ライフサイエンスコーパス: putrescine

1 inhibitors (IC(50)s decrease 10-20-fold with putrescine).

2 oline and citrulline, and polyamines such as putrescine.

3 cued in culture by the addition of exogenous putrescine.

4 c activity and concentration of its product, putrescine.

5 d slightly decreased levels of intracellular putrescine.

6 ogether synthesize rhizoferrin without using putrescine.

7 increase in synthesis of polyamines such as putrescine.

8 etyl-3-aminopropanaldehyde and spermidine or putrescine.

9 ells was inhibited by high concentrations of putrescine.

10 ese acidic residues modulates the effects of putrescine.

11 hibition by high exogenous concentrations of putrescine.

12 ecause it was prevented by administration of putrescine.

13 involved in the conversion of agmatine into putrescine.

14 i by the short-chain diamines cadaverine and putrescine.

15 defect were only observed with the polyamine putrescine.

16 esence of alpha-difluoromethylornithine plus putrescine.

17 which was reversed by addition of exogenous putrescine.

18 he lowest measured concentration of 1mg/L of putrescine.

19 in xylem even when plants were treated with putrescine.

20 onversion of spermidine and spermine back to putrescine.

21 n plant foods by the external application of putrescine.

22 , leucine, spermidine, and spermine, but not putrescine.

23 acid (0.1-7.5), cis-ChA (1.1-2.2), caffeoyl putrescine (0.6-2.5), sinapoyl hexose (0.1-1.8), N(1),N(

24 Putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane) activates the autoprocess

25 e (2.9-fold), N-acetylputrescine (1.8-fold), putrescine (2.7-fold) and cadaverine (28-fold), which de

26 ere the prevalent amines (100%), followed by putrescine (77%) and cadaverine (14%).

27 Putrescine, a polyamine that is not a sole carbon or nit

28 duct of putrescine catabolism and shows that putrescine accumulates in puuA, puuB, and puuC mutants b

29 novo and therefore obligatorily relies upon putrescine acquisition from the host to meet its nutriti

30 the putrescine binding site, suggesting that putrescine activates the enzyme through electrostatic ef

31 f the enzyme, congruent with the role of the putrescine activator of the mammalian AdoMet decarboxyla

32 hown to encode a hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:putrescine acyltransferase responsible for caffeoylputre

33 The E256Q mutant with putrescine added shows an alternate conformation of His2

34 attachment to VECs was reversed by exogenous putrescine added to DAB-treated trichomonads.

35 Previous studies indicate that putrescine, an intermediate in nicotine biosynthesis, ca

36 The putrescine analog Triamide-44 partially inhibited the up

37 The meu1Delta cells have a higher putrescine and a lower spermidine level than MEU1(+) cel

38 contributing factors include high levels of putrescine and acetylated polyamines, a 50% reduction in

39 uces no Spm/Spd or their precursor compounds putrescine and agmatine.

40 ine (decarboxylated arginine) to N-carbamoyl putrescine and ammonia.

41 nd lower levels of the putrefactive amines - putrescine and cadaverine (p < 0.05).

42 The polyamines (PAs) spermidine, spermine, putrescine and cadaverine are an essential class of meta

43 h-affinity transporters that recognized both putrescine and cadaverine but not spermidine or spermine

44 Cooking process decreased putrescine and cadaverine content, both in conventionall

45 Histamine, putrescine and cadaverine levels increased significantly

46 ved in the presence of the reaction products putrescine and cadaverine to 1.7 and 2.15A, respectively

47 were detected in the 300MPa treatments, but putrescine and cadaverine were detected in the control a

48 Based on the results, histamine, putrescine and cadaverine were selected as input variabl

49 -MS were found to be 0.07 pM and 0.02 pM for putrescine and cadaverine, respectively.

50 nly carried by two small aliphatic diamines, putrescine and cadaverine, which are generated by bacter

51 IS synthetase, synthesizing rhizoferrin from putrescine and citrate.

52 Three metabolites (spermidine, putrescine and glutamine) significantly differed between

53 ycoprotein that catalyzes the degradation of putrescine and histamine.

54 a, CO2, and ATP while converting agmatine to putrescine and is proposed to augment the acid resistanc

55 ulation of the GP pathway shows induction by putrescine and not by a product of putrescine catabolism

56 al, but not plasma, levels of the polyamines putrescine and spermidine as well as the collagen breakd

57 of hydroxycinnamic acids and two polyamines, putrescine and spermidine, is regulated by this transcri

58 1 to be a high affinity transporter for both putrescine and spermidine, whereas expression of LmPOT1

59 Putrescine and spermine, but not spermidine, showed evid

60 utants were expressed and dialyzed to remove putrescine and studied biochemically using X-ray crystal

61 al structure of the mutants with and without putrescine and their complexes with S-adenosylmethionine

62 ermented with caraway (and concentrations of putrescine and tryptamine in the sauerkraut fermented wi

63 ine) when compared to FD (from 1mgkg(-1) for putrescine and tyramine to 4mgkg(-1) for histamine); MS/

64 gmatine serves as the precursor compound for putrescine (and hence spermidine and spermine), which wa

65 els of polyamines (spermidine, spermine, and putrescine) and PGE2, treatment regimens, and risk of CR

66 up-regulation of polyamines (spermidine and putrescine) and potassium may mitigate oxidative stress

67 on with a linear range of 2.0-10.0 mg/mL for putrescine, and 0.1-6.0 mg/mL for cadaverine.

68 , histamine, tryptamine, 2-phenylethylamine, putrescine, and agmatine.

69 Significant amounts of tyramine, putrescine, and cadaverine occurred especially in cheese

70 ine, tyramine, phenylethylamine, tryptamine, putrescine, and cadaverine) and two polyamines (spermidi

71 ine and spermine, increased concentration of putrescine, and inhibited cell growth.

72 N-acetylornithine, D-glucose, putrescine, and L-acetylcarnitine are consumed in relati

73 d levels of dephosphocoenzyme A, spermidine, putrescine, and phosphatidylethanolamines and elevated a

74 The D174N mutant does not bind putrescine, and the E178Q and E256Q mutants bind putresc

75 es and enzymes from the GABA-glutamate, GABA-putrescine, and the glyoxylate pathways significantly in

76 tly decreased the levels of inosine, lysine, putrescine, and xanthine at the gingivitis sites as earl

77 s of DFMO, RS1-Reg mutants, the ODC1 product putrescine, and/or glucose on SGLT1 expressed in oocytes

78 followed by histamine, phenylethylamine and putrescine; and total amine levels were high.

79 lence of cadaverine followed by tyramine and putrescine; and total amine levels were low.

80 rnative pathway from arginine to agmatine to putrescine appears to be absent.

81 access to host spermidine pools, while host putrescine appears to be unavailable for salvage by the

82 ggest that polyamine metabolism and secreted putrescine are linked to host cell adherence and cytotox

83 crophage activation, indicating that ODC and putrescine are regulators of macrophage function.

84 Polyamines and their diamine precursor putrescine are ubiquitous to all organisms and fulfill p

85 level of biofilm correlated to the level of putrescine as measured by high-performance liquid chroma

86 A puuP mutant failed to use putrescine as the nitrogen source, which implies one maj

87 Putrescine as the sole carbon source requires a novel ca

88 We determined pathway utilization with putrescine as the sole nitrogen source by examining muta

89 rce, which implies one major transporter for putrescine as the sole nitrogen source.

90 athways were required to prevent growth with putrescine as the sole nitrogen source.

91 were profoundly influenced by extracellular putrescine availability.

92 Intriguingly, treating plants with putrescine before inoculation accelerated wilt symptom d

93 d was observed, with histamine, tyramine and putrescine being the most abundant in Pignoletto wines.

94 a series of hydrophilic residues connect the putrescine binding site and the active site.

95 e residues that link the active site and the putrescine binding site, suggesting that putrescine acti

96 sible for the majority of the activity ([14C]putrescine-binding assay) in whole brain and liver homog

97 e active site mutations altered the apparent putrescine-binding constant.

98 vidence for coupling between residues in the putrescine-binding site and the active site, consistent

99 suggests that this inhibitor binds both the putrescine-binding site and the active site, providing e

100 AdoMetDC we generated mutations in both the putrescine-binding site and the enzyme active site.

101 The putrescine-binding site is distant from the active site,

102 the active site, providing evidence that the putrescine-binding site of the T. cruzi enzyme has broad

103 Mutations of residues in the putrescine-binding site that resulted in reduced (S111R)

104 In human AdoMetDC, putrescine binds in a buried pocket containing acidic re

105 at swarming in response to the cues required putrescine biosynthesis and pathways involved in amino a

106 n TRV-infected plants and that impairment of putrescine biosynthesis promoted virus multiplication.

107 Also putrescine biosynthesis was upregulated in P. fluorescen

108 or L. pneumophila, Francisella species lack putrescine biosynthetic pathways because of genomic deca

109 The structure of the putrescine-bound enzyme suggests that a bridging water m

110 osed of two citric acid residues linked by a putrescine bridge and thus is identical in structure to

111 tic enzyme ornithine decarboxylase, depleted putrescine but did not produce synergistic cell killing.

112 The oxidative deamination of methylated putrescine by a diamine oxidase activity (DAO) is an imp

113 of the triamine spermidine from the diamine putrescine by fusion enzymes from beta-proteobacterium D

114 The data suggest that generation of putrescine by ODC1 at the TGN stimulates release of SGLT

115 riamide-44 partially inhibited the uptake of putrescine by PlaP and decreased both putrescine stimula

116 nerated from the metabolism of polyamines to putrescine by polyamine oxidase.

117 nopropyl group donor to form spermidine from putrescine by the key enzymes S-adenosylmethionine decar

118 Histamine, putrescine cadaverine and cis-urocanic acid (UCA) have a

119 Putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine showed very good cor

120 Putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine showed very good cor

121 e detection of various biogenic amines (i.e. putrescine, cadaverine) and in the monitoring of spoilag

122 ogenic amines (tryptamine, phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, serotonine, tyramine,

123 The content of eight biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, histamine,

124 The content of seven biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, histamine,

125 cally active molecules which have aliphatic (putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine), aromatic

126 Putrescine, cadaverine, tryptamine, beta-phenylethylamin

127 (GP) pathway but instead induces genes for a putrescine catabolic pathway that starts with a transami

128 termine if dual control regulates a complete putrescine catabolic pathway, we examined expression of

129 , which specify the first two enzymes of one putrescine catabolic pathway.

130 uction by putrescine and not by a product of putrescine catabolism and shows that putrescine accumula

131 drogenase that oxidizes all the aldehydes in putrescine catabolism.

132 The level of the polyamine putrescine compared to the parental speA+ speC+ strain (

133 from cells resistant to growth inhibition by putrescine compared with transport in inverted vesicles

134 biosensors could be used in determination of putrescine concentration in meat samples but improvement

135 Xylem putrescine concentration was unchanged in putrescine-tre

136 These plants secrete agmatine and putrescine conjugates to high levels, indicating that DT

137 SFM)-II, as well as in a defined serum-free, putrescine-containing medium for at least 9 passages (27

138 By the end of the ripening period, the putrescine content in both samples with the addition of

139 Finally, we showed that increments in the putrescine content in TRV-infected plants correlated wit

140 , antioxidant activity, nitrogen, folate and putrescine content were found for small scale beers.

141 d disA, that restored swarming motility to a putrescine-deficient speA mutant of Proteus mirabilis.

142 llular putrescine, plaP was required for the putrescine-dependent rescue of swarming motility.

143 Extracellular spermine, spermidine, and putrescine directly activated TRPV1 in a charge-dependen

144 yamines that directly modulate ion channels, putrescine exerted its effect by altering the balance of

145 rotozoal parasite Trypanosoma cruzi requires putrescine for maximal enzyme activity, but not for proc

146 olobus solfataricus uses arginine to produce putrescine for polyamine biosynthesis.

147 Ornithine decarboxylase produces putrescine from ornithine, but we show here in vitro tha

148 The loop shields putrescine from the external solvent, enhancing its elec

149 n does not induce genes of this glutamylated putrescine (GP) pathway but instead induces genes for a

150 on of flagellar rotation and accumulation of putrescine have been proposed to be sensory mechanisms.

151 factory receptors that detect cadaverine and putrescine have not been identified in any species so fa

152 Of the BA examined, tyramine, putrescine, histamine and cadaverine showed high concent

153 significantly correlated with their sum were putrescine, histamine and tyramine, even if reached leve

154 yramine was the prevalent amine, followed by putrescine, histamine, phenylethylamine and cadaverine.

155 Eight biogenic amines (spermine, spermidine, putrescine, histamine, tyramine, phenylethylamine, cadav

156 a macrocyclic dimer of N-hydroxy-N-succinyl-putrescine (HSP) and is structurally related to desferri

157 In this new study, PlaP, a putative putrescine importer, was characterized in P. mirabilis.

158 dicating that PlaP functioned as the primary putrescine importer.

159 d type, and this defect could be restored by putrescine in a PlaP-dependent manner.

160 etDC is regulated by the polyamine-precursor putrescine in a species-specific manner.

161 transporter capable of exporting the diamine putrescine in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells sele

162 al collard green showed the highest level of putrescine in the leaves compared with organic.

163 g enzyme in the conversion of ornithine into putrescine in the synthesis of polyamines, is reduced in

164 Importantly, dbcAMP and putrescine increase expression of p35, the neuron-specif

165 found that spermidine remained unchanged and putrescine increased by 2.5-fold after 15 h and then dec

166 tion of 4EBP1 and decreased basal as well as putrescine-induced AZ1 expression.

167 Asn decreased the putrescine-induced AZ1 translation.

168 We demonstrated that putrescine induces protozoan trophozoite encystment and

169 rations (>100 microM), or in the presence of putrescine, inhibition was observed.

170 -glutamylation pathway for the conversion of putrescine into GABA is present in some organisms.

171 ediated by an atypical pathway that converts putrescine into GABA, which then activates presynaptic G

172 ed step of nicotine biosynthesis, converting putrescine into N-methylputrescine.

173 These results indicate that putrescine is a pathogen-produced virulence metabolite.

174 The upregulation of p35 by putrescine is also reflected in increased localization o

175 n animal cells and indicate that the diamine putrescine is exported by an arginine transporter contai

176 yamines avidly, with a marked preference for putrescine (Kd=10 nM) over spermidine (Kd=430 nM), but t

177 tor substrate, especially for spermidine and putrescine (Km values of 33 mum and 3.9 mm, respectively

178 By contrast, there was an increase in putrescine level.

179 These findings suggest that spermidine and putrescine levels could be useful markers of postoperati

180 Putrescine levels decreased between baseline and 12 mont

181 We observed that decreasing ODC activity and putrescine levels in Tsc2-RG mice worsened many of the n

182 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT), ODC activity and putrescine levels were dramatically increased in the epi

183 putrescine-treated plants, so the exogenous putrescine likely accelerated disease indirectly by affe

184 e underlying type of infection, showing that putrescine, lysoPCaC18:0 and SM C16:1 are associated wit

185 addition, this previous study suggested that putrescine may act as a cell-to-cell signaling molecule.

186 which associated with levels of calcium, and putrescine measured.

187 Putrescine modified F(ab')2 fragment of anti-amyloid ant

188 We also show that putrescine must be converted to spermidine both in cultu

189 the JA-responsive genes is NtPMT1a, encoding putrescine N-methyl transferase, a key regulatory enzyme

190 Putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) catalyzes the first

191 ed transcription of NtPMT1a, a gene encoding putrescine N-methyltransferase, the first committed step

192 Except of a doubling of putrescine, nicotine treatment also did not change lung

193 letely reversed by addition of the polyamine putrescine or by Chk2 overexpression.

194 of ornithine or micromolar concentrations of putrescine or by complementation with either glycosomal

195 Treatment with putrescine or spermidine blocks myelin-mediated inhibiti

196 Histamine deshydrogenase and putrescine oxidase enzymes were respectively immobilized

197 matic oxidation to 4-aminobutyraldehyde with putrescine oxidase or diamine oxidase as catalysts.

198 easured concentration for the biosensor with putrescine oxidase was 1mg/L.

199 with greatly reduced levels of intracellular putrescine, plaP was required for the putrescine-depende

200 spermidine to norspermine by decreasing the putrescine pool.

201 ic mice, prostatic N(1)-acetylspermidine and putrescine pools were remarkably increased relative to T

202 Putrescine-producing bacterium Ralstonia pickettii synth

203 etabolic routes rose upon desiccation, while putrescine, proline and a variety of sugars rose in wint

204 roxyproline, glycine, leucine+isoleucine and putrescine proved to be useful for differentiating Canno

205 pauA5 was found to be inducible by diamines putrescine (PUT) and cadaverine (CAD) but not by diamino

206 rations increased with time, tyramine (TYR), putrescine (PUT) and cadaverine (CAD) were the most abun

207 Diamine putrescine (Put) and polyamines; spermidine (Spd) and sp

208 e-harvest foliar spraying of grapevines with putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) (0, 1, 2mM) was ev

209 mended with a single PA model compound, i.e. putrescine (PUT) or spermidine (SPD), or with no additio

210 The effects of putrescine (Put) treatment on anthocyanin concentrations

211 The salicylic acid (SA) and putrescine (Put) were sprayed (150 mg/L) on 25 day old c

212 Organic broccoli showed higher levels of putrescine (Put), and cooking resulted in lowering the o

213 d by B. dendrobatidis SPD and its precursor, putrescine (PUT), are the major polyamines detected, and

214 polyamines, including diaminopropane (DAP), putrescine (Put), cadaverine (Cad), and spermidine (Spd)

215 amines; spermine (SPM), spermidine (SPD) and putrescine (PUT), or electrochemical investigation of th

216 Copper amine oxidases oxidize the polyamine putrescine (Put), producing an aldehyde, ammonia, and hy

217 studies have involved three biogenic amines: putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), a

218 taneous determination of histamine (His) and putrescine (Put).

219 se and racemase coupled with SpuC, the major putrescine-pyruvate transaminase, were key components to

220 proteins preferentially bind spermidine and putrescine, respectively.

221 ne and N1-acetylspermidine to spermidine and putrescine, respectively.

222 Exogenous putrescine restored both the normal timing of swarmer ce

223 ted cells in media devoid of l-ornithine and putrescine, resulting in mixed populations stably expres

224 Binding of putrescine results in a reorganization of four aromatic

225 and that this hypusination is necessary for putrescine's ability to overcome inhibition by MAG.

226 Putrescine showed very good correspondence with the leve

227 pplication of two polyamines, Spermidine and Putrescine (SPD-PUT), was tested in multiple combination

228 oved resistance to V. dahliae and maintained putrescine, Spd and Spm at high levels.

229 Oaz1, regulates synthesis of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine by controlling stabi

230 The role of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in phorbol 12-myrist

231 Putrescine, spermidine and spermine were measured as dan

232 to the sequential appearance of fluorinated putrescine, spermidine, acetylated spermidine, and sperm

233 Polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, and cadaverine are small, polyca

234 Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine (i.e., polyamines)

235 The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are required for no

236 Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are the polyamines

237 ompanied by reduced levels of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in mutant infloresc

238 n processes, with intracellular depletion of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine resulting in cellul

239 e studied the ability of natural polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) and a series of th

240 Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are major organic

241 The polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are essential poly

242 Polyamines, such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are physiologicall

243 eadily acetylates various polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine.

244 ferase (vPAT), acetylates polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, cadaverine, and homospermidine p

245 Thus, interactions of natural polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) and polyamine-like pot

246 d) because of the following: (i) addition of putrescine, spermidine, spermine, or N(1)-AcSpd did not

247 Increasing concentrations of putrescine, spermine and spermidine were observed with c

248 The polyamines putrescine, spermine, and spermidine are abundant within

249 es (cadaverine, histamine, phenylethylamine, putrescine, spermine, spermidine, tyramine and tryptamin

250 ake of putrescine by PlaP and decreased both putrescine stimulated swarming and urothelial cell invas

251 icate dual control of patA transcription and putrescine-stimulated patA translation.

252 To probe the structural basis by which putrescine stimulates T. cruzi AdoMetDC we generated mut

253 Putrescine stimulates the k(cat)/K(m) for wild-type T. c

254 e identified residues that are important for putrescine stimulation of activity (F7 and T245), while

255 nteract with the distal primary amine in the putrescine substrate as well as the internal and distal

256 ized to direct putrebactin biosynthesis from putrescine, succinyl-CoA and molecular oxygen.

257 Serum-free media for CHO-K1 cells require putrescine supplementation, because these cells lack the

258 We wanted to examine the effect of decreased putrescine synthesis by inhibition of ornithine decarbox

259 egrade arginine and ornithine, precursors of putrescine synthesis, are activated by either regulators

260 Trichomonas vaginalis secretes putrescine that is readily detected in vaginal secretion

261 ffect of increased ODC activity and elevated putrescine that modify the phenotype in this development

262 Spermine and putrescine, the endogenous polyamine and metabolic produ

263 t was grown in the presence of extracellular putrescine, the intracellular levels of putrescine were

264 Add-back of putrescine, the product of ODC, reversed the increased m

265 For histamine, cadaverine and putrescine, the removal percentages were higher with a l

266 activity-dependent increases in synthesis of putrescine, the simplest polyamine.

267 fects of DFMO were reversible with exogenous putrescine, thus indicating that they are specifically m

268 tive Cdk5 abolishes the ability of dbcAMP or putrescine to enhance neurite outgrowth in the presence

269 speC mutant required >/= 15 microM exogenous putrescine to grow and could not grow alone in xylem eve

270 The ability of dbcAMP and putrescine to overcome inhibition by MAG is abolished in

271 t kinase 5 (Cdk5) is required for dbcAMP and putrescine to overcome MAG-mediated inhibition.

272 synthase (SPDSYN), the enzyme that converts putrescine to spermidine, was created by double-targeted

273 ay of biosynthesis is from ornithine through putrescine to spermidine.

274 ndent sets of enzymes can completely degrade putrescine to succinate and that their relative importan

275 The results show that the binding of putrescine to the wild type dimeric protein is cooperati

276 cating R. solanacearum produced and exported putrescine to xylem sap.

277 Assays of PatA (putrescine transaminase) activity and beta-galactosidase

278 Interestingly, ATP13A3 complemented the putrescine transport deficiency and MGBG resistance of C

279 Putrescine transport was increased in inverted plasma me

280 em putrescine concentration was unchanged in putrescine-treated plants, so the exogenous putrescine l

281 Last, we show that putrescine upregulates p35 expression by serving as a su

282 ing short hairpin RNA, caused an increase in putrescine uptake and a decrease in arginine uptake acti

283 O-MG phenotype demonstrated as a decrease in putrescine uptake and MGBG sensitivity.

284 n of LmPOT1 in Trypanosoma brucei stimulated putrescine uptake that was sensitive to inhibition by pe

285 R. solanacearum synthesized putrescine via a SpeC ornithine decarboxylase.

286 n almost evened out and the concentration of putrescine was >800mg/kg.

287 However, putrescine was an effective repressing molecule at conce

288 capable of robust growth only when exogenous putrescine was supplied in the culture medium, confirmin

289 Putrescine was the amine that showed the highest concent

290 Putrescine was the least concentrated of these substance

291 erformance of the two polyamines (spermidine/putrescine) was enhanced by ratio with CSF Abeta42 (ROC

292 escine, and the E178Q and E256Q mutants bind putrescine weakly with no cooperativity.

293 inine catabolites citrulline, ornithine, and putrescine were detected in supernatants, indicating act

294 ular putrescine, the intracellular levels of putrescine were greatly reduced compared with the speA m

295 Histamine and putrescine were not detected.

296 spermidine and diamine oxidase specific for putrescine, were co-immobilized onto a novel chitosan/co

297 the levels of the polyamines, spermidine and putrescine, were found to be increased which is an indic

298 ed at average concentrations <10mg/L, except putrescine which reached 20.5 +/- 10.2mg/L in Cannonau w

299 he aguBA operon that metabolizes agmatine to putrescine, which can be subsequently converted into oth

300 monas aeruginosa in response to agmatine and putrescine with an emphasis in polyamine catabolism.