ライフサイエンスコーパス: rainfall

1 or reduced (~40% of rainfall removed) summer rainfall.

2 locally determined unexpected variations in rainfall.

3 fter a 4-year period with smaller wet season rainfall.

4 tively decoupled from the booms and busts in rainfall.

5 diversity does not continually increase with rainfall.

6 riability in dictating past and future Sahel rainfall.

7 esiccation in semiarid regions with seasonal rainfall.

8 s of arthropods would be lower under reduced rainfall.

9 information about the timing and location of rainfall.

10 1%, 10%) compared with weeks with no extreme rainfall.

11 the responsiveness of primary production to rainfall.

12 regions receiving 1%-36% of their historical rainfall.

13 iversity were not affected by temperature or rainfall.

14 varied across gradients in soil texture and rainfall.

15 ed as a function of observed temperature and rainfall.

16 nary diversity above 1,490 mm of mean annual rainfall.

17 ype and count of aquatic habitats, and daily rainfall.

18 ge was correlated with either temperature or rainfall.

19 is positively associated with the amount of rainfall.

20 he forest was minor in years with an average rainfall.

21 luential in determining future trends in ISM rainfall.

22 e to variations in [CO(2) ], temperature and rainfall.

23 significant relationships between HF183 and rainfall 8-14 days prior to sampling and between total c

24 to sampling and between total coliforms and rainfall 8-14 or 0-14 days prior to sampling.

25 predation risk and/or food availability) and rainfall (a proxy for food availability), did not affect

26 nness) respond to extreme heat, drought, and rainfall across a wide range of temporal scales.

27 sified by global warming has favored extreme rainfall across the subtropics.

28 ndian Ocean Dipole (IOD) affects climate and rainfall across the world, and most severely in nations

29 nd measure how manipulation of the amount of rainfall affected the fitness of 517 natural Arabidopsis

30 ship between ecosystem productivity and mean rainfall amounts across sites (in space) and have a low

31 Changes in rainfall amounts and patterns have been observed and are

32 vantage of four wet seasons with contrasting rainfall amounts.

33 after a 4-year period with larger wet season rainfall and 30 nests after a 4-year period with smaller

34 ting model of YF transmission to account for rainfall and a temperature suitability index and project

35 il carbon stocks was triggered by increasing rainfall and associated enhanced soil respiration rates.

36 en understanding of the relationship between rainfall and diarrheal illness.

37 PTDs were mainly driven by rainfall and exhibited no significant differences among

38 and livestock production areas with reliable rainfall and fertile soils.

39 lor, to determine the impact of temperature, rainfall and group size on body mass change and interann

40 ion of the WNPSH implies more future monsoon rainfall and heatwaves but less typhoon landfalls over E

41 owed albatrosses, the combination of extreme rainfall and high rabbit density explained 33% of total

42 y evolves only under harsh conditions of low rainfall and high temperature variability and never unde

43 g drought conditions with less river runoff, rainfall and higher ocean salinities.

44 relied on interpolated weather station total rainfall and maximum 24-h rainfall intensities.

45 Seasonality (rainfall and periods of phytoprogestin consumption) addi

46 Feces deposited in areas of higher rainfall and reduced visibility originated from larger h

47 amental part in ecosystems and where intense rainfall and seasonal flooding can result in considerabl

48 eals a negative relationship between monsoon rainfall and soil organic carbon stocks on a millennial

49 We investigated how changes in seasonal rainfall and temperature influence vital rates and viabi

50 Changes in rainfall and temperature patterns likely play a major ro

51 The patterns of genetic response to rainfall and temperature varied and were complex.

52 carbon sink is out of phase with wintertime rainfall and the sink seasonality of Southern California

53 cels and introduced by demolition may absorb rainfall and thereby diminish stormwater runoff.

54 ture of global warming, could increase local rainfall and through teleconnections strengthen surface

55 of tropical weather systems such as monsoon rainfall and tropical cyclones.

56 13 assessments) to evaluate the link between rainfall and undernutrition in children under age 5 year

57 mite attests to the constant availability of rainfall and vegetated soils, while its delta(13)C-delta

58 d losses in past decades due to both extreme rainfall and water limited conditions, though the degree

59 s predicted to induce shifts in temperature, rainfall and/or sea levels.

60 ual variability are controlled regionally by rainfall and/or temperature.

61 ing altitude, temperature, and precipitation/rainfall) and in presence/absence of virus infections; w

62 tors such as ambient temperature, season and rainfall, and biotic factors such as body mass, age, soc

63 e relationship between Vairimorpha loads and rainfall, and differences in pathogens by geographic reg

64 Flash flood is mainly initiated by intense rainfall, and due to its rapid onset (within six hours o

65 ionship between rainfall, especially extreme rainfall, and increases in waterborne infectious disease

66 stems, are strongly affected by variation in rainfall, and respond negatively to habitat disturbance.

67 al climatic parameters, such as temperature, rainfall, and snow amount have already been observed.

68 affected by higher temperature or decreasing rainfall; and (c) was more affected by increased rainfal

69 ip in regions where yields are buffered from rainfall anomalies by irrigation infrastructure and find

70 he sampling method used to derive Cumulative Rainfall Anomalies does not appear to actually reflect a

71 Rainfall anomalies have long occupied center stage in po

72 Here we identify how rainfall anomalies impact observed patterns of cropped a

73 This variability in ISM rainfall appears to be modulated by the Atlantic Multi-d

74 Sudden reductions in rainfall are likely to have acute adverse effects on chi

75 of low rainfall but that the effects of low rainfall are mitigated by increases in group size and bo

76 In contrast, predicted increases in rainfall are not likely to increase the overall deterior

77 We also calculated daily mean stratiform rainfall area fractions around each station over an area

78 ed from high (Gatton) and medium (St George) rainfall areas of the northern grain region of Australia

79 timates of vector habitat availability using rainfall as a proxy.

80 likely experience lower and more unreliable rainfall as climatic conditions change over the next cen

81 us studies, this implicates temperature, not rainfall, as the principal driver of Mg variability.

82 The most direct impact was the increase in rainfall associated with hurricanes and El Nino, resulti

83 itivity of vegetation productivity to annual rainfall at a given site, even though observation uncert

84 y to September there is a declining trend in rainfall at the coastline, whereas the interior only sho

85 = 13) for the Mariana Trench compared to the rainfall average of 0.13 (+/-0.05, n = 8) in the central

86 r LOW (fortnightly) or HIGH (weekly) average rainfall based upon climate models and the previous 100

87 fall; and (c) was more affected by increased rainfall because N leaching was more critical.

88 e fecundity is reduced during periods of low rainfall but that the effects of low rainfall are mitiga

89 reflect the isotopic differences observed in rainfall (but delta(18)O values do not).

90 vival are also reduced during periods of low rainfall, but only in smaller groups.

91 thropogenic emissions in the model increases rainfall by 10-70% over densely populated regions in Ind

92 It has been proposed that rainfall can modulate shallow volcanic activity(2,3), bu

93 s closely-related species adapted to varying rainfall can provide insights into plant habitat distrib

94 ved sensitivity of ecosystem productivity to rainfall changes at 10 sites across the globe, in nine o

95 Here we investigate rainfall changes in the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (~ 3 Ma

96 Many Holocene hydroclimate records show rainfall changes that vary with local orbital insolation

97 At centennial scales, high rainfall characterised the Little Ice Age (~1450-1850 CE

98 The model realistically captures hourly rainfall characteristics, unlike coarser resolution mode

99 al control of fluxes in this highly variable rainfall climate and demonstrates the ability of these d

100 nfall events) and longer-term precipitation (rainfall conditions antecedent to these extreme events)

101 impact of varying [CO(2) ], temperature and rainfall conditions on maize yield, for different nitrog

102 term extreme rainfall events and longer-term rainfall conditions on salmonellosis incidence, our find

103 e interaction between extreme and antecedent rainfall conditions, wet periods were associated with a

104 Intensification of rainfall cycles, ranging from frequent downpours to seve

105 e limited fidelity typical of spatiotemporal rainfall data sets biases effect estimates towards the n

106 The short-term effect of rainfall decreases fire size and intensity but cumulativ

107 ge increased the likelihood of the 2015-2017 rainfall deficit by a factor of five to six.

108 thropogenic global warming to this prolonged rainfall deficit has previously been evaluated through o

109 e probability of occurrence of multiyear SSA rainfall deficits in past and future decades.

110 r 2 to 4 y of severe (>40%) and intensifying rainfall deficits.

111 ur meta-analysis suggests that the effect of rainfall depends on the antecedent conditions.

112 tensities of herbivory, decreased amounts of rainfall during growing seasons, and natural processes t

113 tment (REF), experienced higher than average rainfall during the experiment.

114 t yield potential is poor, especially in low rainfall environments.

115 egional and global scale, tropical cyclones' Rainfall erosivity is poorly assessed and have not been

116 Though, there were Rainfall erosivity studies on regional and global scale,

117 The relationship between rainfall, especially extreme rainfall, and increases in

118 filtering framework that generates improved rainfall estimates by updating radar rainfall fields wit

119 ts occur throughout a wide range of seasonal rainfall, even simultaneously under normal weather.

120 low precipitation years, RUE is lowest when rainfall event sizes are relatively large, and when a la

121 rea, French Polynesia experienced an extreme rainfall event.

122 sonal prediction models captured the extreme rainfall event.

123 n increase in the average annual duration of rainfall events and debris flow occurrence can be observ

124 , suggesting increased likelihood of extreme rainfall events and intensification of the hydrologic cy

125 Given the associations of short-term extreme rainfall events and longer-term rainfall conditions on s

126 experience more frequent/severe droughts and rainfall events as a consequence of increasing greenhous

127 eveal the global coupling pattern of extreme-rainfall events by applying complex-network methodology

128 We show that extreme-rainfall events in the monsoon systems of south-central

129 heir inability to simulate intense and short rainfall events mask effects of soil structure on surfac

130 ns between short-term precipitation (extreme rainfall events) and longer-term precipitation (rainfall

131 tation regimes dominated by fewer but larger rainfall events, already documented over much of the glo

132 high-altitude atmospheric humidity and heavy rainfall events, but those events did not alleviate seve

133 tal reservoirs of Salmonella following heavy rainfall events, especially during the rainy season, may

134 wet and dry years and the size of individual rainfall events.

135 However, some tropical regions display rainfall evolution that differs from gradual precessiona

136 10 sites across the globe, in nine of which, rainfall exclusion and/or irrigation experiments had bee

137 d the observed productivity responses due to rainfall exclusion than addition.

138 During Hurricane Otto, rainfall exhibited a large isotopic range, comparable to

139 effect interacted with the long-term annual rainfall experienced by the soil community.

140 tions are rising, the climate is warming and rainfall experiences booms and busts, remains an unanswe

141 vents (which included presence and amount of rainfall) explained only 5% of the variance.

142 timated associations between temperature and rainfall exposures and diarrhea and [Formula: see text]

143 mproved rainfall estimates by updating radar rainfall fields with windshield wiper observations.

144 opical cyclone hazards: peak sustained wind, rainfall, flooding, and tornadoes.

145 ng (ambient vs. +4 degrees C increase), high rainfall (flushing) events (no events vs. seasonal event

146 e explained by the background level of rain: Rainfall following dry periods can flush pathogens into

147 ater, increasing diarrhea incidence, whereas rainfall following wet periods can dilute pathogen conce

148 d to either drought (25% ambient) or ambient rainfall for 6 months.

149 Deviations in rainfall for May 2014-June 2016 were estimated using pre

150 lation (NAO) were found for fulmars and with rainfall for murres, after a time lag of 4-9 yr between

151 precessional pacing, suggesting that direct rainfall forcing effects were predominantly driven by se

152 with drought defined as <15% of the average rainfall from 1981 to 2016.

153 ut of the amount and oxygen-isotope ratio of rainfall from an isotope-enabled climate model.

154 urrent study, we collected wet-only and bulk rainfall from four precipitation chemistry monitoring st

155 ong with average temperature in July and the rainfall from June to September, influence seed oil cont

156 For example, excessive rainfall from storms rapidly lowers salinity, which can

157 ween radiation forcing, air temperature, and rainfall generate a rate-dependent hysteresis, explainin

158 experiment with species originating across a rainfall gradient (188-1,125 mm/year) across South-East

159 with a median crown size of 12 m(2), along a rainfall gradient from 0 to 1,000 mm per year.

160 tropical forest to climatic changes along a rainfall gradient.

161 tible availability was high: temperature and rainfall had net positive and negative effects respectiv

162 th increasing wet season length, mean annual rainfall had no systematic effect on rooting depth.

163 s were earlier in warmer years, while summer rainfall had opposing associations with collection date

164 Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) rainfall has a direct effect on the livelihoods of two b

165 r-suggest that: increasing autumn and winter rainfall has resulted in increasing floods in northweste

166 Changes in rainfall have also been observed with more events associ

167 e show that changes in Indian Summer Monsoon rainfall have controlled the residence time of soil carb

168 t the increased probabilities of high (less) rainfall, high (low) minimum temperature and low (modera

169 ze the expected carbon gain under stochastic rainfall in a competitive environment.

170 cords indicating a major decrease of monsoon rainfall in MSEA during the mid- to late Holocene, coinc

171 Indian Ocean, causing a reduction in monsoon rainfall in MSEA.

172 ainfall projected in East China and 36% less rainfall in Southeast Asia than suggested by the multi-m

173 in salinity (from > 30ppt to < 5ppt) due to rainfall in the catchments, with hypo-salinity persistin

174 shows that current drivers of the amount of rainfall in the Mediterranean share some similarities to

175 omass effects were not significant for heavy rainfall in the middle of the growing season.

176 ted increases of 20% in hurricane-associated rainfall in the North Atlantic highlight the need to con

177 Deviations in rainfall in the year before the survey date were measure

178 nd indirect mechanisms underlie responses to rainfall, including physiological, top-down, and food-re

179 lan speleothem showing that Central American rainfall increased within a 2000 yr period from a persis

180 st interglacial (e.g., 125, 105 ka)-regional rainfall increases due to both wetter winters and the in

181 ermodynamic arguments imply that global mean rainfall increases in a warmer atmosphere; however, dyna

182 in rainfall modification and highlight that rainfall increases not only downwind of the city but als

183 Whether rainfall increases or decreases diarrhea rates is unclea

184 g decreased in samples under extended spring rainfall, indicating that long-term climate alteration c

185 However, the global scale of rainfall-induced productivity shocks on changes in cropl

186 ther station total rainfall and maximum 24-h rainfall intensities.

187 ore and during the eruption, infiltration of rainfall into Kilauea Volcano's subsurface increased por

188 ontrast to the modern regional climate where rainfall is delivered predominantly in winter months alo

189 large, and when a larger proportion of total rainfall is derived from large events.

190 In addition, early-life rainfall is positively correlated with attainment in Wes

191 e for variable contributions of mercury from rainfall is provided by even-mass independent isotope va

192 Modelling vegetation responses to changes in rainfall is thus crucial to project water and carbon cyc

193 er, including heat waves, droughts, and high rainfall, is becoming more common and affecting a divers

194 esults shed light on key processes governing rainfall isotope ratios in the MAC region during contine

195 Erratic rainfall leading to flash flooding causes huge yield los

196 observed patterns in productivity changes in rainfall manipulation experiments but had a low capacity

197 We discuss how these enhanced rainfall maps can be used to improve flood warnings and

198 marine ecosystems, and episodic but extreme rainfall may drive high fluxes to marine communities.

199 lts suggest that, in rural Tamil Nadu, heavy rainfall may wash pathogens that accumulate during dry w

200 Rainfall mobilizes and transports anthropogenic sources

201 te picture of the role of urban processes in rainfall modification and highlight that rainfall increa

202 ow variation in the quantity and evenness of rainfall modulates trophic structure in 210 natural fres

203 AI was found to be a function of mean rainfall: more positive AIs were found in dry areas wher

204 Torrential rainfall occurred planetwide some of which entered Gale

205 ased estimated health effects due to extreme rainfall (occurrence) and wet conditions (accumulated to

206 0 to - 3 per mille), while 70% of the annual rainfall occurs during autumn.

207 e two regimes corresponding to a mean annual rainfall of 200-400 mm/year.

208 0 d) with rainfall of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 1.12, 2.02), an

209 f population susceptibility, temperature and rainfall on dengue transmission empirically, our model i

210 tionship between group size and variation in rainfall on dominant female fecundity, body mass, and of

211 risk factor, corroborating the influence of rainfall on forest damage.

212 buffer the negative effects of variation in rainfall on the fecundity and body mass of breeding fema

213 We also consider the role of rainfall on the species' wintering grounds in North Afri

214 sources of contamination, and the effect of rainfall on well water quality.

215 We found that rainfall only increases fertility in higher altitude loc

216 ow of immediate availability in which I from rainfall or irrigation remains in soil solution and avai

217 when grown at elevated temperatures, reduced rainfall, or both combined.

218 ating temporal variability in growing season rainfall over a wide range of precipitation amounts, fro

219 eases fire size and intensity but cumulative rainfall over several years leads to increased standing

220 rm pool and the MJO are related to increased rainfall over southeast Asia, northern Australia, Southw

221 on and with species that experience variable rainfall over summer months when seeds usually mature.

222 e significantly associated with above normal rainfall (p < 0.05); while dengue in Brazil and southeas

223 Semi-arid Australia has a highly variable rainfall pattern, making it an ideal system to study how

224 n bacterial diversity for each soil type and rainfall pattern.

225 lation (ENSO) have major impacts on regional rainfall patterns around the globe, with substantial env

226 f historic eruption occurrence suggests that rainfall patterns contribute substantially to the timing

227 Cave speleothems suggest that summer monsoon rainfall periodically reaches as far north as Israel-wel

228 s from the lake into the estuary during high rainfall periods.

229 r of leaves and biomass, however, the medium rainfall population of R. rugosum produced more seeds th

230 R. rugosum produced more seeds than the high rainfall population when planted in April.

231 nd-sea thermal contrast, leading to 28% more rainfall projected in East China and 36% less rainfall i

232 are adapted to drought and take advantage of rainfall pulses, and more negative AIs were found in wet

233 perature increased by 1 degrees C and annual rainfall ranged between 133 and 890 mm/year.

234 Examination of continuous rainfall records for coastal NC since 1898 reveals a per

235 he UK Met Office's long-term temperature and rainfall records, we present the first evidence demonstr

236 ned the effects of increased temperature and rainfall reduction on the biochemical limitations of pho

237 8), whereas interactions between warming and rainfall reduction on the J(max25 degrees C) to V(cmax25

238 cation of the hydrological cycle is altering rainfall regimes by increasing the frequency of extreme

239 ed to be lower and more variable in most low-rainfall regions, with nitrogen availability limiting gr

240 temperatures and ambient or reduced (~40% of rainfall removed) summer rainfall.

241 RTC strategies and environmental scenarios (rainfall, river flow rate, and water quality).

242 face topography through interactions between rainfall, runoff and erosion in drainage basins(1-4).

243 lained by hydrological controls that reflect rainfall-runoff regimes in different climate zones.

244 Rainfall samples were collected daily and analysed for s

245 rophic structure will differ between the two rainfall scenarios.

246 However, the lengthening of the monsoon rainfall season and reduced evapotranspiration will shor

247 specificity in regions with more pronounced rainfall seasonality and wetter dry seasons.

248 Rainfall seasonality slightly increased the number of sp

249 esis, and measures of topographic diversity, rainfall seasonality, and productivity were used to test

250 al regression models showed biome stability, rainfall seasonality, and topographic heterogeneity were

251 and temporal reconstruction of premortality rainfall shows that mass mortality and synchronous ecosy

252 Rainfall simulation tests were conducted on field plots

253 ts enhanced decomposition most at cool, high rainfall sites, indicating that in a warmer and drier fu

254 In climates with strongly seasonal rainfall, speleothem-based paleoclimate reconstructions

255 addition to climatic drought severity (i.e., rainfall), subsurface processes explained variation in d

256 Results highlight that urbanization modifies rainfall, such that mean precipitation is enhanced by 18

257 due to its rapid onset (within six hours of rainfall), taking action for effective response is chall

258 er-law-distributed connections form a global rainfall teleconnection pattern that is probably control

259 arameters (soil type as "calcareous" or not, rainfall, temperature and wine color) were used to expla

260 for time-varying confounding variables (ie, rainfall, temperature, and the Oceanic Nino Index).

261 , western US, and Brazil) followed shifts in rainfall, temperature, and vegetation in which both drou

262 c changes such as eutrophication and altered rainfall, these findings illustrate the potential for si

263 graphical shifts are observed than with most rainfall threshold models and the pattern of that shift

264 Soil moisture can feed back on rainfall through the impact of surface fluxes on the env

265 Plots with shorter FL required more rainfall to generate surface runoff.

266 of convective precipitation that brings more rainfall to the central Pacific.

267 al hyphae, were 3x more abundant in the HIGH rainfall treatment.

268 mate change could increase the potential for rainfall-triggered volcanic phenomena worldwide.

269 olcanic activity can be modulated by extreme rainfall triggering edifice rock failure-a factor that s

270 experimental plots, showing that effects of rainfall uncovered in the experiment are applicable to n

271 of this diaspore polymorphic species in its rainfall-unpredictable environment likely is enhanced by

272 We found that increased growing season rainfall variability can reduce RUE and thus ecosystem f

273 aerosols over GHG in generating forced Sahel rainfall variability in models.

274 only significant for aridity, one of our two rainfall variability metrics.

275 experimentally reduced versus naturally high rainfall variability using a 32-year precipitation-ANPP

276 Rainfall variability was integral to grass-forb coexiste

277 In this context, large-scale forcing of ISM rainfall variability with multi-decadal resolution over

278 s required to understand the consequences of rainfall variability.

279 contribute to poor representation of monsoon rainfall variability.

280 e leaf size is independently correlated with rainfall variables.

281 In the Kalahari, rainfall varies widely between- and within years, affect

282 latively infiltrate 51-54% additional annual rainfall volume as compared to pre-demolition state, in

283 ological variables, i.e., relative humidity, rainfall volume, wind speed, and wind direction, were si

284 Storm-related rainfall was a stronger predictor of forest damage than

285 In these counties, extreme rainfall was associated with a 5% increase in salmonello

286 t the Holocene evolution of Central American rainfall was driven by exceeding a temperature threshold

287 Wintering ground rainfall was positively associated with densities of bre

288 y, the biomass of predators was highest when rainfall was uneven, resulting in top-heavy biomass pyra

289 tly related to mf abundance, suggesting that rainfall washout and air mass movement are important pre

290 astal Plain counties, extreme and antecedent rainfall were associated with significant differences in

291 drier tropical forests (receiving ~ 1000 mm rainfall) were at least twice that of the wettest (recei

292 total of larvae and pupae adjusted for daily rainfall when compared to tires, followed by bromeliads

293 importance of considering non-monsoon season rainfall when interpreting speleothem paleoclimate recor

294 200 years BP) are suggestive of reduced ISM rainfall, whereas lower delta(18)Ow values during the Me

295 This pattern suggests that changes in rainfall will alter bottom-up control processes in a cri

296 e climate change predictions suggest extreme rainfall will become more common in this system, necessi

297 of reduced thermocline feedback and weakened rainfall-wind-sea surface temperature coupling over the

298 All of Lesotho suffered from reduced rainfall, with regions receiving 1%-36% of their histori

299 egrees C) in response to warming and reduced rainfall, with such responses expected to be greatest in

300 of change (dW/dc(a)) vary with location and rainfall within the global tropics.