ライフサイエンスコーパス: rainforest

1 em due to deforestation only of parts of the rainforest.

2 non-ENSO year 2000 in a Costa Rican tropical rainforest.

3 heir unique lifestyle in the Central African rainforest.

4 in the photochemistry active over the Amazon rainforest.

5 ree Pacific coast to the VBRV-endemic Amazon rainforest.

6 triggers tree death from drought in tropical rainforest.

7 ion experiment (TFE) in an eastern Amazonian rainforest.

8 it-scarce periods in a West African tropical rainforest.

9 ation ranging from wooded savannahs to humid rainforest.

10 CO2), with highest levels in rivers draining rainforest.

11 tions located west-to-east of the equatorial rainforest.

12 using a vertical gradient within a tropical rainforest.

13 anging from cool Andean highland to Amazonia rainforest.

14 he earliest megafossil record of Neotropical rainforest.

15 -scale "dieback" or degradation of Amazonian rainforest.

16 lar family composition to extant Neotropical rainforest.

17 nitrogen and volatile organic compounds than rainforest.

18 large tracts of commercially logged tropical rainforest.

19 an area and 2 rural villages in the tropical rainforest.

20 hern Rocky Mountain (NRM) forest and coastal rainforest.

21 history of pathogen-driven selection in the rainforest.

22 bles, on ecosystem dynamics in a subtropical rainforest.

23 reme heat and drought over most of Amazonian rainforests.

24 n shape community dynamics in highly diverse rainforests.

25 se are limiting factors in coastal temperate rainforests.

26 is roughly equivalent to that of terrestrial rainforests.

27 ese ecological processes operate in tropical rainforests.

28 ersity over 8-16 years in eight successional rainforests.

29 r of avian speciation in lowland Neotropical rainforests.

30 al ecosystem processes dominated by tropical rainforests.

31 ose clades that succeeded radiating into the rainforests.

32 in few animal-pollinated plants in tropical rainforests.

33 N in stream waters of temperate and tropical rainforests.

34 od shortages in their native Southeast Asian rainforests.

35 pproximately 25% in a majority of the Amazon rainforests.

36 corridor between the Amazonian and Atlantic rainforests.

37 s similar to the litter of extant equatorial rainforests.

38 communities of Southeast Asian lower-montane rainforests.

39 t role in the redistribution of nutrients in rainforests.

40 matic events pose severe hazards to tropical rainforests.

41 In 1 remote village in the rainforest, 24.5% of the participants had neutralizing a

42 In tropical rainforests, 30-65% of tree species grow at densities of

43 sampled 222 ant species in lowland, tropical rainforest across four vertical strata: subterranean, gr

44 of large geometric earthworks beneath intact rainforest across southern Amazonia challenges its statu

45 seen in a set of well characterized Hawaiian rainforests, across which we have measured the 15N/14N o

46 By contrast, lowland rainforests act mainly as museums for generic diversity.

47 orders of magnitude higher than in pristine rainforest air.

48 arts of the boreal forest belt, the tropical rainforest, alpine regions worldwide, steppe and prairie

49 Of all rainforests, Amazonia is the world's most diverse, inclu

50 centrations do not differ significantly over rainforest and adjacent oil palm plantation landscapes.

51 berg rock outcrops in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest and are thus long-term fragmented by nature.

52 ge vulnerable ecosystems, such as the Amazon rainforest and Caribbean coral reefs, may take only a fe

53 versity for an extensive region of a Bornean rainforest and challenge these data with models incorpor

54 In contrast, rainforest and circum-arctic hunter-gatherers and some p

55 rns, which occupies the junction between the rainforest and dry forest and currently is known only fr

56 thora communities in the North French Guiana rainforest and investigated how they are structured by h

57 Continued migration from coastal rainforest and NRM forest source populations may increas

58 go, with a distinct preference for semi-open rainforest and rain forest edges.

59 equent and that biome shifts to the Savanna, Rainforest and Temperate Biomes are infrequent and close

60 af-litter ant species in unlogged and logged rainforest and tested four predictions: (i) there is a n

61 e the nonlinear couplings between the Amazon rainforest and the atmospheric moisture transport from t

62 ve compass information for navigation in the rainforest and, additionally, provide cues for visual di

63 bp induced a disequilibrium between montane rainforests and climate that drove a loss of resilience

64 te the theory: bird conservation in tropical rainforests and coastal defence provided by mangrove for

65 inside indigenous territories in the Amazon rainforest, and could provide an important positive exte

66 om the other known mangrove data, a tropical rainforest, and ocean sediment.

67 s collected over three decades, we show that rainforest anthrax is a persistent and widespread cause

68 ercial logging on tree diversity in tropical rainforest are largely unknown.

69 Rates of BNF in tropical rainforest are thought to be among the highest on Earth,

70 94 out of every 100 individual arthropods in rainforests are ants, and they constitute up to 15% of a

71 future climate and fire conditions: tropical rainforests are especially vulnerable, whereas seasonal

72 Closed-canopy rainforests are important for climate (influencing atmos

73 topographic positions suggests that tropical rainforests are more sensitive to moisture deficits than

74 correlated with higher isohydricity (so that rainforests are mostly isohydric).

75 However, likely responses of tropical rainforests are poorly understood due to a lack of frequ

76 Today, the eastern rainforests are separated from the dry deciduous forests

77 e a large proportion of species diversity in rainforests are significantly more species-rich.

78 Tropical rainforests are subject to extensive degradation by comm

79 re in Africa coincides with severe losses of rainforest area, especially after the Miocene.

80 ammalian diversity distributions, one in the rainforest areas (Deep Rainforest Diversity, DRD) contai

81 damped driven pendulum, a model of Amazonian rainforest as a known climate tipping element and the Da

82 nnii rainforest in Tasmania (hereon "montane rainforest") as a function of climate.

83 vey of 49 ecosystems from tundra to tropical rainforest, average worker mass and worker number were u

84 rom three distinct environments: (a) primary rainforest, (b) subtropical woodland, and (c) fifth-gene

85 olution experiment conducted in the tropical rainforest, bats visited computer-automated flowers with

86 irst moved southward, through the equatorial rainforest, before spreading toward eastern and southern

87 s have been logged, with dramatic impacts on rainforest biodiversity that may disrupt key ecosystem p

88 at outbreaks located along the limits of the rainforest biome were significantly associated with fore

89 rition and wild meat availability within the Rainforest Biotic Zone in central Africa.

90 How are rainforest birds faring in the Anthropocene?

91 icated that the elephants were not from deep rainforests but from savanna and mixed habitats.

92 esponds strongly to conversion of the Amazon rainforest, but in a manner different from plants and an

93 to assess species diversity in a Costa Rican rainforest butterfly community.

94 ements exclusively within savannah or within rainforest by established rainforest populations.

95 were slowed, delaying the occupation of the rainforest by on average 300 y, compared with similar mi

96 extraordinary abundance of ants in tropical rainforest canopies has led to speculation that numerous

97 rophic 50-foot free-fall from the top of the rainforest canopy to the forest floor at her remote fiel

98 Rdark was measured on 431 rainforest canopy trees, from 182 species, in French Gui

99 the total invertebrate biomass in an entire rainforest canopy.

100 Understanding tropical rainforest carbon exchange and its response to heat and

101 h an impact extending over 1,000 km from the rainforest city of Manaus (population 2.1 million).

102 Rainforest clades have diversified from the Late Oligoce

103 e, which did not necessitate labor-intensive rainforest clearance for earthwork construction.

104 le, agricultural practices, climate changes, rainforest clearing or air travel).

105 investigations into the impacts of purported rainforest collapse on palaeotropical vertebrate diversi

106 e resilience of an endangered fire-sensitive rainforest community to fires.

107 Selective logging is a major driver of rainforest degradation across the tropics.

108 ries under terra firme (upland interfluvial) rainforest, directly challenging the "pristine" status o

109 clude that the wet periods probably affected rainforest distribution, as plant fossils show that fore

110 rsity occurred at the same time as a loss of rainforest diversity and cannot be explained by ecologic

111 We investigated whether rainforest diversity in Meliaceae has accumulated over a

112 ributions, one in the rainforest areas (Deep Rainforest Diversity, DRD) containing taxa of lower hunt

113 ecies of greater hunting potential (Marginal Rainforest Diversity, MRD).

114 e related to differential losses of tropical rainforests during the Cenozoic, but not to the cumulati

115 The Amazon rainforest, during its wet season, is one of the few rem

116 lar, the hypothesized replacement of ancient rainforest-dwelling extinct lineages by antecedents of x

117 This work demonstrates that while temperate rainforest dynamics occur at fine spatial scales (<1000

118 We show that wet conditions and rainforest ecosystems on Sulawesi present during marine

119 The impacts of this climate extreme on the rainforest ecosystems remain to be documented and are li

120 of these epiphytes--a neglected component in rainforest ecosystems--can more than double our estimate

121 r understanding the evolution of Neotropical rainforest ecosystems.

122 negative consequences for the maintenance of rainforest ecosystems.

123 understanding of the functioning of tropical rainforest ecosystems.

124 ted so far-and show that a temperate lowland rainforest environment existed at a palaeolatitude of ab

125 ons from ca. 45,000 years ago, in a tropical rainforest environment.

126 selection since admixture-to the challenging rainforest environments.

127 biomass of invertebrates living in a common rainforest epiphyte, describe a striking relationship be

128 tribution traits of 18 New Zealand temperate rainforest evergreens; we then used a 3-D digitiser and

129 Tropical rainforests exhibit an extraordinarily high level of bio

130 onsistent with the notion that many tropical rainforests exist in a state of N saturation.

131 over the late Quaternary period by modeling rainforest expansion and contraction in 21 biogeographic

132 r settlement despite the climatically driven rainforest expansion that began approximately 2,000 y ag

133 de strong evidence that the same Neotropical rainforest families have characterized the biome since t

134 r is a Sumatran Pleistocene cave with a rich rainforest fauna associated with fossil human teeth.

135 f ants to the removal of food resources from rainforest floors and thus nutrient redistribution.

136 In tropical rainforests, for which data availability was the highest

137 t all tropical fruits are equally desired by rainforest foragers and some fruit trees get depleted mo

138 vironmental data have hinted at pre-Holocene rainforest foraging, earlier human reliance on rainfores

139 We studied tropical rainforest fragments and derived rubber plantations at a

140 mples from extant and Quaternary Neotropical rainforest from similar climates.

141 cross an urbanization gradient in the Amazon rainforest, from a remote Peruvian Amerindian village to

142 sumptions by relating field abundance of the rainforest fruit fly Drosophila birchii to ecological ch

143 However, changes in rainforest function with climate change can disrupt this

144 The thermal environments of this Panama rainforest generate a range of CTmax subsuming 74% of th

145 Transpiration from the Amazon rainforest generates an essential water source at a glob

146 Human occupation of tropical rainforest habitats is thought to be a mainly Holocene p

147 , followed emerging savannah corridors, with rainforest habitats repeatedly imposing temporal barrier

148 Tropical rainforests harbor exceptionally high biodiversity and s

149 e 2 species coexist are areas where pristine rainforest has been degraded, results also suggest that

150 More than half the world's rainforest has been lost to agriculture since the Indust

151 The Amazon rainforest has been proposed as a tipping element of the

152 illus cereus biovar anthracis, in a tropical rainforest have severe consequences for local wildlife c

153 Neotropical rainforests have a very poor fossil record, making hypot

154 Tropical rainforests have experienced episodes of severe heat and

155 rved common ancestry between central African rainforest HGs and southern African San, the latter of w

156 th the exception of the EHG, central African rainforest HGs, and San, other HG groups in Africa appea

157 Although the Amazon rainforest houses much of Earth's biodiversity and plays

158 In contrast, the San and Central African rainforest hunter-gatherer (CRHG), Hadza hunter-gatherer

159 ted with the pygmy phenotype in the Batwa, a rainforest hunter-gatherer population from Uganda (east

160 to bacterial and viral stimuli between Batwa rainforest hunter-gatherers and Bakiga agriculturalists

161 he first socio-economic interactions between rainforest hunter-gatherers and farmers introduced by th

162 wly generated exomes, from 14 populations of rainforest hunter-gatherers and farmers, together with 4

163 The genetic history of African rainforest hunter-gatherers and neighboring farmers is c

164 enotype and DNA methylation profiles for 362 rainforest hunter-gatherers and sedentary farmers.

165 e confers a selective advantage for tropical rainforest hunter-gatherers but raising questions about

166 hen we expanded our analysis to include Baka rainforest hunter-gatherers from Cameroon and Gabon (wes

167 While the demographic past of rainforest hunter-gatherers has been deeply characterize

168 haracteristic of African and Southeast Asian rainforest hunter-gatherers, is largely unknown.

169 has had an impact on the genetic history of rainforest hunter-gatherers-historically referred to as

170 tion were disproportionately observed in the rainforest hunter-gatherers.

171 Tropical rainforest hyperdiversity is often suggested to have evo

172 Rainforest hyperdiversity may best be explained by recen

173 lia; AmazonFACE in a highly diverse, primary rainforest in Brazil; BIFoR-FACE in a 150-yr-old deciduo

174 In this study, selectively logged tropical rainforest in Indonesian Borneo is shown to contain high

175 ical Station, a protected old-growth lowland rainforest in lower Central America.

176 of ecological data from a protected primary rainforest in Malaysia to illutrate how subsidies from n

177 nts from c. 1 ha plots in a lowland tropical rainforest in Sabah, Malaysia.

178 nce of Athrotaxis spp. and Nothofagus gunnii rainforest in Tasmania (hereon "montane rainforest") as

179 During expeditions to a montane rainforest in the Brazilian Amazon, we obtained amplitud

180 We tested this prediction in rainforest in the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, b

181 The crucial role of the Amazon rainforest in the hydrologic cycle has even led to the s

182 some ecosystems, like the tropical seasonal rainforest in this study.

183 the forests of the North American temperate rainforests in Alaska, which store >2.8 Pg C in biomass

184 n delta(13)C(diet) values from closed-canopy rainforests in Amazonia (-27.4 per mille) and equatorial

185 f successional community dynamics of lowland rainforests in Costa Rica.

186 ble uncertainty surrounds the fate of Amazon rainforests in response to climate change.

187 nning experimental drought study in tropical rainforest (in the Brazilian Amazon), we test whether ca

188 ire frequencies, converting several tropical rainforests into derived savannas, a phenomenon known as

189 or mammalian herbivores in any closed-canopy rainforest is -27.2 per mille.

190 Visually guided flight control in the rainforest is arguably one of the most complex insect be

191 The Amazon rainforest is disproportionately important for global ca

192 how that the vegetation canopy of the Amazon rainforest is highly sensitive to changes in precipitati

193 The Amazon rainforest is one of the few continental regions where a

194 Most species-level diversity of Meliaceae in rainforest is recent.

195 The Amazon rainforest is the Earth's largest reservoir of plant and

196 The presence of a high-diversity tropical rainforest is unexpected, because other Paleocene floras

197 The future of the Amazon rainforest is unknown due to uncertainties in projected

198 The ecology of Bornean rainforests is driven by El Nino-induced droughts that t

199 large majority of plant species diversity in rainforests is recent, suggesting (episodic) species tur

200 t of carbon that is being absorbed by mature rainforests is similar to or greater than that being rel

201 Old-growth forest conservation in tropical rainforests is therefore a highly-recommended solution f

202 Here, we show that some insects, such as rainforest katydids, possess equivalent biophysical mech

203 -year field study of Propithecus edwardsi, a rainforest lemur from Madagascar with a maximum lifespan

204 ithecus diadema, n = 3), endangered Malagasy rainforest lemurs, and we report extremely efficient rec

205 values previously proposed as indicative of rainforests (<-31 per mille).

206 vorous insects in this Paleocene Neotropical rainforest may reflect an early stage in the diversifica

207 e inter-annual variability and that tropical rainforests may become less relevant drivers in the futu

208 One of the key changes that tropical rainforests may experience under future climate change s

209 dence of a large defaunation shadow around a rainforest metropolis.

210 flowering of many tree species in Amazonian rainforests near the Equator.

211 regions of Africa that are not dominated by rainforest nor desert, the map shows a scatter of areas

212 , to our knowledge, the earliest evidence of rainforest occupation by AMH, and underscores the import

213 28 woody species of Magnoliids in a tropical rainforest of Madagascar and reported, for the first tim

214 , the distinctive component of the temperate rainforest of the northwest coast of California.

215 cultural transformations across the largest rainforest of the world, Amazonia.

216 tion zone between the Saharan desert and the rainforests of Central Africa and the Guinean Coast, exp

217 throughout secondary succession in tropical rainforests of north-east Costa Rica, and that attempts

218 11 residential camps) living in the tropical rainforests of Peninsular Malaysia.

219 arctic to 50.8 degrees C in lowland tropical rainforests of Peruvian Amazon.

220 Homo sapiens' relationship with the tropical rainforests of South Asia is therefore long-standing, a

221 andscapes currently occupied by the seasonal rainforests of southern Amazonia may therefore not have

222 We use the tropical rainforests of the Amazon, the Congo basin and South-Eas

223 Amazonia is the most biodiverse rainforest on Earth, and the debate over how many tree s

224 , but not to the cumulative area of tropical rainforest over geological time.

225 lution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed networ

226 Drought threatens tropical rainforests over seasonal to decadal timescales, but the

227 We quantified the relative stability of rainforests over the late Quaternary period by modeling

228 perience periodic O(2) limitation-a tropical rainforest Oxisol and a temperate cropland Mollisol-with

229 Converting rainforests, peatlands, savannas, or grasslands to produ

230 ly reduced plant transpiration, although the rainforest persisted throughout this time.

231 They are most abundant in rainforest plants.

232 Tropical rainforests play important roles in carbon sequestration

233 The Amazon rainforest plays a crucial role in the climate system, h

234 Photosynthesis of the Amazon rainforest plays an important role in the regional and g

235 ost abundant tree species in a 25-ha lowland rainforest plot in Ecuador.

236 g 17 consecutive years of data from tropical rainforest plots in Costa Rica that range from 10 y sinc

237 savannah or within rainforest by established rainforest populations.

238 had the opposite effect, enhancing temperate rainforest productivity.

239 odel), but there is also evidence for recent rainforest radiations.

240 When populations did move from savannah into rainforest, rates of migration were slowed, delaying the

241 Tropical rainforest regions are urbanizing rapidly, yet the role

242 Tropical rainforest regions have large hydropower generation pote

243 anisms promoting coexistence in hyperdiverse rainforests remains a considerable challenge.

244 The Amazonian rainforest represents one of the major global sources of

245 ining climate change feedbacks from tropical rainforests requires an understanding of how carbon gain

246 ing the ecological integrity of Kalimantan's rainforests requires immediate transnational management.

247 heights of 0, 5, 10, and 15 m in trees in a rainforest reserve bordering Manaus, Brazil, to characte

248 ng at Los Tuxtlas, the northernmost tropical rainforest reserve in the Americas.

249 show that human foragers relied primarily on rainforest resources from at least ~20,000 years ago, wi

250 inforest foraging, earlier human reliance on rainforest resources has not been shown directly.

251 e in species which adapt to desiccation, and rainforest restricted species which cannot.

252 ng sustainability, the other in the northern rainforest-savanna mosaic, with species of greater hunti

253 We use the rainforest-savanna transition region in Brazil to show d

254 New findings from African rainforests show chimpanzees to have impressively advanc

255 na, a tree from the South American temperate rainforest shows strong heteroblasty affecting leaf shap

256 le exception of winter at the cool-temperate rainforest site where irradiance was low.

257 carbon source was used to enrich a Malaysian rainforest soil sample.

258 Recent research on rainforest speciation has highlighted the importance of

259 an syntypes of U. kikkawai show that it is a rainforest species occurring from Costa Rica to Brazil.

260 n climate may affect reproductive success of rainforest species.

261 Tropical rainforests store enormous amounts of carbon, the protec

262 es, shrubs and lianas distributed across the Rainforest, Succulent, Temperate and Savanna Biomes.

263 we suggest that the overall carbon budget of rainforests, summed across terrestrial and aquatic envir

264 African rainforests support exceptionally high biodiversity and

265 thin ecosystems: across 31 trees in a Panama rainforest, surfaces exposed to sun were 8 degrees C war

266 th mechanisms of vicariance in other African rainforest taxa.

267 ' are large stands of trees in the Amazonian rainforest that consist almost entirely of a single spec

268 appear to have filled a niche in Australia's rainforests that has not been occupied by any other mamm

269 In the tropical rainforest, the leached fraction of terrestrial NEP even

270 The central African rainforests, the second-largest on Earth, have experienc

271 ing data from 141 C(3) species from tropical rainforest to Arctic tundra.

272 a long-term drought experiment in the Amazon rainforest to evaluate the role of leaf-level water rela

273 sites within a vast area of intact Amazonian rainforest to reveal reduced abundance of terrestrial an

274 utrient sources in a mixed-species temperate rainforest to show that N-fixing trees access more rock-

275 ze the response of an old-growth Neotropical rainforest to the severe heat and drought associated wit

276 , pH, conductivity, and total alkalinity) in rainforests to those more typical for savannah systems.

277 nd leaf turgor loss point among 55 temperate rainforest tree species in New Zealand and tested which

278 limits of D(V) typical of modern megathermal rainforest trees first appear during a second wave of in

279 lain species climatic limits among temperate rainforest trees in a region where chronic water limitat

280 References Tropical rainforest (TRF) is the most species-rich terrestrial bi

281 ryptic predator from the soils of the Amazon rainforest was inferred from several nuclear genes, sequ

282 a community composition of the French Guiana rainforest was significantly impacted by the host plant

283 ing a fertilization experiment in a tropical rainforest, we evaluated how variable substrate stoichio

284 U has not been reported for lowland tropical rainforests; we test whether FU occurs in six common Ama

285 d Bantus, living in the southern Cameroonian rainforest, were matched for sex, age, and ethnicity wit

286 to occur mainly in the mountainous limestone rainforests where F. elastica may be native or tradition

287 behavior related to perch selection, even in rainforests where much of the solar radiation is shielde

288 rgest size classes than the lowland tropical rainforests where social spiders thrive.

289 d ant-seed mutualism occurs in the Amazonian rainforest, where arboreal ants collect seeds of several

290 tes are dominant species in primary tropical rainforests, where their abundance and diversity contrib

291 changes in the net carbon flux of a tropical rainforest which experiences a pronounced dry season.

292 ed to condensational latent heating over the rainforest, which strongly enhances atmospheric moisture

293 e that urban markets can defaunate deep into rainforest wilderness has implications for other urbaniz

294 equency and severity of droughts in tropical rainforests will alter termite communities and the maint

295 l BNF within the historical area of tropical rainforest with current anthropogenic N inputs indicates

296 In rainforests with low climatic seasonality, photoperiodic

297 ear to have allowed for the establishment of rainforests within 1.4 million years of the K-T boundary

298 a prominent plant group in lowland tropical rainforests world-wide but also occur in all other tropi

299 ties to reshape the biodiversity in tropical rainforests worldwide.

300 ible "tipping point," beyond which extensive rainforest would become unsustainable.