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1 resence of Mg(2+), the chemical step becomes rate limiting.
2 ps at heme junctions that would otherwise be rate limiting.
3 in which the transfer of the methyl group is rate limiting.
4 xygen species, rather than cytochrome c, are rate limiting.
5 how that both rates are fast, and neither is rate-limiting.
6 ment step, rather than iminium formation, is rate-limiting.
7 sport at the PB thin film is shown not to be rate-limiting.
8 ass transfer across the cell membrane became rate-limiting.
9 and/or mass-transfer into the periplasm were rate-limiting.
10 mechanism and that the activation of O(2) is rate-limiting.
11 e typically annotated is labor intensive and rate-limiting.
12 phosphorylated by cellular kinases which is rate-limiting.
13 nd (13)C kinetic isotope effect studies, the rate-limiting and enantiodetermining step of the reactio
14 dies showed that cleavage of the C-H bond is rate-limiting and formation of the strained four-membere
15 ic substrate-binding site that modulates the rate-limiting aspects of the transport mechanism(4,5), i
17 ence of substrate ligation to Mg(II), with a rate-limiting barrier (19.3 kcal/mol) in close agreement
18 t states, suggests that CoQ oxidation may be rate limiting because of unequal access of CoQ to the ac
20 dissociation from the cellulose substrate is rate limiting, but the molecular mechanism of this step
22 red carbonylative coupling route follows the rate-limiting C-H activation process via the concerted m
23 vity reflects the ability of Zn to promote a rate-limiting C-H reductive elimination step, and calcul
24 haracter of the transferring hydrogen in the rate-limiting C-H reductive elimination transition state
25 at a set of pupal wing enhancers for the key rate-limiting cell cycle regulators Cyclin E (cycE), E2F
26 A negative activation heat capacity for the rate-limiting chemical step leads directly to prediction
27 at rapid substrate-catalyst binding precedes rate-limiting chlorenium attack, controlling the face se
29 Deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK) is an essential rate-limiting component of the mitochondrial purine nucl
30 termine the transition-state ensemble of the rate-limiting conformational transition in the enzyme ad
31 , PT from Tyr precedes O-O elongation and is rate-limiting, consistent with available kinetic data.
32 s showed that the coupling process occurs by rate-limiting deprotonation of a hydrazine-bound arylpal
34 and the surface layer over cycling enforce a rate-limiting diffusion barrier for the electron transpo
35 roduct release in sesquiterpene synthases is rate limiting due to the hydrophobic nature of sesquiter
37 a cofactor-independent enzyme that catalyzes rate-limiting electron transfer between its substrate an
38 irect electron transfer, and NMO accelerates rate-limiting electron transfer by strongly lowering the
39 result in low-affinity, nonspecific binding; rate-limiting engagement of the second site enables high
40 expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate limiting enzyme in dopamine catalysis, could be enh
41 ed with tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1), the rate limiting enzyme regulating peripheral serotonin syn
43 sitivity was driven by HMGCR expression, the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis, which co
46 ed ex vivo, and identify DECR1, encoding the rate-limiting enzyme for oxidation of polyunsaturated fa
47 yltransferase (ET), encoded by PCYT2, is the rate-limiting enzyme for phosphatidylethanolamine synthe
49 ssion of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the classical pathway of bile s
51 histone deacetylation at the YUCCA8 locus, a rate-limiting enzyme in auxin biosynthesis, at warm temp
56 ox (am) ine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) is a rate-limiting enzyme in converting dietary vitamin B6 (V
58 de reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2), a rate-limiting enzyme in dNTP synthesis, induced prematur
63 amide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in nicotinamide metabolism, demonst
64 f microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, the rate-limiting enzyme in PGE(2) synthesis, sensitized OXR
65 ical ripening but also the expression of the rate-limiting enzyme in PGE2 synthesis-namely, cyclooxyg
66 osphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT), the rate-limiting enzyme in phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthes
67 ine/spermine acetyltransferase (SAT1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine catabolism and a prima
68 /spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1), the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine catabolism, has broad
69 adenosyl methionine decarboxylase (AMD1), a rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis, is required
71 11B2) gene encodes aldosterone synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of aldosterone.
73 inhibitors of the ectonucleotidase CD39, the rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of ATP to immunom
74 levulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2), the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway.
75 ells of people with DS overexpress IDO1, the rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway (KP) and
76 amide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD salvage pathway, which a
77 ide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD(+) salvage pathway from
78 decarboxylase (Gad1), which encodes GAD67, a rate-limiting enzyme in the production of gamma-aminobut
79 ryl-CoA synthetase 2), the gene encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of ketone bodies,
80 es retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2), a rate-limiting enzyme in the retinoic acid (RA)-producing
81 stribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines
82 r composed of RRM1 and RRM2 subunits, is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleo
85 synthesis by conditional inactivation of the rate-limiting enzyme Nsdhl or treatment with cholesterol
86 osynthesis, such as Hmgcr, which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis called
87 y-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo cholesterol (Chol) synth
89 oline cytidylyltransferase A (CCTalpha), the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo PC biosynthesis pathway,
90 rs expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme of dopamine synthesis, were also ob
91 rther show that the CPT1/whd (withered), the rate-limiting enzyme of FAO, is transcriptionally regula
94 ructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1), the rate-limiting enzyme of HBP, promotes cardiomyocyte grow
95 etoacid-CoA transferase (SCOT) activity, the rate-limiting enzyme of ketone body utilization, in the
96 rnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), the rate-limiting enzyme of mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) tr
97 ression of the gene Cpt1a, encoding CPT1A, a rate-limiting enzyme of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidati
98 hoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), the first rate-limiting enzyme of serine synthesis, is frequently
99 ubiquitinated HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway that prod
100 ytogenes lacking the gene hmgR, encoding the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, had a do
102 amide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme of the NAD(+) salvage pathway, gove
104 PI3K/AKT activation stabilizes G6PD, the rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP, by inhibiting the newly
105 1 (acyl-CoA oxidase 1) encodes the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the very-long-chain fatty acid (
106 ide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme, converting nicotinamide into nicot
108 lencing of molecular expression of the Taxol-rate limiting enzymes (GGPPS, TDS, DBAT and BAPT) by qPC
109 rescent images presented upregulation of the rate-limiting enzymes for the production of dopamine and
110 or example, TCDD flattened expression of the rate-limiting enzymes in both gluconeogenesis (Pck1) and
113 blot analysis shows significant increase in rate-limiting enzymes of pentose-phosphate pathway and 1
114 female mice revealed decreased expression of rate-limiting enzymes of triacylglycerol synthesis but i
117 ts indicate that crRNAs selection is a major rate limiting factor in T4 phage engineering via CRISPR/
123 , and in zebrafish, nuclear RBP-J levels are rate-limiting factors for Notch signaling in mammalian c
124 of alpha-helices 1 and 3 is reflected in the rate-limiting folding step, fast pressure-drop relaxatio
128 ells, a process that increases ploidy and is rate limiting for the expression of ecdysone biosyntheti
131 se included mutants defining genes that were rate-limiting for the onset of mitosis and of the S-phas
132 5/LHW transcription factor complex, which is rate-limiting for vascular cell proliferation in Arabido
134 s within germinal centers (GCs) and requires rate-limiting "help" from follicular helper CD4(+) T (Tf
135 hesis or uptake by overexpressing either the rate-limiting heme synthesis enzyme ALAS1 or uptake prot
137 uction of the SnSe(2) to SnSe and Se that is rate limiting in the formation of the alloy and not the
139 ormal dynamic range of ERK signalling is not rate-limiting in single cells during differentiation.
141 luorescence enhancement that occurred in the rate limiting isomerization step, the sensors described
144 ith the constituents of skin's outermost and rate limiting layer stratum corneum (SC), and increase i
145 tylation leading to up-regulation of several rate-limiting lipogenic enzymes and fibrogenic factors.
146 lycolysis via proteasomal degradation of the rate-limiting metabolic enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK)
147 he 12-hour oscillatory transcription of many rate-limiting metabolic genes known to have perturbation
148 e fluidity and impairs lipid homeostasis via rate-limiting metabolic processes in fatty acid monounsa
150 ng pathway by preventing the maturation of a rate-limiting multiprotein complex necessary for IKK act
152 leation sites on an existing MT, followed by rate-limiting nucleation of branches, reproduces the mea
154 nformational changes in EF-Tu coordinate the rate-limiting passage of aa-tRNA through the accommodati
155 a reduction in the levels and activity of a rate-limiting polyamine biosynthetic enzyme, ornithine d
156 in large quantities represents a costly and rate-limiting prerequisite for high throughput screening
157 anism as that of monomers, implying that the rate-limiting primary nucleus is larger than a dimer and
159 e tissue stem cells to tumor initiation, the rate-limiting processes for stem cell immortalization re
160 cts are consistent with a mechanism in which rate-limiting proton transfer is an important contributo
161 ctive species, 1,2-insertion of propene, and rate-limiting protonolysis of the resultant alkyl by the
167 in vivo, and explain previous findings of a rate-limiting role of iron in adipose tissue browning.
169 f the 2-OG dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc)-the rate limiting step for mitochondrial 2-OG metabolism.
171 reduction by substrate is rate limiting, the rate limiting step in turnover of high potential MCOs is
173 des (PS-ASOs) from late endosomes (LEs) is a rate-limiting step and a poorly defined process for prod
174 mechanistic studies provide insights on the rate-limiting step as well as the structure of the actua
175 lay between these movements implies a single rate-limiting step dependent on ATP binding and transien
178 t that the C(sp(3))-H bond activation is the rate-limiting step for both the catalytic processes.
179 predict that under operating conditions the rate-limiting step for oxygen incorporation from O(2) ga
181 ilizing the COOH* intermediates and tune the rate-limiting step from the formation of adsorbed interm
182 s in vitro The results identify an important rate-limiting step in assembly and reveal new insights i
184 gest that the FRQ-CK1 interaction is a major rate-limiting step in circadian period determination.
185 t tyrosine kinase activation is not the only rate-limiting step in CLEC-2-induced activation of plate
186 toyltransferase that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis.
191 se (SCD1, SCD), an enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in monounsaturated fatty acid synthes
194 g kinase (NIK, also known as MAP3K14) is the rate-limiting step in non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway ac
195 se-alpha (CCTalpha) and CCTbeta catalyze the rate-limiting step in phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthe
196 ns at a rate nearly 10 times faster than the rate-limiting step in photosynthetic electron transport.
198 -trans isomerization of xaa-proline bonds, a rate-limiting step in protein folding which has been sho
201 thesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is the rate-limiting step in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in land
203 ioxygenase (TaNCED-5BS), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the phytohormo
205 ydroxylase (CYP7A1) performs the initial and rate-limiting step in the classical pathway, and sterol
206 regulation of proteostasis is a critical and rate-limiting step in the consolidation of new memories(
208 des a powerful approach for overcoming a key rate-limiting step in the design and construction of an
209 tional theory calculations, we show that the rate-limiting step in the ENRR is likely the initial N=N
210 esulting from the C-terminal cleavage is the rate-limiting step in the formation of fully cleaved Va.
211 amine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptoph
213 -prenyltransferase (cis-PTase) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of glycosyl carrier
219 on, (b) not inhibited by product and (c) the rate-limiting step is most likely the C-C bond formation
220 dissect complex biological processes, but a rate-limiting step is often the cloning of targeted gene
223 of activation or repression depending on the rate-limiting step of a given promoter's basal initiatio
224 cetyltransferase (ChAT), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of ACh production, is robustly induce
225 rogenase that is required for the second and rate-limiting step of branched amino acid catabolism and
228 Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucl
231 t Trp(72) impairs cholesterol efflux and the rate-limiting step of HDL biogenesis both in vitro and i
233 leamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) catalyzes 1 rate-limiting step of L-tryptophan metabolism, and emerg
234 A carboxylase, which catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of lipid biosynthesis), as well as in
235 hortening, also termed deadenylation, is the rate-limiting step of mRNA degradation in eukaryotic cel
237 ained by a fast rear-head detachment rate, a rate-limiting step of tethered-head attachment that foll
238 tion - the correlation is linear because the rate-limiting step of the catalytic cycle, nucleotide re
241 ferase (GFAT), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathwa
242 dynamic drivers of enzyme catalysis for the rate-limiting step of the industrially important enzyme
246 y when physiologically oriented and that the rate-limiting step of the transport cycle varies with th
249 e been extensively investigated but the main rate-limiting step that determines circadian period rema
250 mental CO polarization curve and reveals the rate-limiting step to be *COOH to *CO at low overpotenti
251 ich and electron-poor arenes showed that the rate-limiting step varies with the electronic properties
252 tion mechanism for NDMA reduction, where the rate-limiting step was a direct electron transfer reacti
253 l complexes have been characterized, and the rate-limiting step was shown to be reductive elimination
255 ggest that anatomical modifications are the 'rate-limiting step' in each trajectory, which in large p
256 f the flap, product release is no longer the rate-limiting step, implying that the flap is important
257 binding events are productive and implies a rate-limiting step, probably associated with recruitment
258 H the OH(-) anion nucleophilic attack is the rate-limiting step, which changes at high pH to the O-O
259 tial allenic C(sp(3))-H bond cleavage is the rate-limiting step, which was supported by DFT calculati
270 ether, these data show that HS17B3 acts as a rate-limiting-step for the maximum level of testosterone
271 d unactivated amide consist of two different rate limiting steps: the formation of Cu-H monomer from
272 Our results thus revealed that different rate-limiting steps (e.g., substrate channel diffusion)
273 scription start site (TSS) is one of the key rate-limiting steps in regulating genome-wide gene expre
274 nate T cells represents the most crucial and rate-limiting steps in the development of personalized c
275 ered to be of importance for hemostasis, the rate-limiting steps of CLEC-2-induced platelet activatio
276 ring and signalosome formation are among the rate-limiting steps of CLEC-2-mediated platelet activati
277 uent refolding and provides key insight into rate-limiting steps of G-quadruplex conformational dynam
279 n a dimer that reduces the energy barrier of rate-limiting steps of the catalytic cycle of Ca(2+) tra
280 ichiometric analysis to identify potentially rate-limiting steps underpinning diurnal malate mobilisa
281 proofreading, and translocation, focusing on rate-limiting steps, structural elements that modulate t
285 We provide evidence that malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting substrate for fatty acid synthesis (FAS),
288 ctively enriches polyunsaturated lipids, the rate-limiting substrates for lipid peroxidation, by acti
290 Consistently, overexpression of VTC2, the rate-limiting synthetic enzyme in AsA biosynthesis, prom
291 ticular, GRU102 showed reduced activity of a rate-limiting TCA cycle enzyme, alpha-ketoglutarate dehy
292 tial MCOs where T1 reduction by substrate is rate limiting, the rate limiting step in turnover of hig
293 ich multiple T cell responses share a common rate-limiting threshold and a conceptually simple model
296 that attachment of the tethered head is the rate-limiting transition in the KIF1A stepping cycle.
297 tify significant C-H bond elongation in both rate-limiting transition states and suggest that the lar
298 cts our kinetic measurements and reveals the rate-limiting transition where laterally associated alph
300 HD5 is an essential coactivator of ATGL, the rate-limiting triglyceride (TG) lipase in many cell type