ライフサイエンスコーパス: reference electrode

1 electrode and silver chloride as the counter/reference electrode).

2 plied to the working electrode (0.0 V vs. Ag reference electrode).

3 ectivity through the presence of an internal reference electrode.

4 uction with E(PEAK) at ca. +0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

5 rms a salt bridge between the sample and the reference electrode.

6 voltage of about 0.6 volts versus a Li/Li(+) reference electrode.

7 (pH 6) was estimated to be -0.78 vs Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

8 ing a carbon working electrode and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

9 solvent ratio vs a nonaqueous Ag/AgCl/Cl(-) reference electrode.

10 onducting salt polarized at 0.15V vs Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

11 easily collide with a separately positioned reference electrode.

12 otential of 600 mV with respect to a Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

13 a 1 mm diameter platinum wire as the counter/reference electrode.

14 An Ag/AgCl electrode was used as the reference electrode.

15 and coated with Nafion to employ as a quasi-reference electrode.

16 le to the commercial porous-junction Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

17 g electrodes, a common counter, and a common reference electrode.

18 compared to the drift seen with a commercial reference electrode.

19 ial of +0.250 V versus an internal pseudo Ag reference electrode.

20 a similar behavior to a conventional Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

21 he conventional liquid-junction type Ag|AgCl reference electrode.

22 o 0.64V vs. the screen-printed carbon pseudo-reference electrode.

23 the microfluidic channel with respect to the reference electrode.

24 ctron reduction pathway at -0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

25 ration, paired with an ideal non-polarizable reference electrode.

26 of up to 3000 V/cm, using a standard Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

27 ime of 5 s in batch mode) and a miniaturized reference electrode.

28 rent pulse operation of liquid junction free reference electrodes.

29 l, without the need of external conventional reference electrodes.

30 able from those of sensors made with Ag/AgCl reference electrodes.

31 potential of -200 mV between the working and reference electrodes.

32 reate a nanovial with "built-in" working and reference electrodes.

33 electrode, as well as peripheral counter and reference electrodes.

34 ese Ti/Ag/AgCl constructs in capillary-based reference electrodes.

35 Pt and Ag/AgCl depositions as auxiliary and reference electrodes.

36 r-based K(+) ISEs and hydrogel-based Ag/AgCl reference electrodes.

37 of magnitude smaller than that of commercial reference electrodes.

38 oduce both the indicator (pH nanosensor) and reference electrodes.

39 orking electrodes and silver/silver chloride reference electrodes.

40 g electrode and two bare pins as counter and reference electrodes.

41 e is no potential difference between the two reference electrodes.

42 icrosensor, 8-microm tip diameter, as a self-referencing electrode.

43 g, 100-nm thick) and a common central pseudo-reference electrode (60- microm wide, 500- microm long,

44 electrochemical potential measured versus a reference electrode acting as a gate electrode in a soli

45 cens biofilm on the tip and a pseudo Ag/AgCl reference electrode, all enclosed in a glass outer case

46 a screen-printed strip with a silver pseudo-reference electrode and a gold counter electrode.

47 The current flow between the reference electrode and a second reference electrode pos

48 ntiometric cell composed of an Ag/AgCl-based reference electrode and a solid-contact indicating elect

49 ochemical impedance of both the Ag/AgCl-wire reference electrode and carbon-fiber working electrode.

50 n coating stabilized the potential of the Ag reference electrode and enabled the selective detection

51 om cathodic polarization of the Ag/AgCl-wire reference electrode and increased electrochemical impeda

52 otassium ion-selective electrode acts as the reference electrode and is placed in contact with the sa

53 using it as a working electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode and Pt wire as auxiliary electrode c

54 ever, strong demands on the precision of the reference electrode and requires careful temperature con

55 g requires a post-synaptic electrode and its reference electrode and the tissue becomes the pre-synap

56 the assessment of the effects of an Au quasi-reference electrode and the use of shared reference/coun

57 The potential is measured versus a reference electrode and transformed into a concentration

58 The microFED incorporates counter and reference electrodes and eight carbon-based working elec

59 The cell positions the working, counter, and reference electrodes and has an interior volume of appro

60 salt concentrations in terms of working and reference electrodes and the solutions in which they res

61 is a fine glass pipet filled with a contact (reference) electrode and an electrolyte solution.

62 ric cell into paper, complete with an ISE, a reference electrode, and a paper-based microfluidic samp

63 u working/sensing electrode, on-chip Ag/AgCl reference electrode, and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene

64 rolytes as it is usually required when using reference electrodes, and at the same time, it mitigates

65 e frit characteristics on the performance of reference electrodes, and show that the unwanted changes

66 rode and modified by Ag/AgCl to serve as the reference electrode; and the nonmodified gold fiber coul

67 this new methodology, working, counter, and reference electrodes are completely flat on the surface,

68 The indicator and reference electrodes are connected by a thin ionic condu

69 Here, all-solid-state reference electrodes are described that employ colloid-i

70 To this end, in this work stable pseudo-reference electrodes are fabricated for the first time b

71 Reference electrodes are placed into each of the two out

72 It is shown that the described reference electrodes are relatively insensitive to the c

73 The counter and reference electrodes are strategically positioned upstre

74 These capillary-based reference electrodes are suitable for very small sample

75 ring sensors made with CeO(2-x) nanoparticle reference electrodes are undistinguishable from those of

76 Reference electrodes are used in almost every electroana

77 d to potential variations against an Ag/AgCl reference electrode as a function of Tn I-T-C complex co

78 ode holder for the working (WE), counter and reference electrode as mounted in the IR spectrometer ca

79 stepper motors to move the biosensor/counter/reference electrode assemblies sequentially between the

80 arbon working electrode and platinum counter/reference electrode at a potential of 0.3V and in the fr

81 The use of current pulse based reference electrodes avoids the sample sensitivity and c

82 A charged LiCoO2 or LiMn2O4 was used as the reference electrode, because of their insensitivity to a

83 Using an adjacent Ag/AgCl reference electrode, biocathode potential was poised at

84 strate the efficacy of the leakless, bipolar reference electrode (BPRE) and miniaturize it to the mic

85 Herein, we report the stability of Ag/AgCl reference electrodes built atop a titanium scaffold usin

86 e electrode is arguably the most widely used reference electrode, but it leaks silver and chloride io

87 n was accomplished at -0.20 V (vs. Ag pseudo-reference electrode) by measuring the catalytic current

88 for all-solid-state ISE and all-solid-state reference electrodes cancel each other in differential p

89 of wired glucose dehydrogenase and enzymatic reference electrode composed of wired laccase we have cr

90 ionic strength, the half-cell potentials of reference electrodes comprising nanoporous Vycor frits a

91 Capillary-based reference electrodes comprising Ti/Ag/AgCl show exceptio

92 a free-flowing liquid junction that prevents reference electrode contamination.

93 ial range of -0.50 to -0.90 V (vs an Ag/AgCl reference electrode), corresponding to the electrochemic

94 working electrode (WE) and a Ag/AgCl counter/reference electrode covered with an expanded poly(tetraf

95 t ca. -0.71 to -0.78 V vs. Ag printed pseudo reference electrode depending on the sample's matrix, an

96 ch membranes may be suitable with counter or reference electrode, depending on the adopted cell confi

97 pes with Pt counter, Pt working, and Ag/AgCl reference electrode disks were combined with silicone li

98 leakless BPREs behave the same as commercial reference electrodes during potentiometric measurements

99 The use of a solid state reference electrode enables the implementation of a larg

100 an encased PPyQRE as a simple and practical reference electrode for electrochemical measurements in

101 eel metal shim counter electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode for electrochemiluminescent (ECL) me

102 odes and integrates them with a copper-based reference electrode for simple fabrication and compatibi

103 Choosing reference electrodes for nonaqueous electrochemical meas

104 This battery-less, reference electrode free, wirelessly transmitting sensor

105 Consequently, over as little as 1 h, reference electrode frits with low flow rates become con

106 Additionally, this paper analyzes integrated reference electrodes from a new perspective, focusing ma

107 egrated architecture of working, counter and reference electrodes) grown by low pressure chemical vap

108 Numerous ion-selective and reference electrodes have been developed over the years.

109 nted carbon and on sputtered gold constitute reference electrodes having a redox potential similar to

110 se electrode arrays with internal quasi-gold reference electrodes, higher resolution, and broader mel

111 lectrode for a specific reaction, metal/salt reference electrode (i.e., Ag/AgCl or Hg/Hg(2)Cl(2)) for

112 rodes (ISEs) are performed relative to these reference electrodes immediately after the current pulse

113 H variation of the medium, and a solid-state reference electrode implemented with PVC membranes doped

114 onsumed oxygen was monitored at -0.7 V vs Ag reference electrode in a phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.0

115 ofluidic channel; two microelectrodes plus a reference electrode in an electrochemical cell.

116 try, and drift when compared to a commercial reference electrode in bulk solution.

117 owing oxygen consumption at -0.7V vs. the Ag reference electrode in phosphate buffer (50mM, pH 6.0).

118 t a scan rate of 100 mVs(-1) against Ag/AgCl reference electrode in phosphate buffer pH 4.0 within li

119 t a scan rate of 100 mVs(-1) against Ag/AgCl reference electrode in phosphate buffer pH 4.0 within li

120 ed here as separators for counter and pseudo-reference electrodes in bioelectroanalysis.

121 l value of +160 mV vs. screen-printed pseudo-reference electrode, in the presence of alpha-, delta- a

122 ments were carried out with a platinum quasi-reference electrode instead of a Ag/AgCl reference elect

123 feasibility of the miniaturized working and reference electrodes integrated in the array were studie

124 ts are subject to the deleterious effects of reference electrode interference.

125 counter electrode, and a low-leakage Ag/AgCl reference electrode into a small probe.

126 integrate solid-contact ISEs and solid-state reference electrodes into compact, interconnected archit

127 and reusable full-inkjet-printed solid-state reference electrode (IPRE) was developed.

128 The silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode is arguably the most widely used ref

129 The ECoG reference electrode is identical to the ECoG recording e

130 In this arrangement, the reference electrode is immersed in a compartment contain

131 evices (EPADs) in which a miniaturized paper reference electrode is integrated with a small ion-selec

132 ry, where the potential of the SC-ISE vs the reference electrode is kept constant using a potentiosta

133 No reference electrode is needed since the readout is by fl

134 In addition, our designed enzymatic reference electrode is universal and may be applied for

135 sed in PVC membranes of liquid-junction-free reference electrodes (LJFREs) providing a stable potenti

136 , are eliminated using the Ag layer with two reference electrodes located at inlet and outlet.

137 cribes the development of a high temperature reference electrode material for gas phase electrochemis

138 tion with a Pt counter-electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode, moving sequentially through the 24

139 Reference electrodes must maintain a well-defined potent

140 ly as porous frits in commercially available reference electrodes, namely frits made of Teflon, polye

141 commercially available and in-house-prepared reference electrodes, nanoporous glass frits (often of t

142 g-AgCl electrode in the vitreous humor and a reference electrode near the eye.

143 e both the potassium-selective electrode and reference electrode needed for the potentiometric readou

144 The reference electrodes obtained in this work showed good r

145 onse measured at -0.2 V vs the silver pseudo-reference electrode of the SPCE upon the addition of H(2

146 ses measured at -0.2 V vs. the silver pseudo-reference electrode of the SPdCE upon the addition of H2

147 tes used in the annual manufacture of ~10(9) reference electrodes of glucose monitoring strips for di

148 afion-coated NanoMEA platform with decoupled reference electrodes, offering enhanced sensitivity for

149 ble, electrodeposited silver/silver chloride reference electrode on-chip and a perm-selective membran

150 egration of all-solid-state ISE and internal reference electrodes on an array.

151 ge-neutral biomolecules, without requiring a reference electrode or any sophisticated instrumentation

152 indicator electrode inside the cell and the reference electrode outside of (but nearby) the studied

153 an iridium counter electrode, and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode patterned on a glass substrate.

154 n at the Ti/Ag interface does not affect the reference electrode performance; in particular, over a w

155 at high redox potential (+0.64 V vs Ag/AgCl reference electrode, pH = 0).

156 n alternative, where the traditional Ag/AgCl reference electrode porous frit is replaced by a conduct

157 between the reference electrode and a second reference electrode positioned in bulk solution when the

158 sample solution and a careful control of the reference electrode potential.

159 onjugation to the mediator and variations in reference electrode potential.

160 imize the small current-induced drift in the reference electrode potential.

161 lly expected (Nernstian) response slope, and reference electrodes provide sample-independent referenc

162 The Ag/AgCl/Nafion-coated HD-CNTf rod quasi-reference electrode provided a very stable potential com

163 The on-chip iridium oxide (IrOx) pseudo-reference electrode provides the required stability for

164 tilizing a microfabricated solid-state quasi-reference electrode (QRE) paired with a pH-insensitive r

165 Often, quasi-reference electrodes (QREs) such as Ag wires and Li meta

166 to the usual commercial reference and quasi-reference electrodes (QREs), we propose metal (Pt, stain

167 allic wire to a conventional Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl reference electrode (RE) in a solution containing primar

168 roelectrode enabled incorporation of an IrOx reference electrode (RE) on the microprobe.

169 out 1 V by switching from an initial Ag/AgCl reference electrode (RE) to a Zn/Zn(2+) element.

170 f alternatives to the commonly used Ag/Ag(+) reference electrode (RE), the introduction of junction p

171 nts require a stable and mechanically robust reference electrode (RE).

172 stinal tissue monitoring, each with a common reference electrode (RE).

173 nter electrode (CE), and an external Ag/AgCl reference electrode (RE).

174 ctrode, CE) and a pseudoreference electrode (reference electrode, RE).

175 making them the most stable all-solid-state reference electrodes reported so far.

176 Reference electrodes (REs) based on moderately lipophili

177 d to be +740 and +1200 mV versus a palladium reference electrode, respectively.

178 Three-electrode experiments with a real reference electrode revealed the same size selective dep

179 these reactions, including the cell design, reference electrode selection, counter electrode concern

180 emonstrate that the incorporated low-leakage reference electrode shows similar voltammetry, potentiom

181 asi-reference electrode instead of a Ag/AgCl reference electrode, similar shifts in half-wave potenti

182 Redness at the reference electrode site was noticeable following active

183 oward polymer back contact-based solid-state reference electrodes (SSREs).

184 hod can be used to prepare more reproducible reference electrodes than Ag/AgCl prepared with alternat

185 ed polyvinyl butyral membrane finally gave a reference electrode that demonstrated an outstanding per

186 al with a bulky, difficult to microfabricate reference electrode that limits the potential for massiv

187 ed in epoxy while the other houses a Ag/AgCl reference electrode that makes electrical contact to the

188 However, the potentials of reference electrodes that comprise an electrolyte-filled

189 t is found that when Au is used as the quasi-reference electrode, the arrays with shared reference an

190 By using a common counter and reference electrode, the potentials of the two WEs were

191 When used together with a traditional reference electrode, the sensor system is confirmed to a

192 rding electrode, due to the use of a distant reference electrode, they often reflect those of synapti

193 has significant flaws related to metal/salt reference electrodes: they are bulky and difficult to mi

194 In conjunction with a stable reference electrode, this three-electrode configuration

195 sensor was coupled with a carbon fibre-based reference electrode to obtain a potentiometric device.

196 probe is the inclusion of two iridium oxide reference electrodes to improve sensor accuracy.

197 sponses measured at -0.10 V (vs an Ag pseudo-reference electrode) upon the addition of 3,3',5,5'-tetr

198 Amperometry at -200 mV (vs the Ag pseudo-reference electrode) upon the addition of hydroquinone (

199 ices, the prospect of miniaturization of the reference electrodes using printing techniques becomes p

200 nted device, of a fabricated on-chip Ag/AgCl reference electrode - vital in any electrochemical senso

201 l along the microfluidic channel for a given reference electrode voltage regardless of the flow veloc

202 rence between colonic lumen and a peripheral reference electrode was -14 mV (lumen side negative).

203 d by a syringe pump, and an external Ag/AgCl reference electrode was employed.

204 s the auxiliary electrode; and a micro quasi-reference electrode was fabricated by electroplating CNT

205 The reference electrode was fully produced by consecutive in

206 made of graphene by laser patterning and the reference electrode was handmade by casting a silver ink

207 The stability of the platinum quasi-reference electrode was improved by coating it with a pl

208 stencil printed with graphite ink while the reference electrode was stencil printed with Ag|AgCl ink

209 A shared grounded reference electrode was used in both systems to minimize

210 ition, the position and configuration of the reference electrode were investigated in cell-based expe

211 The fibre-based Li(+) sensor and reference electrodes were capable of determining the Li(

212 -) selective electrodes and CIM carbon-based reference electrodes were constructed.

213 Counter and reference electrodes were integrated by a stencil-printi

214 h miniaturized potentiometric systems, these reference electrodes were integrated into paper-based po

215 easurements, in which both the indicator and reference electrodes were located inside the same cell,

216 The recording and reference electrodes were placed in the occipital and fr

217 Counter and reference electrodes were previously screen-printed on t

218 M KCl) were observed, and the solid-contact reference electrodes were ready to use.

219 The ISFETs, along with reference electrodes, were inserted into fast-flow chamb

220 SFET) pH sensing technologies both require a reference electrode which may suffer from leakage of ele

221 rbon fiber microdisk working electrode and a reference electrode with a miniature junction, both inse

222 ces, successfully replacing the conventional reference electrode with its reference electrolyte solut

223 and counter electrodes, and using a printed reference electrode with no counter electrode.

224 e to the intrinsic properties of CIM carbon, reference electrodes with a CIM carbon solid contact exh

225 Novel reference electrodes with a solid contact coated by a he

226 c membranes offer a promising alternative to reference electrodes with conventional salt bridges.

227 Reference electrodes with hydrophobic ion-doped polymeri

228 viability of producing low-cost miniaturized reference electrodes with interest in many electrochemic

229 strate the compatibility of CIM carbon-based reference electrodes with miniaturized potentiometric sy

230 wer than 100 mM, the half-cell potentials of reference electrodes with nanoporous glass plugs are not

231 Users of reference electrodes with nanoporous glass plugs need to

232 Even though reference electrodes with plugs made of nanoporous glass

233 The potential drift of CIM carbon-based reference electrodes without redox couple is as low as 1