ライフサイエンスコーパス: ratchet

1 cation via a charge-state-dependent Brownian ratchet.

2 the ribosome likely functions as a Brownian ratchet.

3 ections to wrap a sphere--constitutes such a ratchet.

4 mRNA may act as "pawls" of a translocational ratchet.

5 well-adapted population in spite of Muller's ratchet.

6 moglobin polymerization acting as a Brownian ratchet.

7 than under background selection or Muller's ratchet.

8 ministic motor mechanism, such as a Brownian ratchet.

9 e substrate are the "molecular teeth" of the ratchet.

10 the serial endosymbiotic theory and Muller's ratchet.

11 X chromosome can considerably slow down the ratchet.

12 on of harmful mutations by means of Muller's ratchet.

13 can be described as power stroke and thermal ratchet.

14 ss, similar to the process known as Muller's ratchet.

15 ned in terms of the inner flow fields of the ratchet.

16 of barriers on the track, creating an energy ratchet.

17 also make the genome susceptible to Muller's ratchet.

18 mulation of deleterious alleles via Muller's ratchet.

19 accumulate by a mechanism known as Muller's ratchet.

20 ponses, such as twist, function as molecular ratchets.

21 ational characteristics of circular granular ratchets.

22 f the ribosomal L1 stalk domain, and subunit ratcheting.

23 to further remodel cell shape via mechanical ratcheting.

24 promotes robust epithelial shape changes via ratcheting.

25 ponent on the particles that causes them to "ratchet" across the channel.

26 mbination of elastic-propulsion and tethered-ratchet actin-polymerization theories.

27 elected mutations can accumulate by Muller's ratchet after a shutdown of recombination, as in an evol

28 During translation elongation, the ribosome ratchets along its mRNA template, incorporating each new

29 burning mechanisms such as a ParAB Brownian ratchet and a septum-associated FtsK motor.

30 x and switch regions as an anti-backtracking ratchet and an RNA hydrolysis regulator.

31 wo different parameter regimes known for the ratchet and are more accurate only in the parameter regi

32 erence among deleterious mutations (Muller's ratchet and background selection) and the fixation of be

33 of genetic hitchhiking relative to Muller's ratchet and background selection.

34 tcrossing, which allows escape from Muller's ratchet and faster spread of beneficial mutations, shoul

35 stribution of times to the next click of the ratchet and is equivalent to a Wright-Fisher model for a

36 The functional role of this pulsatory ratchet and its mechanistic basis remain unknown.

37 rich Y chromosome is expected to be Muller's ratchet and/or background selection due to the large num

38 The translocation is further sped up by the ratcheting and entropic forces associated with proteins

39 propose that both microscopic polymerization ratchets and macroscopic stresses of the deformable acti

40 d kMTs that is generated by multiple polymer ratchets and mitotic motors coupled to tension-dependent

41 mpatible with background selection, Muller's ratchet, and local selective sweeps, but not with specie

42 -terminal part, which includes winged-helix, ratchet, and oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding (OB

43 tate formation, L1 stalk closure and subunit ratcheting are loosely coupled, independent processes th

44 performance solution-processed ionic-organic ratchets are fabricated using polymer semiconductors.

45 Ratchets are nonequilibrium devices that produce directi

46 Ratchets are simple mechanical devices which combine spa

47 nd motion by cytoskeletal motors and polymer ratchets as they mediate intracellular transport, organe

48 rimental data are consistent with a Brownian ratchet-based model.

49 tical intermediate sizes, such that Muller's ratchet begins to turn.

50 Epithelial remodeling involves ratcheting behavior whereby periodic contractility produ

51 ends on whether cell shape is stabilized, or ratcheted, between pulses.

52 A Brownian ratchet (BR) mechanism has been proposed to couple actin

53 on of the central gamma subunit working as a ratchet but with structural differences that make it a u

54 ll-Robertson effects in the form of Muller's ratchet, but only in regions of extremely low recombinat

55 ctivity is thought to underlie morphogenetic ratchets, but how RhoA governs transient changes in junc

56 anisms suggested by experiments: an internal ratchet by the apical and junctional myosin condensates,

57 nonequilibrium fluctuations are rectified or ratcheted by the molecular motor to transport substrate

58 ious mutations are weakly selected, Muller's ratchet can lead to a rapid degradation of population fi

59 roscopic elastic deformation and microscopic ratchets can explain the observed bistable orientation o

60 Electronic ratchets can rectify AC signals that are extracted from

61 oduction of a supramolecular flashing energy ratchet capable of processing chemical fuel generated by

62 translocation ratchet with ComE acting as a ratcheting chaperone.

63 domain closes and ribosomal subunits adopt a ratcheted configuration.

64 Their interaction can serve as a molecular "ratchet" contributing to the migration of the mother cel

65 Powered by ATPase, the motor ratchets DNA into the capsid through the portal channel.

66 in positioning DNA relative to the helicase ratchet domain IV for efficient unwinding of forked DNA.

67 e to single-stranded DNA and to the helicase ratchet domain IV.

68 efforts by the private sector to gradually "ratchet down" some of the environmental factors that hav

69 next cell ratchets up, the dmNes+RG endfoot ratchets down, and the process repeats.

70 th faster polymerization and faster Brownian-ratchet-driven motion.

71 n or power stroke coexists with the Brownian-ratchet-driven motions, and plays a crucial role in nucl

72 nal evidence for the existence of a Brownian ratchet during active T7RNAP elongation by showing that

73 ve organisms, in part because of selectivity ratcheting during these ancient extinctions, so on avera

74 The ratchet effect - the accumulation of beneficial changes

75 acilitate cooperation, transmission, and the ratchet effect that underlies cumulative cultural evolut

76 sion, while paternal leakage exacerbates the ratchet effect.

77 even producing evidence of components of a "ratchet effect."

78 The ratcheting effect causes charge rectification at frequen

79 Ratcheting effects play an important role in systems ran

80 ls occurs by thermally assisted diffusion on ratchet energy profiles.

81 ten, demonstrating that Rab35 functions as a ratchet ensuring unidirectional movement.

82 he presence of the other subunits shifts the ratchet equilibrium towards the post-translocation state

83 These results suggest that periodic ratcheting events shift excess membrane from cell apices

84 s sentiment is ancient yet implicated in the ratcheting evolution of human ultrasocialty.

85 e tip of its beak to its mouth in a stepwise ratcheting fashion.

86 where the mechanical power transduced by the ratcheting filaments to the load is maximal.

87 nted for the mean time between clicks of the ratchet for (i) the Wright-Fisher model, (ii) a diffusio

88 lp impose the directionality of the Brownian ratchet for protein transport through the Sec machinery.

89 e-addition state, readily transitions to the ratcheted form ("ratchetable"), indicating that the tigh

90 The ratcheted form was revealed to support GreA-dependent tr

91 cleotide addition to nascent RNA, while the "ratcheted" form is adopted for transcription inhibition.

92 their capacity to generate pushing forces by ratcheting growth is well known, conversely these versat

93 (b) the time interval between clicks of the ratchet has, approximately, an exponential distribution

94 The operation and properties of linear ratchets have already been extensively explored.

95 models, including the widely known Brownian ratchet, have been proposed.

96 Mutation of residues along the ratchet helix alters in vitro activity in Mtr4 and TRAMP

97 ata suggest that the RP mutations within the ratchet helix impair Brr2 translocation through RNA heli

98 However, the contribution of the ratchet helix in Mtr4 activity is poorly understood.

99 e we show that strict conservation along the ratchet helix is particularly extensive for Ski2-like RN

100 These studies demonstrate that the ratchet helix modulates helicase activity and suggest th

101 w show that combining the arch deletion with ratchet helix mutations abolishes helicase activity and

102 Mutations within the ratchet helix of the Brr2 RNA binding channel result in

103 We also identify a residue on the ratchet helix that influences Mtr4 affinity for polyaden

104 The 'ratchet helix' is positioned to interact with RNA substr

105 haviour of a population after a click of the ratchet, i.e., after loss of what was the fittest class.

106 the nucleus and so functions as a molecular ratchet imposing directionality on transport.

107 biasing forces can cause the defect line to ratchet in either direction, making it possible to preci

108 We propose an electrostatic ratchet in the channel, comprised of opposing rings of c

109 ibe a three-compartment rotaxane information ratchet in which the macrocycle can be directionally tra

110 and the free-ended filaments grow as thermal ratchets in a load-sensitive manner.

111 hat the ribosome uses two distinct molecular ratchets, involving both intra- and intersubunit rotatio

112 irectional (chiral) rotation of a mechanical ratchet is forbidden in thermal equilibrium, but becomes

113 cts that: (a) the time between clicks of the ratchet is insensitive to the value of the selection coe

114 on coordinate diagrams of motors and polymer ratchets is simplified relative to the rigorous biophysi

115 tatively described using the linear Brownian ratchet kinetic model for transcription elongation and t

116 landscape-crossing rates and show that this ratchet-like adaptive mechanism is robust in a wide spec

117 In addition to the ratchet-like and independent head-swiveling motions exhi

118 Although this ratchet-like behaviour operates in a variety of contexts

119 Two protomers undergo a ratchet-like conformational change that advances pore lo

120 A device is presented with ratchet-like current-voltage characteristics, which deli

121 This Brownian ratchet-like diffusion produces persistent directional m

122 We find that ATP binding induces a ratchet-like docking of the neck linker and simultaneous

123 Unless these ratchet-like epistatic substitutions are restored to the

124 rift, irreversibly accumulate in a stepwise, ratchet-like manner and reduce cellular fitness, similar

125 ainst the walls of the microvasculature by a ratchet-like mechanism driven by the supersaturated solu

126 y protein complexes persist because a simple ratchet-like mechanism entrenches them across evolutiona

127 The structures help to explain how the ratchet-like motion of the two ribosomal subunits contri

128 ed in the present structures, coupled to the ratchet-like motion of the two subunits observed previou

129 acts as a pawl that stabilizes the downward ratchet-like movement of beta6-alpha7 loop and alpha7-he

130 tions are driven to extinction by a Muller's ratchet-like process of element accumulation, but that l

131 ial molecular lock acting in a developmental ratchet-like process.

132 The ability of these crystals to undergo ratchet-like rotation is attributed to their chiral shap

133 When the surface is prepared with ratchet-like saw-teeth topography, these droplets can se

134 ulsed actomyosin meshwork contractions and a ratchet-like stabilization of cell shape drive apical co

135 w the key role of fluctuating protrusions on ratchet-like structures in driving NIH3T3 cell migration

136 We propose that a ratchet-like surface involving Phe105, Met109 and Leu112

137 n different states suggest an ATPase-driven, ratchet-like translocation of the tubulin tail through t

138 The result is a "ratchet-like" gradient climbing behavior with drift spee

139 omal subunits reveals an intrinsic bias for "ratchet-like" intersubunit rotation.

140 an be selected to mitigate the irreversible, ratchet-like, accumulation of deleterious somatic altera

141 RNA polymerase is a ratchet machine that oscillates between productive and b

142 -template strand, possibly in a synchronized ratcheting manner conducive to polymerase translocation.

143 oduced deleterious mutations (i.e., Muller's ratchet) may not be the dominant force imperiling nonrec

144 The ratchet mechanism constitutes a general design principle

145 oteins from a mRNP, one at a time, akin to a ratchet mechanism for mRNA export.

146 Previously, a diffusional-based Brownian ratchet mechanism for protein secretion has been propose

147 ring within the FO region support a Brownian ratchet mechanism for proton-translocation-driven rotati

148 ptional regulatory cascade, thus providing a ratchet mechanism for robust cell-cycle control.

149 aviour satisfies a requirement of a Brownian ratchet mechanism for the F motor where c-ring rotationa

150 This finding reveals a linear, non-branched ratchet mechanism for the nucleotide addition cycle in w

151 scuss a DeltapH-driven charge state Brownian ratchet mechanism for translocation, where glutamic and

152 arB system motility is driven by a diffusion ratchet mechanism in which ParB-coated plasmid both crea

153 the closed TL structure, a modified Brownian ratchet mechanism is proposed whereby thermally driven t

154 nal movement of the helicase via a molecular ratchet mechanism powered by Brownian motion.

155 is model, we suggest that a similar Brownian ratchet mechanism recapitulates the full range of active

156 We have identified a ratchet mechanism that can explain the observed unidirec

157 olecule studies proposed a branched Brownian ratchet mechanism that necessitates a putative secondary

158 wnian motor, which adopts the flash Brownian ratchet mechanism to pump the DNA against the increasing

159 We investigated the ratchet mechanism using anthrax toxin as a model.

160 cycling, thereby enacting a flashing energy ratchet mechanism with a minimalistic design.

161 oot of macrocyclized walkers (an information ratchet mechanism), the rear foot producing an (R)-stere

162 cular machines can operate by an information ratchet mechanism, in which knowledge of a particle's po

163 e load is thought to operate by the Brownian ratchet mechanism, with overall organization governed by

164 del that lacks these limitations is a cyclic ratchet mechanism.

165 which further support the proposed diffusion-ratchet mechanism.

166 behaviour by means of a pin-release droplet ratchet mechanism.

167 he minimum-energy distribution by a Brownian ratchet mechanism.

168 t T7RNAP translocates via a passive Brownian ratchet mechanism.

169 ng T7RNAPs provides support for the Brownian ratchet mechanism.

170 ween sites on a molecular platform through a ratchet mechanism.

171 rapidly presumably via a hydrophobic steric ratchet mechanism.

172 ution structures of these proteins suggest a ratcheting mechanism by which the KaiABC oscillator tick

173 show that BcsA translocates cellulose via a ratcheting mechanism involving a 'finger helix' that con

174 o the channel by the translating ribosome, a ratcheting mechanism is used by the endoplasmic reticulu

175 In posttranslational translocation, a ratcheting mechanism is used by the ER-lumenal chaperone

176 which takes place through a receptor-driven ratcheting mechanism.

177 h biochemistry, these results demonstrate a "ratchet" mechanism involved in the unidirectional transl

178 unication suggests a new, unifying 'Brownian ratchet' mechanism, whereby ATP binding and hydrolysis b

179 Central to the power-stroke and brownian-ratchet mechanisms of protein translocation is the proce

180 polymerization, as is predicted by Brownian ratchet mechanisms.

181 eleased to direct motion through information ratchet mechanisms.

182 In the slow phase, we test two ratcheting mechanisms suggested by experiments: an inter

183 ransport mode is mechanically similar to the ratcheting mechanisms used in snakes--a group of terrest

184 We suggest that ratchet-mediated engulfment minimizes the utilization of

185 In contrast, the tethered-ratchet model assumes working filaments are untethered a

186 ss agreement with an extended-chain Brownian ratchet model but, instead, are more consistent with an

187 ion parameters, we show that a 2-dimensional ratchet model can describe the interdependent localizati

188 its trigger loop mutants support a Brownian ratchet model for elongation, where the incoming NTP is

189 The findings favor a diffusion-ratchet model for plasmid motion whereby partition compl

190 slocation channel, and supports the Brownian ratchet model for protein translocation.

191 We describe a Brownian loop-capture-ratchet model for translocation and loop extrusion based

192 Previously, we proposed a Brownian ratchet model for transport, whereby the free energy of

193 Our Brownian ratchet model includes a mechanism for unfolding and a n

194 n to the role of the Phe clamp in a Brownian ratchet model of translocation.

195 based propulsion: microscopic polymerization ratchet model predicts that growing and writhing actin f

196 in very good agreement with a translocation ratchet model where binding of chaperones in the peripla

197 Using the tethered polymerization ratchet model with our biochemical kinetic model for MSP

198 of preexisting models as well as a Brownian ratchet model, in which a cargo-karyopherin complex rema

199 This Brownian ratchet model, unlike the conventional carrier model, ac

200 Our results support a diffusion-ratchet model, where ParB on the plasmid chases and redi

201 The dynamics are consistent with a diffusion-ratchet model, whereby the cargo dynamically establishes

202 The "ratchet model," based on cryo-EM reconstructions of ribo

203 his model belongs to the class of isothermal ratchet models of TE involving the thermally driven stoc

204 low-force regime using optical tweezers and ratcheted molecular dynamics simulations.

205 study with the Pol II system suggests that a ratchet motion of the Core Factor-DNA sub-complex at ups

206 om coarse-grained simulations, including the ratchet motion, the movement together of critical bases

207 chanism of translocation where the ribosomal ratchet motion, with the aid of EF-G, drives tRNA transl

208 consistent with the experimentally observed ratchet motion.

209 at begins with the eEF2/EF-G binding-induced ratcheting motion of the small ribosomal subunit.

210 our previous results, showing the well-known ratchet motions and the motions in the peptide tunnel an

211 ously been studied by considering a Brownian ratchet motor that is connected to its cargo by an elast

212 vide cytoplasmic stopover sites required for ratcheting mRNA across the nuclear pore.

213 iasing movement in one direction: a Brownian ratchet, now proposed to explain membrane motion during

214 Here, we describe forward and reverse ratcheting of DNA templates through the alpha-hemolysin

215 ction values, the net result was a permanent ratcheting of ecosystem-wide activity to higher levels.

216 Here, we report the ratcheting of electrons at room temperature using a semi

217 This work demonstrates the ratcheting of electrons within a highly scattering organ

218 f having neighbouring contractions, and that ratcheting of pulses prevents competition between neighb

219 alk that has been observed in the absence of ratcheting of the ribosomal subunits.

220 vements of the L1 stalk and tRNAs as well as ratcheting of the ribosome.

221 L5, H68, H69, and H38 that is caused by the ratcheting of the small subunit.

222 f prothrombin by prothrombinase is driven by ratcheting of the substrate from the zymogen to the prot

223 ght the critical dependence of the capillary ratchet on the beak's wetting properties, thus making cl

224 ion of deleterious mutations due to Muller's ratchet: once lost by stochastic drift, the most-fit cla

225 Ratchets operate by breaking time-reversal and spatial s

226 e of adaptive mutation is high, and Muller's ratchet operates only in small or asexual populations.

227 Translocation does not follow Brownian ratchet or power stroke models invoking nucleotide bindi

228 bosome, which adopts conformations involving ratcheting or rolling of the small subunit that are dist

229 units rearranges in discrete steps along the ratcheting pathway.

230 ibiting dynamic instability, and acting as a ratchet permitting incorporation of new monomers and rid

231 icing, and that the sequence and function of ratchet points are evolutionarily conserved in Drosophil

232 Here we identify 197 zero nucleotide exon ratchet points in 130 introns of 115 Drosophila genes fr

233 removed in multiple steps by re-splicing at ratchet points--5' splice sites recreated after splicing

234 ntrons generated by splicing to and from the ratchet points.

235 motors moving on a two-dimensional continuum ratchet potential, which quantitatively agree with the f

236 This is the first ratchet without a ratchet potential.

237 Here, we revisit the Muller's ratchet principle applied to the aging of somatic cell p

238 Furthermore, we provide an overview of how ratcheted processivity emerges from pulsed events, and h

239 ational coordinates that, like a sequence of ratchets, progressively diminish the recurrence of the r

240 We demonstrate that ratcheted pulses have higher probability of having neigh

241 ere weak or unratcheted pulses transition to ratcheted pulses.

242 Ratcheted reciprocating motion of a DNA/PEG copolymer th

243 suggest that RecD unwinds DNA as a Brownian ratchet, rectified by ATP binding, and that the presence

244 Our study thus supports the Brownian ratchet scenario of the mechano-chemical coupling in the

245 ia-Delbruck fluctuation analysis followed by ratchet selection cycles.

246 flat surface, but also self-propelled over a ratchet shaped horizontal surface.

247 ular blades linked via a ruthenium atom to a ratchet-shaped molecular gear.

248 Asymmetric ratchet-shaped pure copper nanorods were also found to r

249 pendent on pulses of actomyosin that lead to ratcheted shrinkage of junctions; the actomyosin pulses

250 nism for amplification that functions like a ratchet: Sound-evoked forces, acting on the basilar memb

251 trapping ssDNA inside the DNA transistor and ratcheting ssDNA base-by-base in a biasing electric fiel

252 very little is known about circular granular ratchets, startling devices able to convert vertical vib

253 protections similar to EF-G and stabilized a ratcheted state of the 70S ribosome.

254 tion and no L1 stalk-tRNA interaction, and a ratcheted state, with tRNAs in an intermediate hybrid co

255 ng of EF-G shifts the equilibrium toward the ratcheted state.

256 superconducting samples that have no spatial ratchet substrate.

257 ing spatially asymmetric potential profiles (ratchet substrates) have been realized experimentally to

258 Here we show that a hydrophobic mutational ratchet systematically entrenches molecular complexes.

259 hange coupling between the layers, we form a ratchet that allows information in the form of a sharp m

260 and they can work collectively as a Brownian ratchet that directs persistent cargo movement with a Pa

261 ng DNA from histones, functions instead as a ratchet that rectifies nucleosomal fluctuations.

262 sting that SpoIIQ and SpoIIIAH function as a ratchet that renders forward membrane movement irreversi

263 it does lead to results for the rate of the ratchet that, over a wide range of parameters, are accur

264 verify the existence of optimal microfluidic ratchets that maximize rectification of initially unifor

265 ct into the ring's central cavity and act as ratchets that pull on target proteins, leading, in some

266 st promotes carbonate-forming reactions that ratchet the displacement of the macrocycle away from the

267 talysts promote a benzoylation reaction that ratchets the displacement of the macrocycle, transportin

268 he degeneration of Y chromosomes is Muller's ratchet, the perpetual stochastic loss of linkage groups

269 ote origin that allowed escape from Muller's ratchet--the origin of eukaryotic recombination, or sex-

270 DNA strands were ratcheted through the pore at median rates of 2.5-40 nuc

271 is to unwinding by acting as a lazy Brownian ratchet, thus providing quantitative understanding of th

272 ctile process, which functions as a membrane ratchet to ensure unidirectional movement of intercalati

273 g to periplasmic ComEA, acting as a Brownian ratchet to prevent backward diffusion.

274 as a developmentally controlled subcellular ratchet to reduce apical area incrementally.

275 es have revealed how their timing circuit is ratcheted to be unidirectional and how they stay in sync

276 e PoTC.RRF complex reverts the ribosome from ratcheted to unratcheted state.

277 that the translocation of ssDNA changes from ratcheting to steady-sliding.

278 the mechanism by which the KaiABC oscillator ratchets unidirectionally.

279 at least, they do not play a causal role in ratcheting up political complexity.

280 that as one cell delaminates, the next cell ratchets up, the dmNes+RG endfoot ratchets down, and the

281 e response to new information can only be to ratchet upward: Newly observed or speculated attack capa

282 F1 motor as a simplified two-state Brownian ratchet using the asymmetry of torsional elastic energy

283 This process leads to a chemically ratcheted walk along a directionally polar DNA track.

284 Using a microfabricated topographical ratchet, we show that the nucleus dictates the direction

285 his work presents a new approach to Muller's ratchet, where Haigh's model is approximately mapped int

286 We propose a "transporter-gene acquisition ratchet," where transporter repertoires are continually

287 lecular trap, and a diffusion aided Brownian ratchet which operated as a molecular pump.

288 the ParA/ParB system can work as a Brownian ratchet, which effectively couples the ATPase-dependent

289 sibility of implementing a magnetic Brownian ratchet, which may find applications in novel nanoscale

290 walk of the junction and acts as a Brownian ratchet, which walks along duplex DNA while facilitating

291 on the ribosome requires repeated cycles of ratcheting, which couples rotation of the two ribosomal

292 ts rearrange contacts with each other during ratcheting while remaining stably associated is not know

293 can be tuned by combining the topographical ratchet with a biochemical gradient of fibronectin adhes

294 the motor mechanism as an imperfect Brownian ratchet with a built-in opposing load and the chromosome

295 trongly support the model of a translocation ratchet with ComE acting as a ratcheting chaperone.

296 The ribosome is in an unusual state of ratcheting with the 30S subunit rotated clockwise relati

297 Ratchets with acute protrusions enable droplets to climb

298 ble droplets to climb steeper inclines while ratchets with sub-structures enable their direction of m

299 This is the first ratchet without a ratchet potential.

300 otential solution to the paradox of Muller's ratchet without loss of function.