ライフサイエンスコーパス: purifying selection

1 re independent genome segregation, improving purifying selection.

2 o mating types are under different levels of purifying selection.

3 on transport, resulting in a host-beneficial purifying selection.

4 host evolutionary dynamics were dominated by purifying selection.

5 sed diversity is unlikely to reflect relaxed purifying selection.

6 xpressed genes carried signatures of relaxed purifying selection.

7 e CNVs in natural populations are removed by purifying selection.

8 -methylated genes that have undergone strong purifying selection.

9 mutations are purged from the population by purifying selection.

10 tively little is known about epistasis under purifying selection.

11 ity with their targets is maintained through purifying selection.

12 ed for hundreds of millions of years through purifying selection.

13 ir targets have been preserved in mammals by purifying selection.

14 opulation are consistent with the effects of purifying selection.

15 and toward genetic drift with relaxation of purifying selection.

16 number of selected sites and the strength of purifying selection.

17 that duplicated homoeologous genes are under purifying selection.

18 ases but will nevertheless become subject to purifying selection.

19 nserved in the related MERS-CoV and is under purifying selection.

20 est failed to detect a significant signal of purifying selection.

21 frequent variants display distinct signs of purifying selection.

22 ify tissue-specific enhancers evolving under purifying selection.

23 ive genomics to distinguish the signature of purifying selection.

24 es from Mycobacterium tuberculosis are under purifying selection.

25 he seed DEFLs, which predominantly exhibited purifying selection.

26 neofunctionalized genes experience enhanced purifying selection.

27 ed orthologous genes were under more relaxed purifying selection.

28 intragenomic variability coupled with strong purifying selection.

29 ence, may have preceded the current phase of purifying selection.

30 tion of new mutations that are eliminated by purifying selection.

31 show that Pf12 is highly conserved and under purifying selection.

32 nable to distinguish between stabilizing and purifying selection.

33 imate the prevalence of both weak and strong purifying selection.

34 subject to stabilizing selection rather than purifying selection.

35 fic D. paucispinum also evolves slowly under purifying selection.

36 interpreted this as due to lineage-specific purifying selection.

37 at, as a whole, TRAF3IP2 has been subject to purifying selection.

38 g regions, hence, bearing the signatures for purifying selection.

39 human diversity, suggesting lineage-specific purifying selection.

40 ssion changes appear to be purged rapidly by purifying selection.

41 ndergone reverse transcription and are under purifying selection.

42 essed genes and in those undergoing stronger purifying selection.

43 ndicated that Mc1r sequence was likely under purifying selection.

44 n, versus facilitating TE load reduction via purifying selection.

45 ecent accelerated population growth and weak purifying selection.

46 sulted in decreased nef diversity and strong purifying selection.

47 ecificity and regiospecificity and are under purifying selection.

48 ations are deleterious and are eliminated by purifying selection.

49 cestral genes to strict conservation through purifying selection.

50 genomes, de novo sequence manufacturing, and purifying selection.

51 re unfavourable variation is removed through purifying selection.

52 riven processes, but instead reflect relaxed purifying selection.

53 nalysis show that ORF-Y is subject to strong purifying selection.

54 ading frame (uORF) that is subject to strong purifying selection.

55 ies are functional and are undergoing strong purifying selection.

56 hancers show evidence of unusually stringent purifying selection.

57 r clock with omega (dN/dS) suggesting strong purifying selection.

58 rtue of having survived millions of years of purifying selection.

59 opterygian-specific and evolves under strong purifying selection.

60 ppose TE spread: regulated transposition and purifying selection.

61 l start codon that is actively maintained by purifying selection.

62 e-onset effects are kept at low frequency by purifying selection.

63 tations, we show that prfA and hly are under purifying selection.

64 gh benefits), plasmids should decline due to purifying selection [4-6], yet under mutualism (benefits

65 Patterns of purifying selection, a deficit of variants in highly con

66 There was evidence of positive and purifying selection across the genome, but little balanc

67 he ND2 and ND5 genes against a background of purifying selection across the mitogenome.

68 n DENV-2 populations, strongly suggestive of purifying selection across transmission events.

69 Both mechanisms reduce the strength of purifying selection acting in early post-transplantation

70 This relationship, which differs from purifying selection acting on each mimetic pattern, indi

71 or developmental regulators, consistent with purifying selection acting on expression phenotype of pa

72 o that of oncogenes, consistent with relaxed purifying selection acting on the former.

73 population size changes and the strength of purifying selection affect patterns of variation at "neu

74 lated bacterial and archaeal genomes reveals purifying selection affecting AUG codons.

75 flecting both positive selection and relaxed purifying selection after domestication.

76 are in fact very young, exhibit no signs of purifying selection against accumulating mutations, and

77 ; (iii) less variable gene loci evolve under purifying selection against copy number polymorphisms; (

78 A similar investigation of purifying selection against deleterious mutations was al

79 y with metagenomics revealed that systematic purifying selection against deleterious variants governs

80 me, consistent with the long-term effects of purifying selection against introgressed genetic materia

81 dard methods, leverages existing evidence of purifying selection against missense variation on said d

82 ma as the deletion driver and suggest little purifying selection against mtDNA deletions by mitophagy

83 than for germ-line cells, suggesting weaker purifying selection against somatic mutations.

84 fection and compartmentalization, and strong purifying selection all affect the distribution of genet

85 mor is lost through negative selection, with purifying selection almost absent outside homozygous los

86 t be due to differences in the efficiency of purifying selection, an additional pulse of introgressio

87 is-regulatory variation (i) are under weaker purifying selection and (ii) undergo less frequent posit

88 ite analysis identified 13 codons undergoing purifying selection and 1 undergoing positive selection.

89 on is characterized by extensive genome-wide purifying selection and a nonstochastic evolutionary pat

90 pified by consensus p63 binding motifs under purifying selection and are associated with genes involv

91 They are subject to strong purifying selection and associate with Argonautes, consi

92 n the human lineage, many of which are under purifying selection and associated with human cognitive

93 frequency increases, providing evidence that purifying selection and buffering have limited the delet

94 In addition, we find that purifying selection and concerted evolution have acted t

95 ustralian tammar wallaby), with evidence for purifying selection and conservation of a canonical immu

96 conserved among Tenrecidae, with evidence of purifying selection and conservation of fusogenic activi

97 east 25 million years ago, with evidence for purifying selection and conservation of fusogenic activi

98 Carnivora representatives, with evidence for purifying selection and conservation of fusogenic activi

99 tives of higher ruminants, with evidence for purifying selection and conservation of its fusogenic pr

100 combination rates, reflecting the effects of purifying selection and ectopic recombination removing E

101 uate if these genes are under the effects of purifying selection and how that selection compares with

102 often than expected, consistent with reduced purifying selection and incipient pseudogenisation.

103 better understanding of the joint effects of purifying selection and population structure, we focus o

104 e under combined effects of strongly relaxed purifying selection and positive selection, followed by

105 n-host evolution of IBVs is characterized by purifying selection and the general absence of widesprea

106 Finally, RP genes are under purifying selection and thus likely retained an importan

107 g a full-length protein in all simians under purifying selection and with similar shedding capacity.

108 condary structures are a robust indicator of purifying selection and, consequently, molecular functio

109 standard models, even with moderately strong purifying selection, and (2) rates of evolution under pu

110 tutions indicated that these genes are under purifying selection, and bioinformatic prediction of con

111 der positive selection, in four under mostly purifying selection, and in one, results have been mixed

112 ry variation in C. grandiflora is under weak purifying selection, and that gene-specific functional c

113 frequencies, suggesting that they are under purifying selection, and that SVScore identifies deleter

114 ocesses such as genetic drift, balancing and purifying selection, and the effects of selection on lin

115 are transient, continuously being removed by purifying selection, and the genome of Paratyphi A has n

116 etely additive, the mutations that fix under purifying selection are enriched for epistasis.

117 Importantly, such patterns of purifying selection are observed not only on accessory r

118 Conversely, substitutions under purifying selection are subsequently entrenched by epist

119 mong ~100 vertebrates, and thus subjected to purifying selection, are enriched for substitutions invo

120 concatenated protein-coding genes suggested purifying selection as driving force for shaping mitogen

121 ear incompatibilities, hybrid breakdown, and purifying selection as mechanisms that can support speci

122 tiple lines of evidence, we rule out relaxed purifying selection as the cause of uneven nucleotide di

123 Distal bound regions are under purifying selection as well and are enriched for a chrom

124 nce hypothesis and showed evidence of strong purifying selection as well as enrichment in gene catego

125 es, HLA haplotype diversity patterns suggest purifying selection, as certain HLA allele combinations

126 sembly and identify genes under positive and purifying selection, as well as those evolving neutrally

127 We conclude that there is a strong signal of purifying selection at conserved genomic positions withi

128 metric inheritance maintains the efficacy of purifying selection at the level of the cell, the absenc

129 ific GR binding sites, but clear evidence of purifying selection at the small number of conserved sit

130 le mammalian HSPA2 is constrained by intense purifying selection, avian HSPA2 has been subjected to p

131 nd most of these appear to become subject to purifying selection because few persist between separate

132 ndrial genomes in a stable ratio enforced by purifying selection benefiting one genome and a selfish

133 ombination, but it would also compromise the purifying selection benefits of uniparental inheritance.

134 the latter, indicating shifted densities of purifying selection between the two genomes.

135 sidues of these proteins are typically under purifying selection but have, in alpha-proteobacteria, u

136 There is evidence of purifying selection but little evidence of diversifying

137 Most genes are under purifying selection, but disruptive selection was inferr

138 ene is maintained in eukaryotes under strong purifying selection, but is uniquely missing in two majo

139 s are unstable and likely to be lost through purifying selection, but when alternative hosts are avai

140 ctuate rapidly, variation in the strength of purifying selection can explain evolutionary rate variat

141 Yet in finite asexual populations, purifying selection cannot completely prevent the accumu

142 lignment of the ant genomes revealed reduced purifying selection compared with Drosophila without sig

143 genes (pLI >= 0.9), and were under stronger purifying selection compared with SNV-induced missense c

144 reduced diversity and significantly weakened purifying selection compared with the rest of the genome

145 is, which is well adapted to the human host, purifying selection constrains the evolutionary trajecto

146 In a different pairing, opposing selfish and purifying selection counterbalanced to give stable trans

147 yet pervasive, such as reduced efficiency of purifying selection, differences in linked selection and

148 However, under strong purifying selection, drug resistance usually occurs in t

149 to African Americans, consistent with weaker purifying selection due to the Out-of-Africa dispersal.

150 Similar alterations in the strength of purifying selection during cancer development could help

151 oci underlying this disease are under severe purifying selection during evolution; thus, rare variant

152 tion in such obligate hosts are under strong purifying selection during natural virus evolution, maki

153 may be explained by the occurrence of strong purifying selection during the haploid phase of the life

154 types and six lineages identified were under purifying selection during the outbreaks.

155 l differentiation are under strong negative (purifying) selection during evolution; (iii) analysis of

156 results suggest that protein robustness and purifying selection ensure that function is remarkably w

157 ate that coding RT events have signatures of purifying selection equivalent to those of truncating mu

158 uence evolution suggests the hypothesis that purifying selection favoring conservation of ancestral r

159 subfunctionalization of duplicate pairs and purifying selection favoring retention of genes encoding

160 Haplotype diversity is most consistent with purifying selection for HLA Class I haplotypes (HLA-A, -

161 sion and nerve-growth genes, consistent with purifying selection for recently evolved functions.

162 howed a lower level of diversity, reflecting purifying selection for the wild-type genome.

163 ing selection, MHC-DOB was found to be under purifying selection for white-tailed deer.

164 that showed the strongest signatures of weak purifying selection from among 53 candidate asthma-assoc

165 breadth of gene expression and the extent of purifying selection gradually decrease during developmen

166 nonymous to synonymous variants suggest that purifying selection has had stronger effects in rhesus m

167 utrality (P = 4.0 x 10(-9)), indicating that purifying selection has maintained the basic structure o

168 Together, these findings suggest that purifying selection has significantly distorted human ge

169 Despite such expansion, purifying selection has strongly shaped the evolution of

170 because of rapid population growth and weak purifying selection, human populations harbor an abundan

171 ariants associated with positive and relaxed purifying selection in 45 killifish species and 231 wild

172 Finding a signature of purifying selection in a gene is usually interpreted as

173 We show that relaxed purifying selection in all plastid genes is linked to ob

174 y analyses showed that both genes were under purifying selection in bats and mole-rats.

175 iR81(-) binding site, providing evidence for purifying selection in contrast to monocots.

176 ck thereof) for variation in the efficacy of purifying selection in diverse human genomes.

177 ing protein-coding genes are typically under purifying selection in full MHs.

178 synonymous variant supported the presence of purifying selection in Koreans.

179 daptive genome streamlining caused by strong purifying selection in large microbial populations.

180 les, however, show evidence of much stronger purifying selection in maize, reflecting the much larger

181 leneck led to a decline in the efficiency of purifying selection in maize.

182 intragenomic variability coupled with strong purifying selection in microsporidian rRNA sequences sup

183 d from the most recent WGD (alpha) are under purifying selection in modern Arabidopsis populations.

184 Strongly up-regulated genes showed signs of purifying selection in non-coding regions, indicating th

185 These findings imply a strong pressure of purifying selection in protein evolution, which in the c

186 We trace the increasing impact of purifying selection in suppressing the accumulation of n

187 n evolution revealed a significant effect of purifying selection in the concatenated protein-coding g

188 Studies in several systems suggested that purifying selection in the female germline reduces trans

189 ide variant evidence indicative of continued purifying selection in the human lineage, coding-exon sp

190 We demonstrate relaxation of purifying selection in the isolates, leading to enrichme

191 Paradoxically, the efficiency of purifying selection in the malaria life cycle is also gr

192 Recent studies have demonstrated strong purifying selection in the mouse female germline.

193 son restriction, and provide a substrate for purifying selection in the ongoing arms race between gen

194 netic drift, positive selection, and relaxed purifying selection in the process of gene degeneration

195 vel coldspot regions appear to be subject to purifying selection in tumors and are enriched for activ

196 Comparative genomics reveal a strong purifying selection in UCYN-A1 and UCYN-A2 with a divers

197 lpha4 and beta2 nicotinic subunits are under purifying selection in vertebrates, consistent with the

198 is bimodal and dependent on the strength of purifying selection in vivo, a result that derives from

199 nonsynonymous mutations, suggesting stronger purifying selection in Von Damm relative to Piccard.

200 a mutations, which result from relaxation of purifying selection, in residues structurally mapped aft

201 anthionine synthetase evolves under a strong purifying selection, indicating that the diversification

202 table to genetic recombination, abundance of purifying selection, insignificant positive selection an

203 Relaxation of purifying selection is also significantly associated wit

204 r resequencing on the basis of signatures of purifying selection is an efficient means of identifying

205 ns than in Europeans is due to the fact that purifying selection is less effective at removing weakly

206 of complexity in small populations and that purifying selection is not powerful enough to prevent th

207 ans, and in contrast to humans, we find that purifying selection is stronger on the X chromosome than

208 Our results show that although purifying selection is the dominant selective force acti

209 e demographic history of the population) and purifying selection, is lacking.

210 ent drug pressure bears a clear signature of purifying selection leading to apparent genetic stabilit

211 idues across GPCRs experience strong to weak purifying selection, many GPCRs experience positive sele

212 selection, and (2) rates of evolution under purifying selection may be close to, or even exceed, neu

213 opinion offers a very different hypothesis: purifying selection may be due to removing harmful mutat

214 standing variation during periods of relaxed purifying selection may have been important in facilitat

215 els have suggested that even relatively weak purifying selection may produce significant distortions

216 cause, multiple lines of evidence support a purifying selection model above a mutational bias explan

217 ion rate, clusters of genes dominantly under purifying selection (more commonly homozygous) and under

218 ven species of Diadema, bindin evolves under purifying selection, more slowly than in any other sea u

219 hisms in two categories generally subject to purifying selection: nonsynonymous sites and RNA-encodin

220 We found that purifying selection occurred within individual patients,

221 Purifying selection often results in conservation of gen

222 n years old), only three showed evidence for purifying selection (omega </= 0.14).

223 eles suggest a postduplication relaxation of purifying selection on bank vole HBA-T3.

224 n than insertion mutation rates and stronger purifying selection on deletions.

225 nce of which was supported by a signature of purifying selection on DNA sequences of these TEs.

226 However, recently, a model combining purifying selection on haplotypes and balancing selectio

227 e consistent with quasi-sexual evolution and purifying selection on long timescales, we identify new

228 that domestication leads to a relaxation of purifying selection on mitochondrial (mt) genomes was te

229 cking, suggesting that its loss released the purifying selection on MR1.

230 and echolocating cetaceans, contrasting with purifying selection on non-echolocating bats.

231 is detailed analysis detected signatures for purifying selection on regulatory elements as well as co

232 es of intergenic lncRNAs: one showing strong purifying selection on RNA sequence and another where co

233 ong some sequence lineages, and positive and purifying selection on specific codons, supporting its f

234 However, purifying selection on start codons is significantly wea

235 ene sequence comparisons reveals very strong purifying selection on the a1 pheromone peptide and corr

236 rresponding receptor, but significantly less purifying selection on the a2 pheromone peptide that cor

237 Once this specialization occurs, purifying selection on the molecular basis of other phen

238 were created by mutational bias coupled with purifying selection on the protein code.

239 er activity and we cannot detect evidence of purifying selection on the resulting enhancer RNAs withi

240 We find that the strength of purifying selection operating over all intergenic sites

241 ation as a whole also revealed the action of purifying selection or population expansion, whereas IYS

242 ions with higher effects showed evidence for purifying selection, or co-localized with known liver-as

243 lted in different levels of effectiveness of purifying selection, perhaps as an effect of local genom

244 Purifying selection predominates in functionally transfe

245 ost dispersal and associated exchanges, with purifying selection pressure as the principal evolutiona

246 pressure driven by the immune response, and purifying selection pressure asserted by deleterious mut

247 Fittingly, the purifying selection pressure is markedly relaxed in thes

248 We find that relaxation of purifying selection prominently shapes genomes and is a

249 Our results imply that, even under purifying selection, protein sequence evolution is often

250 Imprinted genes themselves have undergone purifying selection, providing a framework of stability

251 n these genomes, we demonstrate that relaxed purifying selection rather than transposition bursts is

252 nse autosomes have been subject to increased purifying selection reducing effective bottleneck times

253 es, such CGIs were found to be under greater purifying selection relative to CGIs upstream of silence

254 enriched for disease genes and under strong purifying selection relative to human orthologs of mouse

255 es of various selection pressures, including purifying selection, relaxed functional constraints, and

256 Strikingly, a clear signal of purifying selection remains even when all these major ca

257 pond to regions under positive/balancing and purifying selection, respectively.

258 is generally attributed to the relaxation of purifying selection resulting from the strong demographi

259 hypothesis suggests that variation is under purifying selection, resulting in an excess of low-frequ

260 population genetics model that incorporates purifying selection, reversible mutations, and genetic d

261 persistent infection, extensive genome-wide purifying selection shaped variant diversity in the stal

262 at our results are consistent with pervasive purifying selection shaping the regulatory architecture

263 lts suggest that brain-expressed exons under purifying selection should be prioritized in genotype-ph

264 Finding a signature of purifying selection should not automatically be consider

265 Consistent with the expected effect of purifying selection, sites in long introns and 0-fold si

266 ter the HGT event, these genes evolved under purifying selection, strongly suggesting they play funct

267 brates retaining CLTCL1, strong evidence for purifying selection supports CHC22 functionality.

268 Our principal finding is that purifying selection tends to eliminate those mutations i

269 Purifying selection tends to reduce nucleotide and haplo

270 hromosome relative to autosomes and stronger purifying selection than for the human X chromosome.

271 n though they are not under higher levels of purifying selection than non-HOT regions.

272 We also find much stronger purifying selection than observed in humans, and in cont

273 ansposases, and might be less constrained by purifying selection than the large chromosomes.

274 find FMRP-associated genes are under greater purifying selection than the remainder of genes and sugg

275 y genes have globally evolved under stronger purifying selection than the remainder of protein-coding

276 s in more conserved genes are under stronger purifying selection than those in less conserved genes.

277 from a combination of the deletion bias and purifying selection that efficiently eliminates nonfunct

278 y to participate in T-dependent responses by purifying selection that selectively eliminates reactivi

279 that CCRs may identify regions under strong purifying selection that, when mutated, cause severe dev

280 l division rates that affect the strength of purifying selection, the balance of drift and selection

281 ; however, if synonymous mutations are under purifying selection, this methodology leads to identific

282 y negatively selected denoting the action of purifying selection, thus rejecting the theory of neutra

283 rs of a heterogeneous mutant pool undergoing purifying selection to determine the contribution of eve

284 lators each exhibited similar intensities of purifying selection to their respective duplicates since

285 Because they are under purifying selection, variants in these elements may have

286 The role of purifying selection was assessed using a modified McDona

287 In both groups, purifying selection was the dominant force shaping HA ge

288 d embryonic genotype in conjunction with the purifying selection we uncovered suggests that embryogen

289 growth than was inferred when the effects of purifying selection were neglected.

290 se non-beneficial plasmids should be lost to purifying selection, whereas beneficial genes carried on

291 GA5 shows signatures of purifying selection, whereas GA5 loss-of-function allele

292 d in low copies across taxa and under strong purifying selection, which are likely to have essential

293 nsights into mechanisms of TE regulation and purifying selection, which reveal the remarkable foresig

294 s conserved in all species were under strong purifying selection while expanded orthologous genes wer

295 fatp6 in most of these populations was under purifying selection with an average d(N)/d(S) ratio of 0

296 revious suggestions, the scaled intensity of purifying selection with synergistic fitness effects is

297 All PCGs showed signs of purifying selection, with K(A)/K(S) <<1 across the whole

298 both STS and CHS evolution are dominated by purifying selection, with no evidence for strong selecti

299 We find that most of the genome is under purifying selection, with only a few key genes evolving

300 plasmy in T cells, a finding consistent with purifying selection within this lineage.

301 al in multimers but deleterious in monomers; purifying selection would then prevent reversion to the