is adopted in this work to help facilitate DNA p

137 producible mass spectrometry-based method, a pulse labeling approach using stable isotope-labeled ami

138 decay after experimental intervention (e.g., pulse labeling).

139 supercapacitor can be fabricated by a single pulse laser photonic-reduction stamping.

140 Tin Oxide (ITO) substrates using femtosecond pulsed laser deposition (fs-PLD).

141 minum doped zinc oxide) and pure VO(2) using pulsed laser deposition technique.

142 Numerous experiments utilizing powerful pulsed lasers with peak-intensity above air photoionizat

143 Detailed pulse length dependent measurements revealed that rapid

144 Thanks to the achromat design, the pulse length of the electron bunches and the energy-depe

145 Higher frequency, longer pulse length, and shorter interval between pulses improv

146 Enlarging the stimulus amplitude and pulse length, or conversely, decreasing the interpulse i

147 The efficacy of pulsed light (PL) for the surface decontamination of rea

148 s (10 min of ultrasound, 5 min of ozone, and pulsed light at 10 V) showed pronounced effect compared

149 However, the positive effect induced by pulsed light decreased considerably over the next seven

150 measurements and quantitatively explain slip pulses' limiting velocities.

151 Pulsed magnetic field exposure of human breast cancer ce

152 chanistic basis for possible applications of pulsed magnetic fields in novel anticancer strategies.

153 Disuse-driven spontaneous activity pulses may help preserve functionally disconnected sub-c

154 femtosecond temporal gating of the electron pulse mediated by an infrared laser pulse, and exploit t

155 The effect of iTBS-beta tACS on both single-pulse MEPs and SICI was similar to that obtained in the

156 iTBS-sham tACS facilitated single-pulse MEPs in HSs, but not in patients.

157 constant microwave (MW) power (167 W/kg) and pulsed MW power (500 and 667 W/kg with 10 s pulse width

158 In order to understand a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at the fundamental frequency (lambda

159 nt IMAT, at the second target station of the pulsed neutron and muon source ISIS, is used to investig

160 elength ranges have been largely reserved to pulsed neutron sources.

161 ytobenthos community to directly introduce a pulse of labile carbon into sediment, we traced a primin

162 ontrol of parasite burdens correlated with a pulse of serum IFN-gamma at 3 to 4 days postinfection in

163 e between the large Delta(33)S and the first pulse of the Late Ordovician mass extinction about 445 m

164 The second pulse of the Late Ordovician mass extinction occurred ar

165 s) of 10 aquatic invertebrates toward a 24 h pulse of the pyrethroid cypermethrin and subsequently te

166 Mice were then given pulses of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in their drinki

167 is best explained by a process of divergent pulses of change.

168 utions to selectively decrease the amount in pulses of compounds that affect micronutrient bioavailab

169 Pulses of diversification in anthozoans follow mass exti

170 Pulses of FDAA labeling revealed an arrangement of separ

171 Picosecond pulses of near infrared (NIR) light provided by a two-ph

172 This time was characterized by two pulses of oceanic anoxia, named the Lower and Upper Kell

173 Rapid pulses of skull evolution coincide with changes to food

174 and arm casting to unmask previously unknown pulses of spontaneous activity.

175 Delay-bandwidth products of ~100 for pulses of width ~1 ps are observed, with no fundamental

176 Stochastic pulsing of gene expression can generate phenotypic diver

177 Our results demonstrate how stochastic pulsing of gene expression can play a key role in patter

178 he electron transfer reaction, not the laser pulse) of a new vibrational coherence along this second

179 reflection direction when focusing the laser pulse onto a subwavelength boundary of thick overdense p

180 ode-locked laser pulse and the stable single-pulse operation which is highly stabilized.

181 ast rates (~40 Hz) during a continuous light pulse or phasically in bursts (>100 Hz) when driven by r

182 nd seed pulse amplitude a for the Raman seed pulse (or [Formula: see text] for Brillouin) must exceed

183 ion using ulnar nerve stimulation and PA TMS pulses over M1, a protocol used in human studies to indu

184 Here we introduce a pulse overlap transmission imaging technique, which is s

185 h a cardiac cycle as revealed by a reference pulse oximeter (correlation between respective peak-to-p

186 highly scalable and could be integrated to a pulse oximeter probe for increased patient comfort.

187 such as the perfusion index measured using a pulse oximeter.

188 he camera and the average from two reference pulse oximeters (positioned at the finger and earlobe) w

189 o 70 mm Hg; oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry [Spo(2)], 88 to 92%) or liberal oxygen th

190 d age on control of breathing, inaccuracy of pulse oximetry at low oxygen saturations, and temperatur

191 Our findings suggest that pulse oximetry could be beneficial in supplementing clin

192 Pulse oximetry identified fatal pneumonia episodes at HC

193 The overall continuous pulse oximetry monitoring use percentage in these patien

194 The mortality impact of pulse oximetry use during infant and childhood pneumonia

195 Continuous pulse oximetry use percentages were risk standardized us

196 ount for interaction between SpO2 threshold (pulse oximetry) and clinical guidelines, clustering by c

197 The primary outcome, receipt of continuous pulse oximetry, was measured using direct observation.

198 ed heart and respiratory rate) and WristOx2 (pulse-oximetry and derived pulse rate) sensors.

199 tion revealed he was afebrile and had normal pulse oxygen saturation.

200 articularly low sensitivities were seen with pulse palpation (43%, CI 36 to 50%) and TcPO2 (31%, CI 2

201 With the pulsed-pH (ppH) protocol, one can detect the formation o

202 versible junction contractions, while longer pulses produce irreversible junction length changes that

203 ile, the CVGN models the distribution of the pulse profile conditioned on a given streaking trace mea

204 inverse mapping from a streaking trace to a pulse profile, the CVGN models the distribution of the p

205 Spectrograms of broadband THz pulses propagated through different lengths of fiber cle

206 In this study, pulse protein isolates (PPIs) were extracted from 0, 1,

207 e, we have applied two gel-based approaches, pulse proteolysis and force-profile analysis, to probe t

208 d that lasing action initiated using optical pulsed pumping coincides with the onset of both RSB and

209 heral arterial tonometry (PAT) amplitude and pulse rate changes.

210 aff and patients when utilising fluoroscopic pulse rate of 7.5 pps and 4 pps.

211 motion power were significant the changes in pulse rate variability were less consistent across subje

212 te) and WristOx2 (pulse-oximetry and derived pulse rate) sensors.

213 ndamental frequency (F0), related to glottal pulse rate, and vocal-tract length (VTL), related to spe

214 reater height, macroalbuminuria, higher mean pulse rate, beta-blocker use, and sustained albuminuria.

215 toactive yellow protein (PYP) with MHz X-ray pulse rates.

216 absent, concomitant with a decreased paired-pulse ratio (PPR).

217 -locked fibre lasers that produce high power pulses recently gained popularity for industrial uses.

218 The arterial pulse recording morphology was compared against a volume

219 response rate to ultrasound is dependent on pulse repetition frequency (PRF); and (3) ultrasound can

220 ntensity: 2.2 W/cm(2), pulse duration: 2 ms, pulse repetition frequency: 165 Hz, effective radiating

221 tterns in electromyograms and the associated pulse repetition rate of sounds and electric discharges.

222 fire on bumble bees acted indirectly through pulsed resource availability, it is likely our results a

223 istance was observed to influence the single pulse response profile.

224 During landing, pulsed retrorockets modified the surface to reveal a nea

225 This is done by combining resistive pulse (RP) measurements in a nanopore pipet and vesicle

226 .001; beta at 3.0 T = -5 msec, P = .02) and pulse sequence (beta at 1.5 T = -5 msec [with GRASE as r

227 Respiratory triggered MR pulse sequence did not add any significant diagnostic in

228 (2) A simple pulse sequence that affords zero-slope spectral baseline

229 A Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence was used for evaluation of the relative s

230 pling frequency and propose an improved (1)H pulse sequence with homonuclear decoupling for better me

231 quisition was executed with an inverse-gated pulse sequence.

232 enhanced MR imaging using quantitative 3D MR pulse sequences allows assessment of inflammation within

233 compared to the non-respiratory triggered MR pulse sequences.

234 With transient stimulation pulse shaping, we reduced stimulation artifact on miniST

235 Tandem mass tag-pulse SILAC (TMT-pSILAC) and RNA sequencing reveals that

236 TMT-pulse-SILAC analysis identified several pH-dependent pro

237 ed flow state during the perpendicular drive pulse, similar to the shear jamming of granular systems.

238 ficient (50% transmission) and tuneable dual pulsed solenoid setup to generate a homogeneous (lateral

239 ltaneously by synergizing spectral encoding, pulse splitting, temporal shearing, and compressed sensi

240 Pulsed Stable Isotope Labeling in Cell culture (SILAC) a

241 interface, we combined Click chemistry with pulsed stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell c

242 gical stimulation paradigms including paired-pulse stimulation.

243 , supporting electrolyte, accumulation step, pulse technique) were optimized.

244 Voltammetric and pulse techniques confirmed the redox behaviour of the ne

245 al maps delivered by modern non-linear multi-pulse techniques.

246 mposite architecture and last beyond optical pulse temporal characteristics.

247 vel non-linear criteria for the initial seed pulse that will finally open the door to efficient Raman

248 Using nanosecond pulses, the detection limit for DMMP and PFOA in human b

249 Simultaneous thermal analysis-pulse thermal analysis-Fourier-transform infrared spectr

250 Duration and Dose of r-tPA With the Acoustic Pulse Thrombolysis Procedure for Intermediate-Risk Pulmo

251 ond laser harmonics that can evolve on intra-pulse time-scales.

252 Single- and double-pulse TMS evaluation included measurement of the input-o

253 Single pulse TMS was administered over the left motor cortex, u

254 We applied PULSE to control immune responses in plant leaves and ge

255 By applying a short ultrasound pulse to excite single microbubbles tethered to cell mem

256 a RUSH GPI-anchored construct using a biotin pulse to release the marker proteins from the ER.

257 operation time of a qubit by means of strong pulses to achieve a dynamical decoupling of the qubit fr

258 Here, we use extremely short optical pulses to non-resonantly excite an electron-hole plasma

259 ovides unprecedented beam stability within a pulse train.

260 onkeys to discriminate the frequency of ICMS pulse trains over a wide range of frequencies (from 10 t

261 , and 11 healthy controls, we applied paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols

262 and establish novel methods for pinpointing pulsed transmission schemes in neural data.

263 res photoselected by an ultrafast excitation pulse tuned through the UV-visible spectrum.

264 ed using the inverse spin Hall effect with a pulsed tunneling current from a ferromagnetic La(0.67)Sr

265 average power was as damaging as femtosecond pulses, unraveling the dominance of a heating-mediated d

266 ting the atmospheric dispersion of terahertz pulses using a cohort of stratified media reflectors.

267 Here, for the first time, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) has been successfully adapted to

268 rface was examined using CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques.

269 mpedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV).

270 bration plot for tannic acid by differential pulse voltammetry was linear in the range of 0.08-2.10 m

271 nation in synthetic urine using differential-pulse voltammetry with a limit of detection of 0.032 mum

272 The effects of pulse warming on ecological and evolutionary processes a

273 for evaluating and predicting the effects of pulse warming on parasitic infection.

274 the delay between each phase of the bipolar pulse was 30 ns.

275 f the second (negative) phase of the bipolar pulse was half that of the first (positive) phase but pr

276 mula: see text]) flux of [Formula: see text]/pulse was measured at the proximity of the moderator exi

277 spatial segregation of mean ERK activity and pulses was observed.

278 Comparison of CBP against a pulse wave analysis (PWA) device (Atcor Medical Sphygmoc

279 iontophoresis, and arterial stiffness, using pulse wave analysis.

280 2012-2013) by measuring the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV).

281 ional stiffness within the aortic arch using pulse wave velocity (PWV) and have found a stronger asso

282 ensors can accurately detect and measure the pulse wave velocity (PWV) when skin mounted.

283 phosphate was 1.25 mmol/L (3.87 mg/dl), mean pulse wave velocity was 10.8 m/s, and 81.3% had abdomina

284 ardiac and thoracic aorta calcium scores and pulse wave velocity were measured to evaluate VC progres

285 aorta, and cardiac valve calcium scores and pulse wave velocity were not significantly different amo

286 Carotid femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV) measured arterial stiffness

287 otid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and pulse-wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated in 101 PHIV and

288 ear waves) that transition to developed slip pulses where normal stresses almost vanish at their lead

289 n returns to a pinned state during the third pulse which is parallel to the first pulse.

290 1% at 1 kA cm(-2) are shown using electrical pulses, which represents an important milestone toward e

291 pulsed MW power (500 and 667 W/kg with 10 s pulse width and 20 s pulse interval resulting in an aver

292 ated as a function of various beam diameter, pulse width, and power conditions at visible and near-in

293 ntional ion injection mechanisms produce ion pulse widths typically around a few microseconds or less

294 he response was eliminated by a 2-ns bipolar pulse with positive and negative phases of equal duratio

295 The sample is excited by femtosecond laser pulses with a repetition rate of 10 GHz, which results i

296 bled the generation of broadly tunable light pulses with duration down to a few optical cycles; we th

297 The ability to deliver two coherent X-ray pulses with precise time-delays ranging from a few femto

298 techniques use sequences of ultrashort light pulses (with femto- to attosecond durations) to study ph

299 pulses in trains spaced 100 ms apart whereas pulses within trains are currently separated by 889 ns.

300 es for generating stochastic transcriptional pulses without feedback.

301 flagellar genes are activated in stochastic pulses without the means of feedback.