ライフサイエンスコーパス: reciprocity

1 rong reciprocity) to the other extreme (weak reciprocity).

2 public resources for private wealth-require reciprocity.

3 knowledge of conditions that favour indirect reciprocity.

4 requiring group selection, kin selection, or reciprocity.

5 ich are one-shot and others of which involve reciprocity.

6 d, in particular, reputations and (in)direct reciprocity.

7 y behavioral games that provide a measure of reciprocity.

8 lled the upstream or pay-it-forward indirect reciprocity.

9 : social cohesion, social participation, and reciprocity.

10 ng office increases adherence to the norm of reciprocity.

11 s such as kin selection, direct and indirect reciprocity.

12 rned by the fundamental principle of Lorentz reciprocity.

13 quential transmission of information and non-reciprocity.

14 he evolution of cooperation through indirect reciprocity.

15 hich further enriches the content of spatial reciprocity.

16 owever, this is not the only option to break reciprocity.

17 eration is the use of sophisticated indirect reciprocity.

18 The first is strong reciprocity.

19 level of HES1, strengthening that notion of reciprocity.

20 ion" as assumed in models of weak and strong reciprocity.

21 rchers should focus on natural data and weak reciprocity.

22 havior, including trust, empathy, and social reciprocity.

23 ociality, resulting in so-called attitudinal reciprocity.

24 cluding social gaze, exploration, and social reciprocity.

25 ect to various types of perturbations of the reciprocity.

26 l in sustaining cooperation through indirect reciprocity.

27 ender, a feature of social exchange known as reciprocity.

28 bsent for partners who lack a reputation for reciprocity.

29 rvices and that cooperation is maintained by reciprocity.

30 ant kin interactions were also contingent on reciprocity.

31 otential recipients, which again facilitates reciprocity.

32 sical analysis which leads to the concept of reciprocity.

33 is met through support based on kinship and reciprocity.

34 ission by breaking the wave equation-related reciprocity.

35 rather selection by a human agent was key to reciprocity.

36 networks display exceedingly high levels of reciprocity.

37 ered fundamental, arising from basic Fourier reciprocity.

38 end to underestimate the human potential for reciprocity.

39 ss-free, compact and extremely broadband non-reciprocity.

40 tely fundamental, arising from basic Fourier reciprocity.

41 favor those who already adhere to a norm of reciprocity?

42 light intensity(7,12) and can break optical reciprocity(13-15) to realize full topological protectio

43 erating with one another (e.g., mutualism or reciprocity).(2) Because of the kin-structured nature of

44 We found no evidence for generalized reciprocity - a tendency to "pay forward" assists - and

45 and only very limited evidence for indirect reciprocity - a tendency to reward players who had sent

46 Strong reciprocity, a predisposition to participate in costly c

47 l-oxide-semiconductor technology.Optical non-reciprocity achieved through refractive index modulation

48 This "dose-duration reciprocity" allows encoding of both the intensity and p

49 Surprisingly, we find that direct reciprocity alone does not lead to high levels of cooper

50 d in these systems, far-field sensing and by reciprocity, also far-field manipulation are considered

51 chanisms that support decisions about trust, reciprocity, altruism, fairness, revenge, social punishm

52 nly sustained by mechanisms of selection and reciprocity among peers, but also by the legitimacy that

53 lta, zeta, and lambda isoforms, suggesting a reciprocity among these PKC isoforms.

54 ntroduce a general framework to study direct reciprocity among unequal individuals.

55 We find that, depending on the level of reciprocity and assortment, selection favors one of two

56 y the synergistic interaction between direct reciprocity and assortment.

57 Direct reciprocity and conditional cooperation are important me

58 tact social knowledge coupled with decreased reciprocity and diminished guilt aversion as levels of p

59 ramework based on topology to understand non-reciprocity and directional amplification in driven-diss

60 r engages brain areas that facilitate social reciprocity and emotional resonance, consistent with its

61 ese methods we study the evolution of trust, reciprocity and forgiveness as a function of several str

62 design features reflects underlying norms of reciprocity and individuals' beliefs about the potential

63 In addition to extending non-reciprocity and isolation to statics, our work sheds lig

64 mipramine-mediated regulation of IL-10/IL-12 reciprocity and its impact on Sb(R)LD clearance from inf

65 lf as a critical regulator of CD40 signaling reciprocity and mechanistically re-emphasizing its role

66 xpression of HCN channels may improve ACh-DA reciprocity and motor function in Parkinson's disease (P

67 of cooperation based on genetic relatedness, reciprocity and partner choice falter as people increasi

68 Our results indicated that reciprocity and relatedness were positively associated w

69 Reciprocity and repeated games have been at the center o

70 esent a general analytical model of indirect reciprocity and show that the class of assessment rules

71 e the synergistic interaction between direct reciprocity and spatial selection.

72 h and, hence, subjects resort to behavioural reciprocity and switch their behaviour to defection.

73 However, the neural correlates of this reciprocity and their influence on the subsequent develo

74 itably designed structures may largely break reciprocity and time-reversal symmetry.

75 So far, devices that break reciprocity (and therefore show non-reciprocity) have be

76 estment to partners) yield positive returns (reciprocity) and how these brain responses are modulated

77 urned the investment (e.g., a reputation for reciprocity) and is absent for partners who lack a reput

78 ctive investigation of mechanisms that break reciprocity, and pose alternatives to magneto-optic effe

79 sed array is no longer bound by the acoustic reciprocity, and supports asymmetric transmission and re

80 al preferences in both positive and negative reciprocity, and they provide strong empirical support f

81 s in measuring whether positive and negative reciprocity are indeed costly.

82 that underlie the observable lack of social reciprocity are still a matter of substantial controvers

83 human generosity--explanations beyond direct reciprocity--are necessary.

84 Using this fact in conjunction with Onsager reciprocity arguments, we make the surprising prediction

85 But how does reciprocity arise?

86 Guala contests the validity of strong reciprocity as a key element in shaping social behavior

87 Most approaches to indirect reciprocity assume obligatory interactions, but here we

88 ology, executive functions, and mother-child reciprocity at 10 years.

89 Magnetic-free non-reciprocity based on linear-periodically-time-variant (L

90 Here we provide a model of indirect reciprocity based on simple, decentralized records: Each

91 re, Dinc et al. introduce the concept of non-reciprocity based on synchronized spatio-temporal modula

92 demonstrate magnetic-free linear passive non-reciprocity based on the concept of staggered commutatio

93 We propose a new measure of reciprocity based on theory that relates floral morpholo

94 trial, including the limits of researchers' reciprocity-based obligations to study participants, pos

95 no)photonics, achieving chip-based light non-reciprocity becomes increasingly urgent in signal proces

96 While the reciprocity between bioceramics and living cells is comp

97 A activity and, more recently, on mechanical reciprocity between cellular tension and extracellular m

98 ates into account and using the principle of reciprocity between emission and absorption results in n

99 These findings revealed novel reciprocity between epigenetic markers at CGI shores cor

100 Hxaro, the system of delayed reciprocity between Ju/'hoan individuals in southern Afr

101 pithelial regeneration, its absence suggests reciprocity between neurogenesis and the differentiation

102 There is a dynamic reciprocity between plants and their environment: soil p

103 s, as predicted for an allosteric mechanism (reciprocity between protein activation and ligand occupa

104 dentify a dynamic IL-10-dependent functional reciprocity between regulatory T cell subsets that maint

105 Results show a surprising reciprocity between SkM AMPK signaling and insulin actio

106 ngs underscore the importance of the dynamic reciprocity between the extracellular matrix integrity,

107 ated Ag(8) cluster arrangement highlight the reciprocity between the silvers and DNA in adopting this

108 rin-based adhesions establishes a mechanical reciprocity between the viscoelasticity of the ECM and t

109 he faithful signaling of, and the "embodied" reciprocity between, viscerosensory brain and peripheral

110 at punishment aims to restore justice (i.e., reciprocity) between the criminal and his victim.

111 tion in groups remains a key problem because reciprocity breaks down between more than two.

112 l ecological relationship to the analysis of reciprocity brings theory and observation closer togethe

113 ace capable of complete violation of Lorentz reciprocity by reflecting an incident beam into far-fiel

114 etical constructions which necessarily break reciprocity, by pairing nodal knots with their mirror im

115 Models show that negative reciprocity can arise either from energy expenditure or

116 esearch by scientifically demonstrating that reciprocity can be facilitated by information storage ex

117 In sum, we show how indirect reciprocity can be harnessed to increase cooperation in

118 comparison as a means through which indirect reciprocity can evolve.

119 Here we demonstrate a method by which reciprocity can maintain cooperation in a large-scale pu

120 Because much work on "strong reciprocity" commits this error, I clarify the differenc

121 ationship characteristics including kinship, reciprocity, complexity, and similarity between friends

122 Constrained by the principle of reciprocity, conventional phased arrays exhibit identica

123 We investigated whether direct reciprocity could promote prosocial behavior in brown ca

124 apping an integrative computational model of reciprocity decisions onto brain activity using inter-su

125 we know relatively little of when, and how, reciprocity develops.

126 Claims regarding negative strong reciprocity do indeed rest on experiments lacking establ

127 Most previous models of reciprocity do not include inequality(11-15).

128 eriments supporting the existence of "strong reciprocity" do not represent many cooperative situation

129 ighly structured group environments in which reciprocity does not clearly serve individual or group i

130 Most studies of reciprocity dynamics have focused on trading among indiv

131 Our analysis found evidence for a direct reciprocity effect in which players who had "received" a

132 This chemical reciprocity, enhanced by physical sequestration of the c

133 re powerful, then we should observe forms of reciprocity even in highly structured group environments

134 lemma can promote cooperation through direct reciprocity, even if it is common knowledge that all pla

135 This observation indicated that reciprocity exists between IL-10 and IL-12 and that imip

136 preferences for granted in his discussion of reciprocity experiments.

137 General systems for reciprocity explain the same phenomena as the target art

138 Existing models of indirect reciprocity fail to robustly support social cooperation:

139 Reciprocity failure of the diffraction efficiency accord

140 ed egalitarianism to complex intention-based reciprocity from early childhood to young adulthood.

141 utism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) reciprocity, (from 8.5 to 7.7; P < .001) but placebo als

142 wave-based phenomena, but their geometry and reciprocity fundamentally limit the integration of optic

143 ory experiments of a pay-it-forward indirect reciprocity game (i.e., chained gift-giving game) on a l

144 hains of cooperation in a different indirect reciprocity game in which participants earned reputation

145 rness evolved and that showing this requires reciprocity games with choice of partner.

146 ibution, degree assortativity, transitivity, reciprocity, geographic decay and homophily.

147 itutions that would not have emerged if weak reciprocity had been enough.

148 at break reciprocity (and therefore show non-reciprocity) have been mostly considered in dynamic syst

149 ldren (M = 74 months) would engage in direct reciprocity in a 'prosocial choice test' where a donor c

150 ptomechanical interactions to strongly break reciprocity in a compact system.

151 modulation of permittivity to break Lorentz reciprocity in a manner compatible with integrated-circu

152 However, dynamic reciprocity in a recent theoretical analysis has pinned

153 Firm evidence of reciprocity in animal societies is rare and many example

154 severity of symptoms in language and social reciprocity in childhood.

155 he "wild." However, there may be more strong reciprocity in real-world communities than he allows for

156 ion patterns cannot be explained by inherent reciprocity in social networks, and are universal across

157 Here we show that it is possible to break reciprocity in static systems, realizing mechanical meta

158 mplex isolation and utilizing high levels of reciprocity in the large dataset, we identified many unr

159 Moreover, this signal of reciprocity in the ventral striatum appears selectively

160 s been initially formed, and fail to produce reciprocity in their interactions, displaying more trans

161 ence of their natural DNA target and with no reciprocity in their recruitment.

162 gs demonstrate that pure similarity promotes reciprocity in ways known to encourage cooperation.

163 n gingivitis and obesity may exhibit disease reciprocity in which activated neutrophils are mutually

164 experiments found evidence of pay-it-forward reciprocity in which chains of cooperative acts persist

165 We consider a form of indirect reciprocity in which the contribution of an individual d

166 effect, distinct from motivations of future reciprocity, in-group favouritism or concern for account

167 The reciprocity index applied to heterostylous flowers is me

168 n prosociality, with an emphasis on kinship, reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, punishment, and moral

169 users are predominantly responsible for such reciprocity-induced bias, and that this fact can be expl

170 Impairment of this reciprocity is a cardinal symptom of autism.

171 Indirect reciprocity is a foundational mechanism of human coopera

172 Lorentz reciprocity is a fundamental characteristic of the vast

173 Reciprocity is a general, fundamental principle governin

174 Direct reciprocity is a mechanism for the evolution of cooperat

175 Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism for the evolution of cooperat

176 Indirect reciprocity is a particular case in point, where one-sho

177 Direct reciprocity is a powerful mechanism for the evolution of

178 Indirect reciprocity is associated with the evolution of social i

179 Indirect reciprocity is based on reputation, which spreads by com

180 mit can be overcome in systems where Lorentz reciprocity is broken.

181 Reciprocity is central to our understanding of politics.

182 Direct reciprocity is considered to be a powerful mechanism for

183 sts that in lab experiments, strong negative reciprocity is limited when uncertainty exists regarding

184 However, strong reciprocity is necessary to support cooperation in publi

185 however, cooperation based on pay-it-forward reciprocity is not sustainable.

186 Strong reciprocity is not the only account that can explain cos

187 However, reciprocity is not the only way to promote cooperation.

188 A crucial aspect of indirect reciprocity is observability: reputation effects can sup

189 As hyper-reciprocity is restricted to local clusters, it might be

190 ons repeatedly, whereas the reputation-based reciprocity is stable in the same situation.

191 rimental results suggest that pay-it-forward reciprocity is transient and disappears when a person ma

192 s has convinced many investigators that such reciprocity is unimportant, stimulating consideration of

193 etween cells and surroundings (i.e., dynamic reciprocity) is crucial for regulating ECM architecture.

194 rangers and, in line with models of indirect reciprocity, is crowded out by indirect punishment oppor

195 ons and models for cooperation and altruism--reciprocity, kin and group selection, and punishment--ar

196 extensions of more general processes such as reciprocity, kin selection, and multi-level selection ac

197 lore whether predictions from kin selection, reciprocity, learning-to-mother and costly signalling hy

198 erve that people engage in "local-to-global" reciprocity, leveraging local interactions to enforce gl

199 l known mechanisms such as kin interactions, reciprocity, local dispersal or conditional strategies t

200 An appreciation and understanding of this reciprocity may be required to crack open problems in bi

201 Indirect reciprocity means that my behavior towards you also depe

202 is difficult to achieve because the standard reciprocity mechanisms weaken in large groups.

203 Previous reciprocity metrics fall short of this goal on both empi

204 his end, we investigated whether patterns of reciprocity might emerge among teammates in professional

205 Indirect reciprocity models are meant to correspond to simple mor

206 To capture the emergence of reciprocity, most previous models consider subjects who

207 nd that the relative prevalence of different reciprocity motives is highly stable across participant

208 stence (and theoretical relevance) of strong reciprocity motives, I argue in this response that their

209 t for the observed individual differences in reciprocity motives.

210 ns to participate, which are based on strong reciprocity motives.

211 Reciprocity must be broken to realize devices (such as i

212 ex; fitness benefits may be achieved through reciprocity, mutualism and kin selection.

213 In evolutionary models of indirect reciprocity, natural selection favors cooperation when o

214 shment is a result of the ubiquity of strong reciprocity, not its absence.

215 Given the substantial reciprocity observed among many brain regions, it is ess

216 nts to a discrepancy between strong negative reciprocity observed in the lab and the way cooperation

217 t cooperation consistent with pay-it-forward reciprocity occurred only in a first few decisions per p

218 In addition, we found that hyper-reciprocity of connections in prefrontal cortex that was

219 rk properties included (1) a decrease in the reciprocity of connections with distance; (2) major proj

220 and ECoG that were partially related to the reciprocity of connections.

221 We propose reciprocity of function between beta1 and Na(v)1.6 such

222 Reciprocity of inflammation, oxidative stress and neovas

223 switches are the core elements to break the reciprocity of LTI networks.

224 nd, it shows how the vulnerability of simple reciprocity of misunderstanding or misimplementation can

225 The non reciprocity of the pumping process makes the system a go

226 haracterized by the origin, destination, and reciprocity of their connections, as well as by the diam

227 ot provide evidence for the impact of strong reciprocity on cooperation in contemporary real-life sit

228 peer influences, where anonymity is assured, reciprocity or retribution are impossible, intoxication

229 Direct reciprocity, or repeated interaction, is a main mechanis

230 d the Hall resistance indicates that the non-reciprocity originates from the interplay between the ch

231 based on the well-known mechanism of direct reciprocity: participants become very selective by formi

232 However, despite the important role that reciprocity plays in maintaining co-operative exchange w

233 sus the trustworthiness - dimension of human reciprocity potential.

234 g fairness (equal access to transplantation, reciprocity, prevent prejudice, donor safety net), decis

235 opted to ensure consistency with the Onsager reciprocity principle and the Gibbs-Duhem thermodynamic

236 peratures and makes it possible to observe a reciprocity principle of the RDNMR response.

237 ptions." Guala's review should prompt strong reciprocity proponents to extend the real-world validity

238 ose kin, suggesting indirect benefits, while reciprocity proved to be a stronger influence in non-kin

239 n emphasis on kinship, reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, punishment, and morality.

240 We evaluate the reciprocity relation between electroluminescence and pho

241 of CT-EL and poses fundamental questions on reciprocity relations relating light emission to photovo

242 t human cooperation can arise through direct reciprocity relationships.

243 xplain human cooperation, including kinship, reciprocity, reputation, signaling, and punishment; we d

244 prior assertions that complex and extensive reciprocity requires sophisticated memory to store infor

245 Direct reciprocity requires that individuals keep track of thei

246 Here we show that positive reciprocity robustly engages the ventral striatum and or

247 e, and choices occurred in rapid succession, reciprocity seemed of a relatively vague nature akin to

248 nclude that a psychology designed for direct reciprocity should defect in such situations, many have

249 e (high signal/low response) and generalized reciprocity (signal auto-regulation) strategists - that

250 tation complexity, very low loss, strong non-reciprocity, significantly enhanced linearity and real-t

251 Yet the existing theory of direct reciprocity studies isolated repeated games.

252 While admirable, Guala's discussion of reciprocity suffers from a confusion between proximate c

253 By contrast, weak reciprocity suggests that punishment aims to restore jus

254 Populations self-organise in an indirect reciprocity system in which the norm that emerges is to

255 It is this reciprocity that has caused concern about whether KPD co

256 ing degree assortativity) can facilitate the reciprocity that is achievable in exchanges and conseque

257 between two mechanisms--"strong" and "weak" reciprocity--that may explain the evolution of human soc

258 Despite 50-ps breakdown in time-of-flight reciprocity, the sites' timescales are synchronized to <

259 In a unified theory of human reciprocity, the strong and weak forms are similar becau

260 By applying the optical reciprocity theorem, we describe the signal collected by

261 Strong reciprocity theorists claim that punishment has evolved

262 Weak reciprocity theorists emphasize the benefits of long-ter

263 Strong reciprocity theorists, in contrast, claim that cooperati

264 It is argued that the generality of strong reciprocity theory (SRT) is limited by the existence of

265 scarcity "in the wild" does not belie strong reciprocity theory as Guala claims.

266 In deciding whether to engage in dyadic reciprocity, these systems must balance (i) the costs of

267 personal cost, whereas in models of indirect reciprocity, they punish indirectly by withholding rewar

268 ioning, kin provisioning, and risk reduction reciprocity, three levels of cooperation argued to be fu

269 Achieving non-reciprocity through unconventional methods without the u

270 These findings highlight the power of reciprocity to shape human behavior, even in a setting c

271 the experimental evidence for weak or strong reciprocity to what is observed in the "wild." However,

272 udy from one extreme of the spectrum (strong reciprocity) to the other extreme (weak reciprocity).

273 ering alternative network processes, such as reciprocity, transitivity, homophily, and popularity.

274 on on decision systems for regulating dyadic reciprocity under conditions of uncertainty.

275 e evolutionary importance of how kinship and reciprocity underlie conflicts over who controls mate ch

276 questions in the context of decisions about reciprocity using a modified Trust Game.

277 s could prove helpful to achieve optical non-reciprocity using two-dimensional materials.

278 In a classic case of reciprocity, vampire bats share blood with starving roos

279 fairness of intention (i.e., intention-based reciprocity) vs. outcome (i.e., egalitarianism) was quan

280 This uncoupling and reciprocity was recapitulated in a mouse model by alteri

281 child was fundamental to the development of reciprocity we included a novel yoked non-agent conditio

282 On the basis of reciprocity, we demonstrate the implementation of Zernik

283 To bypass such dynamic reciprocity, we here demonstrate an optical isolator on

284 rtners who acquire different reputations for reciprocity, we measured brain responses in 36 healthy a

285 Furthermore, as predicted by indirect reciprocity, we provide evidence that reputational conce

286 lution of cooperation in a model of indirect reciprocity where people interact in public and private

287 ildren were engaging in a calculated form of reciprocity where the prior behavior of their child part

288 s; this behaviour can supplement behavioural reciprocity, whereby humans are influenced to cooperate

289 be explained by concerns for social image or reciprocity, which do not require a direct aversion towa

290 tems of mechanical resonators typically obey reciprocity, which ensures that the phonon transmission

291 uced autism core symptoms specific to social reciprocity, which was clinically evaluated by Autism Di

292 Do government officials learn reciprocity while holding office, or do recruitment and

293 Insight into this reciprocity will facilitate a molecular level elucidatio

294 We anticipate that breaking reciprocity will open avenues for energy absorption, con

295 In other words, we interpret its reciprocity with living cells in chemical terms.

296 In a second study, reciprocity with one adult led 1- and 2-y-olds to provid

297 e to neurotransmitter signaling, possibly in reciprocity with S-nitrosylation.

298 ta imply that Sox2 and Oct4 exhibit negative reciprocity, with expression of Sox2 increasing Oct4's g

299 mong-individual behavioral heterogeneity and reciprocity within the network.

300 ne of the persuasive mechanisms is "indirect reciprocity," working through reputation: cooperative be