ライフサイエンスコーパス: quality-adjusted life year

1 ofiles (i.e., below $50,000 per life year or quality-adjusted life year).

2 cost-effectiveness ratio of pound20 000 per quality-adjusted life-year).

3 cremental cost-effectiveness ratio: $420 000/quality-adjusted life-year).

4 ncremental cost-effectiveness ratio $106 841/quality-adjusted life-year).

5 an therapy vs warfarin therapy (7.94 vs 7.54 quality-adjusted life years).

6 ost-utility (eg, healthcare resource use and quality-adjusted life years).

7 care resources, and impact on health status (quality-adjusted life-years).

8 imary outcome was cost (2014 US dollars) per quality adjusted life year.

9 62%, to $5459 per year, to reach $100000 per quality-adjusted life year.

10 ozantinib of $306,778/life year and $375,470/quality-adjusted life year.

11 ratios of $972,049/life year and $1,189,706/quality-adjusted life year.

12 compared with standard-of-care was $112 603/quality-adjusted life year.

13 emental cost-effectiveness ratio was $36,001/quality-adjusted life year.

14 sources, and determining what to do with the quality-adjusted life-year.

15 f statin plus PCSK9i therapy was $337729 per quality-adjusted life-year.

16 tal cost-effectiveness ratio of $189,000 per quality-adjusted life-year.

17 y accepted societal threshold of $100000 per quality-adjusted life-year.

18 ntal cost-effectiveness ratio of $42,120 per quality-adjusted life-year.

19 llingness-to-pay threshold of AUS$30 000 per quality-adjusted life-year.

20 ratio of SDS versus TAU was pound43 603 per quality-adjusted life-year.

21 cost-effective at pound20 000 ($26 600) per quality-adjusted life-year.

22 mphotericin plus flucytosine was $23 842 per quality-adjusted life-year.

23 ectiveness ratio was $782,598 per additional quality-adjusted life-year.

24 tive at a willingness to pay of $100 000 per quality-adjusted life-year.

25 to make tafamidis cost-effective at $100 000/quality-adjusted life-year.

26 tant S aureus infections and improvements in quality-adjusted life years.

27 ured in discounted life years and discounted quality-adjusted life years.

28 type 2 diabetes mellitus cases, gaining 8749 quality-adjusted life years.

29 type 2 diabetes mellitus cases, and 367 450 quality-adjusted life years.

30 as well as the loss of both productivity and quality-adjusted life-years.

31 ality of life measured in net life-years and quality-adjusted life-years.

32 90 premature deaths from AAA and to gain 577 quality-adjusted life-years.

33 iency ratio was estimated to be euro7770 per quality-adjusted life-years.

34 er years [standard error (SE) 0.007]), fewer quality-adjusted life years (0.023 [SE 0.007] fewer usin

35 58; 95% CI, -$5,586 to $711) and incremental quality-adjusted life years: 0.003 quality-adjusted life

36 s (265 000-274 000) cases, gain 2.44 million quality-adjusted life-years (2.40-2.48), and save $53.2

37 AS compared with Current Pace was $68900 per quality-adjusted life-year ($38300 for black MSM) and wa

38 ffectiveness ratio of $45,320 per additional quality-adjusted life year (= $516/0.011).

39 $44,700-$48,500) and per predicted life-time quality-adjusted life-years $8,460 ($8,060-8,870).

40 cremental quality-adjusted life years: 0.003 quality-adjusted life years (95% CI, -0.003 to 0.008).

41 ental cost-effectiveness ratio = $38,648 per quality-adjusted life year [95% CI, $1,695-$98,522]).

42 hat PKR was more effective (0.240 additional quality-adjusted life-years, 95% CI 0.046 to 0.434) and

43 rence was associated with a 0.12 increase in quality-adjusted life-years, a $4,949 increase in 1-year

44 significant differences in survival time and quality-adjusted life years according to all assessed ba

45 t (willingness-to-pay of $50 000 to $150 000/quality-adjusted life year) accrued under current Medica

46 The economic evaluation considers quality-adjusted life year and cost implications from ra

47 atment strategy resulted in 9.27 per-patient quality-adjusted life years and $304,800 per patient lif

48 tment strategy resulted in 11.48 per-patient quality-adjusted life years and $365,948 per patient lif

49 Utility and effectiveness were measured in quality-adjusted life years and benefit in US dollars.

50 equires a simulation model that can estimate quality-adjusted life years and costs resulting from imp

51 Key events, quality-adjusted life years and costs were predicted.

52 The net effects of niacin-laropiprant on quality-adjusted life years and hospital care costs (201

53 izumab therapy compared with PRP were $55568/quality-adjusted life-year and $662978/quality-adjusted

54 We also estimated predicted life-time quality-adjusted life-years and described resource use a

55 ncremental cost-utility ratios (ICURs) using quality-adjusted life-years and incremental cost-effecti

56 t in greater quality-adjusted survival (0.14 quality-adjusted life years) and less resource use ($401

57 abetes mellitus cases, 1.3 million (0.8-1.9) quality-adjusted life-years, and $57.6 billion (31.9-92.

58 cture; long-term outcomes, such as survival, quality-adjusted life-years, and functional status; rece

59 itus cases, gain 727 000 (401 300-1 138 000) quality-adjusted life-years, and save $31 billion (15.7-

60 If society was willing to pay $100,000 per quality-adjusted life year, any intervention costing les

61 Lifetime net quality-adjusted life-years are positive for most adults

62 ed an additional 0.779 (95% CI, 0.088-1.714) quality-adjusted life years at an additional long-term c

63 tio for PCI compared with MT was $17 300 per quality-adjusted life-year at 2 years and $1600 per qual

64 -adjusted life-year at 2 years and $1600 per quality-adjusted life-year at 3 years.

65 y assessed total 3-year healthcare costs per quality-adjusted life-years at 3 years.

66 d 1.29 (95% uncertainty interval, 0.47-1.75) quality-adjusted life-years at an incremental cost of $1

67 esulted in a gain of 5.2 life years and 4.05 quality-adjusted life years, at an additional lifetime c

68 icant differences in adjusted total costs or quality-adjusted life years between the short- and long-

69 creased lifetime costs by $419 and increased quality-adjusted life years by 0.16.

70 analysis, universal decolonization increased quality-adjusted life years by 1.06% (95% CI, 1.02-1.09)

71 o increase life expectancy by 1.13 years and quality-adjusted life-years by 0.82 years at a cost of $

72 We discounted future costs and quality-adjusted life-years by 3% annually and examined

73 ib generated a gain of 0.18 life years (0.15 quality-adjusted life years) compared with best supporti

74 VD events, diabetes mellitus cases, gains in quality-adjusted life years, costs, and cost-effectivene

75 iabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, quality-adjusted life-years, costs, and cost-effectivene

76 ($7.3-$10.9 million) and health gains >2600 quality-adjusted life-years could be achieved from reins

77 Changes in quality-adjusted life-years, disability-adjusted life-ye

78 tions are described and explained, including quality-adjusted life-years, disability-adjusted life-ye

79 urvival, health-related quality of life, and quality-adjusted life year expectancy of cancer patients

80 herapy is estimated to provide an additional quality-adjusted life year for $337729 .

81 Treatment before LT yielded more quality-adjusted life year for less money than treatment

82 ICU effectiveness was measured by cumulative quality-adjusted life years for 5 years after ICU discha

83 e greater than 30 (incremental value of 0.31 quality-adjusted life years for DCD versus DND SLKT).

84 or less (incremental value of 0.54 and 0.36 quality-adjusted life years for MELD score of 20 or less

85 ness-to-pay threshold of $163,371/life year (quality-adjusted life year) for the German model and $18

86 for the German model and $188,559/life year (quality-adjusted life year) for the US model, cabozantin

87 The quality-adjusted life-year gain per patient was 0.11 (P<

88 $5,564 to $8,092) per patient, and the mean quality-adjusted life-year gain was 0.31 (95% CI, 0.27 t

89 base-case analysis, the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year gained by adding tomosynthesi

90 remental cost-effectiveness ratios (cost per quality-adjusted life year gained) from the societal per

91 ness-to-pay threshold (approximately $83 000/quality-adjusted life year gained); extension to age 22

92 emental cost-effectiveness ratio of $473,400/quality-adjusted life year gained.

93 ,060-equivalent to GDP per capita in Goa-per quality-adjusted life year gained.

94 eatments produces a mean ICER of pound19,850/quality-adjusted life years gained compared to current t

95 ncrease cost-effectiveness (ICER pound15,090/quality-adjusted life years gained).

96 nt Staphylococcus aureus infections averted, quality-adjusted life years gained, and incremental cost

97 1 843 000, and $1 471 000, respectively, per quality-adjusted life-year gained (vs.

98 and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per quality-adjusted life-year gained 36 months after treatm

99 Assuming a threshold of $100 000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained and current drug price

100 inal number needed to treat for 10 years per quality-adjusted life-year gained of 108.

101 at a number needed to treat for 10 years per quality-adjusted life-year gained of 35.

102 inal number needed to treat for 10 years per quality-adjusted life-year gained of 68.

103 ompared with GDMT at an incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained that represents accept

104 The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained was $9333 (95% CI 3862

105 Cost-effectiveness (incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained) was evaluated from a

106 an ICER threshold of less than $100 000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, screening beginning a

107 at a predefined threshold of pound20 000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, was 75% for closed tu

108 on, and a willingness-to-pay of $150 000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, we applied a 3% annua

109 $40 361 per life-year gained and $55 600 per quality-adjusted life-year gained.

110 re system was estimated in terms of cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained.

111 at a willingness to pay of pound 20 000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained.

112 ment before transplant less than US $150 000/quality-adjusted life-year gained.

113 and numbers needed to treat for 10 years per quality-adjusted life-year gained.

114 $35663 (95% CI, cost savings to $235613) per quality-adjusted life-year gained.

115 cells per muL is cost-effective at $900 per quality-adjusted life-year gained.

116 ss ratio of $880 000 (697 000-1 564 000) per quality-adjusted life-year gained.

117 Benefits were measured in quality-adjusted life-years gained.

118 ved bundle adherence on healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life-years in the year following ICU ad

119 5% prediction interval: 82,000, 183,000) per quality-adjusted life-year, in comparison with the strat

120 st-effectiveness studies presenting cost per quality-adjusted life year, incremental cost-effectivene

121 willingness-to-pay threshold of $50 000 per quality-adjusted life year, LAA closure was cost effecti

122 adherence on inpatient and 1-year mortality, quality-adjusted life-years, length of stay, and costs o

123 Quality-adjusted life-year loss and economic costs were

124 vative estimates for willingness to pay, the quality-adjusted life-year loss translated to an individ

125 3 score correlated with 5.5 average lifetime quality-adjusted life-years lost per patient.

126 , we nonetheless estimate a 95% reduction in quality-adjusted life-years lost with a switch to the co

127 ingness-to-pay threshold of pound 20 000 per quality-adjusted life-year, manipulation under anaesthes

128 reast cancer deaths averted, life-years, and quality-adjusted life-years); number of mammograms used;

129 dverse events in 6 months, and the costs per quality adjusted life-year of the two treatments.

130 costs (in US dollars) and effectiveness (in quality-adjusted life years, or QALYs) of treatment comp

131 pproximately pound 12,900 (US$15,694.20) per quality-adjusted life years over a 5-year time horizon.

132 s in wP vaccine-related adverse effects, and quality-adjusted life-years owing to changing vaccine sc

133 and type 2 diabetes mellitus cases averted, quality-adjusted life-years, policy costs, health care,

134 g a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/quality-adjusted life year; pricing below $18,450/year i

135 The additional quality adjusted life years (QALY) with intervention was

136 We calculated the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and varied model input

137 , lifetime usefulness, and lifetime cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) for the treatment of R

138 ness ratios (ICERs) in 2015 U.S. dollars per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained and number of f

139 The primary outcome was incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained from each diagn

140 e USD 41,046 per treatment was USD 9,080 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained in 60-year-old

141 willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained was used to det

142 5 (100 years) to pound 18,513 (20 years) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained with V-MMRV; an

143 ICER) as the incremental cost in dollars per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained.

144 os (ICERs), defined as incremental costs per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained.

145 ominated control with lower costs and higher Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) gains.

146 cost-effectiveness ratio of pound 1,359 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY), but there was insuffi

147 cost-effectiveness threshold of pound20 000/quality-adjusted life year (QALY).

148 ness ratios (ICERs) are reported in 2016 US$/quality-adjusted life years (QALY), discounted 3% annual

149 fferences in total lifetime cost of care and quality-adjusted life years (QALY).

150 compared with bevacizumab were $1110000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and $1730000 per QALY,

151 V cross-protection, the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained by additional 9

152 sity surveillance cost less than $30 000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained compared with l

153 st-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in dollars per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained indicates wheth

154 er epidemiological findings and the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, as well as the

155 er epidemiological findings and the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, as well as the

156 1 (95% credible interval 12 662-132 452) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, pound372 207 (

157 rted; cost per life-year saved; and cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.

158 rred over FIT at a threshold of $100,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.

159 as reduced by 58.1% at a cost of $57,180 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.

160 l willingness-to-pay thresholds: $50 000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) in all markets and $20

161 Compared with no screening, mean cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of screening all admis

162 Incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) was determined with th

163 infarction, or stroke), incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), and total effect on U

164 threshold of 100 000 Swiss Francs (CHF) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), comprehensive general

165 n, ischemic stroke and cardiovascular death, quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), incremental cost-effe

166 At a threshold of $50,000 USD per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), the report concludes

167 Rs ranged by age from $10 000 to $47 000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), using a societal pers

168 iveness ratio (ICER), expressed as euros per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), was calculated from a

169 ffectiveness ratios, expressed as dollar per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), were calculated with

170 f society is willing to pay pound 30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY).

171 lated health care cost per life-year and per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY).

172 ost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was <$100 000/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY).

173 l cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $27 251/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY).

174 reening, the reference scenario saved 51,000 quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) and had an incrementa

175 an liver disease costs were used to evaluate quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) and incremental cost-

176 t-effectiveness ratios, measured in cost per quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) gained.

177 Outcomes included quality-adjusted life-years (QALY); cases identified, tr

178 fe (range: 0 [dead] to 1 [full health]); and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY; range: 0 [dead] to 0.

179 Quality-adjusted-life-year (QALY) will be estimated taki

180 projected to provide a lifetime gain of 0.32 quality-adjusted life-years ([QALY]; 0.41 LY) with 3% di

181 and incremental cost effectiveness (cost per quality-adjusted life year [QALY] gained) for TTT in eac

182 55-year-old patients (less than $100 000 per quality-adjusted life-year [QALY] gained), while contras

183 with the brief intervention ( pound2394 per quality-adjusted life-year [QALY]) and the 12-week progr

184 cremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER, $/quality-adjusted life-year [QALY]).

185 LAAC was cost-effective at 7 years ($42,994/quality-adjusted life-years [QALY]), and NOACs were cost

186 gement and the clinical benefit expressed as quality adjusted life years (QALYs) in a large group of

187 ates the expected lifetime medical costs and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) of hypothetical coho

188 red with status quo, this strategy increased quality-adjusted life year (QALYs) by 69,700 and costs b

189 owed there to be a small benefit in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) (0.0325, 95% CI -0.0

190 was associated with 6.47 (95% CI, 5.89-6.93) quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and a total cost of

191 Effects were measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost

192 to biomarkers, protocol biopsy yielded more quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at lower cost.

193 ure are subsequently converted into gains in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) by applying National

194 ov model was developed to estimate costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) comparing between th

195 ime horizon to estimate costs (2016 US$) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for treatment sequen

196 , we calculated the total cost and number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained.

197 differences in lifetime costs of $16 740 and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of 0.08, yield an in

198 We projected discounted lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) over a 10-year time

199 t-utility analysis estimating mean costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) per patient from the

200 to lower costs of -$3077 and 0.37 additional quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) per patient.

201 The impact in total quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was relatively modes

202 The 10-year quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were also lower afte

203 years, discounted lifetime costs, discounted quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cos

204 economic evaluation were total costs, total quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cos

205 Lifetime direct health care costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cos

206 sted differences in healthcare resource use, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and productivity lo

207 Deaths averted, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), cost, and increment

208 uded health benefits expressed as discounted quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs in U.S. dolla

209 deceased donor kidney allocation in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs, and access t

210 Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs, and incremen

211 Corresponding increases in survival, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs, and resultin

212 al outcomes were costs (in 2018 dollars) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), discounted at 3% an

213 estimated CVD and diabetes cases prevented, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), health-related cost

214 We estimated cost effectiveness based on quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), taking a public sec

215 Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), total cost, disease

216 ained from fewer infections were measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).

217 rin and apixaban relative to no treatment in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).

218 visual acuity were used to derive costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).

219 gated by comparing mean cumulative costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).

220 ing a visual analog scale, then converted to quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).

221 gent repair, and recurrence; lifetime costs; quality-adjusted life years (QALYs); and incremental cos

222 costs (in US dollars) and effectiveness [in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)] of using teduglutid

223 d temozolomide resulted in increases of 0.13 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and $80,000 per pati

224 Outcome Measures: Discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and discounted costs

225 It is also unclear how they relate to quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and funding recommen

226 effectiveness outcome was the difference in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) between groups from

227 an 0.018 (95% CI -0.014 to 0.051) additional quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) compared with those

228 ous adverse events and subsequent costs, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for intensive contro

229 Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for use in cost-util

230 The respective number of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained in the test a

231 health benefit (NHB), which was measured as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained or lost by in

232 veness based on models of expected costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained that used dat

233 of major cardiovascular events prevented and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained, and screenin

234 Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained, costs from t

235 nomic outcome of lifetime societal costs per quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained.

236 luded cost-utility ratios (CURs), costs, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained.

237 k reduction of 50%), the incremental gain in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) was determined using

238 The greatest number of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) was generated by ris

239 In-trial quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were similar (2.28 v

240 outcomes were the number of HIV infections, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and costs.

241 Outcome Measures: Incremental costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cos

242 ted costs (in 2015 U.S. dollars), discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cos

243 changes in HIV prevalence, discounted costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cos

244 main outcomes were costs (2018 US dollars), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cos

245 mated reduction in HIV incidence among PWID, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cos

246 ain conferred by limited vitrectomy was 2.38 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and the average cos

247 ained viral response, deaths, medical costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and the incremental

248 s averted 4 CRCs and 2 CRC deaths, gained 14 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), cost $33,900/QALY g

249 uded health benefits expressed as discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs in US dollars

250 Hospitalizations, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs, and incremen

251 Outcome measures were discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs, and incremen

252 Outcome Measures: Life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs, heart failur

253 Life-years (LYs), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), direct medical expe

254 in Outcomes and Measures: Lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), discounted at 3% an

255 me breast cancer deaths, life expectancy and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), false-positive mamm

256 Outcomes included lifetime HF risk, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), lifetime costs, and

257 Endpoints were survival, life expectancy, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), number and percenta

258 in outcomes included averted HIV infections, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), total cost (in 2018

259 Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), total costs (in US

260 We also calculated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs).

261 Outcomes were assessed in terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs).

262 (2 consecutive detectable viral loads), and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs).

263 res: Average lifetime costs, life-years, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs).

264 mes were HIV incidence, mortality, costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs).

265 s compared health and social care costs with quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs).

266 The primary outcome measure was quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs).

267 Effectiveness was measured in terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs).

268 ained from fewer infections were measured in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs).

269 ed, change in HIV prevalence, and discounted quality-adjusted life years [QALYs]), and incremental co

270 creasing benefits (6.034 to 6.221 discounted quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs] per patient with mon

271 osts (in US dollars) and health outcomes (in quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs]) over a lifetime hor

272 estimate the discounted cost, effectiveness (quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs]), and incremental co

273 (cost-per-accurate diagnosis) and long term (quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs]).

274 ($346 007) and highest health benefits (9.26 quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs]).

275 mpared costs (2018 USD) and health outcomes (quality-adjusted life-years, QALYs) between cohorts will

276 $50000/quality-adjusted life-year to $150000/quality-adjusted life-year range frequently cited as cos

277 and dabigatran were $20 486 and $23 422 per quality-adjusted life year, respectively.

278 te incremental costs (2016 U.S. dollars) and quality-adjusted life years, respectively while adjustin

279 it was less effective (8.44, 8.54, and 8.59 quality-adjusted life years, respectively) and more cost

280 55568/quality-adjusted life-year and $662978/quality-adjusted life-year, respectively, over 2 years.

281 remental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs, $/quality-adjusted life-year saved [QALY]; threshold <=$10

282 as given in this trial is within the $50000/quality-adjusted life-year to $150000/quality-adjusted l

283 effect was genuine, the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year was pound56,811 in the base c

284 willingness-to-pay threshold of $150 000 per quality-adjusted life year was used to determine cost-ef

285 -215 to 623; p=0.320) and mean difference in quality-adjusted life-years was 0.015 (95% CI -0.004 to

286 cost effectiveness ratio below $100,000 per quality-adjusted life year were considered cost effectiv

287 Costs and quality-adjusted life years were discounted at 3%.

288 total mean (95% CI) 3-year costs per 3-year quality-adjusted life-years were $46,000 ($44,700-$48,50

289 Three-year costs per 3-year quality-adjusted life-years were $61,100 ($57,900-$64,40

290 Quality-adjusted life-years were also calculated.

291 Changes in quality-adjusted life-years were assessed with utilities

292 Quality-adjusted life-years were virtually identical in

293 British pounds, pound) and health utilities (quality-adjusted life years) were used to calculate mean

294 alth service costs and benefits (measured as quality-adjusted life-years) were estimated.

295 ack-calculated using the lifetime discounted quality-adjusted life year (which includes effectiveness

296 imal strategy (cost, $19 839; utility, 25.86 quality-adjusted life years), which becomes more favorab

297 ated telemedicine in the ICU to extend 0.011 quality-adjusted life years with an incremental cost of

298 The discounted quality-adjusted life years with UDCA and OCA+UDCA were

299 equivalent utility (11.5 vs 11.4 discounted quality-adjusted life years) with lower total cost ($52.

300 its was within accepted US norms ($53925 per quality-adjusted life year, with 98% likelihood of meeti