ライフサイエンスコーパス: refute

1 ditional investigations to either confirm or refute.

2 ment effects that are difficult to detect or refute.

3 fluted lithic points(1)-has been effectively refuted.

4 Here, these suggestions are refuted.

5 epair gene polymorphisms can be validated or refuted.

6 tions to separation of the two issues can be refuted.

7 overfeeding (OF), has been reported but also refuted.

8 tic explanations were explicitly provided or refuted.

9 originated, was perpetuated, and eventually refuted.

10 uss how the hypothesis could be confirmed or refuted.

11 y with which outbreaks could be confirmed or refuted.

12 BALANCE could neither reliably confirm nor refute a benefit of combination therapy compared with li

13 These data refute a cause-and-effect relationship between enhanced

14 not necessary but may be used to confirm or refute a conflicting history and test result.

15 Lp-PLA2 inhibitors are needed to confirm or refute a contributory role for Lp-PLA2 in CHD.

16 This fluidity also makes it difficult to refute a country's denial of poaching problems.

17 Current data neither confirm nor refute a definitive cancer-preventive role of green tea

18 Furthermore, our data refute a mitochondrial origin of the animal tRNA nucleot

19 Taken together, these data refute a model in which the chains of the ligands intera

20 The data clearly refute a parallel model but support two antiparallel mod

21 These data strongly refute a parent-of-origin effect for 1p deletions in NB

22 Our results refute a previous claim that all proposals had nearly id

23 gAMA1 cleavage plays a role in invasion, but refute a recently proposed model in which parasite repli

24 ls/L, evidence is insufficient to support or refute a survival benefit conferred by early versus dela

25 uid overload avoidance trials may confirm or refute a true fluid overload-outcome causative associati

26 lthough biogeographic reconstructions cannot refute a vicariant origin of the Caribbean clade, possib

27 Our analysis refutes a 5.0-10.0% relative increase in the risk of can

28 e the companion piece in this issue of PNAS) refutes a recent model of Olmec "one-way" trade.

29 However, evidence that both supports and refutes a role for NO in functional hyperemia have been

30 diac remodeling and survival), did not rise, refuting a predominant cardiac origin.

31 halose, a sugar not present in mammals, thus refuting a role in nutrient acquisition from the host.

32 l provide important evidence to confirm, and refute, a long-standing maxim in clinical medicine that

33 studies remain consistent with, rather than refute, a role for C-terminal phosphorylation in regulat

34 andertals and modern human ancestors, and it refutes alternative scenarios of a relatively recent or

35 h the mid-membrane SRII-HtrII interface, and refuting alternative models that propose signal relay in

36 These results refute an essential underlying assumption of the dogma a

37 These data refute an origin of chondrules in protoplanetary collisi

38 contrast to PFGE, WGS phylogenetic analysis refuted an epidemiological link between the 2 clusters;

39 contrast to PFGE, WGS phylogenetic analysis refuted an epidemiological link between the two clusters

40 derpowered pooled data, neither supports nor refutes an association of systemic antibiotic therapy wi

41 on that is based on approximation for delay, refuting an explicit delayed-state representation.

42 sis of acute rejection could be supported or refuted, and predictors of citrulline levels posttranspl

43 extinction) are typically decoupled in time, refuting any direct causal relationship between them.

44 eliminary drug metabolites were confirmed or refuted, based on accurate mass.

45 existence of stem-cell plasticity have been refuted because stem cells have been shown to adopt the

46 Fortunately, such claims are starting to be refuted by a diverse set of global cancer partnerships a

47 h as N-formylated tripeptides, have all been refuted by recent biochemical and structural results.

48 es with narrow ranges are least likely to be refuted by rediscovery.

49 ntity distributed over all items seems to be refuted by the appearance of guessing in human responses

50 t in the transcriptional repression of AR is refuted by the finding that small interfering RNA knockd

51 Although refuted by the findings of a subsequent study, a substud

52 generally accepted Ni(0) -> Ni(II) route was refuted by us, confirming the generality of the Ni(II) -

53 ntrast, analysis of alanine racemase clearly refutes claims that global analysis of progress curves c

54 ich were then genome sequenced to confirm or refute commonality.

55 ainst HIV than in placebo-controlled trials, refuting concerns that effectiveness would be less in a

56 As scholars have rushed to either prove or refute cultural group selection (CGS), the debate lacks

57 ity occurred at microgeographical scales and refute currently accepted ecological and taxonomic parad

58 Experimental evidence refuting Dale's principle, the notion that each neuron s

59 ismatches and supply evidence to support and refute different models proposed for initiation steps in

60 ackling long-standing problems in science or refuting dogma is not necessarily the best strategy for

61 Taken together, our findings refute earlier proposals that STK33 inhibition may be a

62 primate communication [1] - an argument that refuted earlier claims of primate pheromones [3,4].

63 The present biochemical study refutes earlier claims that no reaction between dirhodiu

64 ryocytes in the c-myb(-/-) foetal liver also refute early suggestions that megakaryopoiesis is unaffe

65 s to Cnidaria, whereas LSU data alone do not refute either hypothesis.

66 parently wet, warm conditions at 7,300 yr BP refutes emigration to avoid xeric conditions.

67 This refutes existing hypotheses linking sexual dimorphism, o

68 domised controlled trials in cardiac surgery refutes findings from observational studies that liberal

69 ion for the Chatelperron stratigraphy can be refuted from many different aspects of the stratigraphic

70 s witnessed hundreds of reports declaring or refuting genetic association with putative Alzheimer dis

71 (WGS) has typically been used to confirm or refute hospital/ward outbreaks of methicillin-resistant

72 extend back into the Miocene epoch, thereby refuting hypotheses that they are a recent radiation fir

73 tudies, that of a proton-shuttle pathway, is refuted in favor of a simple but computationally intract

74 ished using pharmacological methods has been refuted in recent genetic studies.

75 Yet, our ability to use counterexamples to refute invalid inferences provides a foundation for rati

76 port this belief and recent experiments that refute it are discussed.

77 ation using mitochondrial markers, let alone refute it.

78 troversial, and recent studies claim to have refuted it.

79 en ZAL2(m) chromosomes inside the inversion, refuting its potential status as a non-recombining autos

80 ested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and

81 hes gender independence of lifestyle on CHD, refuting long held assumptions and unqualified beliefs.

82 ondition learned defensive behavior, further refuting long-standing claims that the hypothalamus is u

83 r ADHD to include subcortical structures and refute medication effects on brain volume suggested by e

84 t small Hsps bind Igs with high affinity and refute much of the serological data used to assign alpha

85 Rather than refute multistate kinetics, the presence of the inflecti

86 vergent in 18S rRNA trees, the trees neither refute nor support the monophyly of Apusozoa.

87 Refuting older concepts of an inert connector, our detai

88 gh this incomplete study cannot conclusively refute or support the safety of exogenous estrogen with

89 EHR, these putative interactions were either refuted or corroborated.

90 does not explain regional odour differences, refuting other potential explanations such as group odou

91 ied some implicated risk factors for TMD and refuted others, redirecting our thinking.

92 are no such universals, and invite others to refute our claim by providing a list of some universals

93 ge-related cataract are needed to confirm or refute our findings.

94 n other populations are needed to confirm or refute our findings.

95 A recent manuscript by Torres et al. refutes our prior work.

96 ect would be expected among young rural men, refuting our a priori hypothesis that urban populations

97 dividuals than in the young, comprehensively refuting our hypothesis that amino acid availability lim

98 scriminatory power to confidently confirm or refute outbreaks in hospital and community settings.

99 re as fast or faster than the native extein, refuting past assumptions that the naturally selected fl

100 An expert panel then validated or refuted potential indicators utilizing a proven methodol

101 0, our red-backed voles expressed serine and refute previous suggestions that a serine in this positi

102 ts with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which refutes previous findings from subgroup analyses of surv

103 ated oil concentrations down to 300 ppb oil, refuting previous reports.

104 Refuting previous theory, however, we discovered that ho

105 orly quantified rare microbial biosphere and refute recent predictions that there exist trillions of

106 t of functional constipation in children and refutes recently published reviews reporting favorable e

107 d power to detect novel loci, may confirm or refute regions detected in smaller individual studies, a

108 tential failing in this domain: inclusion of refuted science, lack of citation of post-publication co

109 Honey bees are experts at refuting societal norms.

110 These results refute specific predictions of the prevailing hypothesis

111 s, without objective data to substantiate or refute such concerns.

112 All 3 hypotheses were refuted, suggesting that females use a more complex mech

113 These findings serve to refute suggestions that certain races/ethnicities may be

114 sequencing (WGS) could be used to support or refute suspected links between cases and hospitals.

115 WGS can be used to support or refute suspected links between hospitals and Legionnaire

116 fections that had been previously missed and refuted suspicions of transmission in the haemato-oncolo

117 to the conclusion that we cannot confirm or refute that instability induction by radiation is involv

118 he evidence does not conclusively support or refute that omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation in pregnancy

119 brane leakage, but other experiments seem to refute that.

120 This could potentially refute the "failing" grade that is the hallmark of the H

121 on depth but no clear evidence to support or refute the 2010 recommendations of >50 mm.

122 cohort studies have been used in attempts to refute the alleged causal link between SV40 and human ca

123 ller long-term effective population size but refute the anthropocentric view that a grand enhancement

124 sually occurring without facts to support or refute the arguments.

125 Further studies are needed to confirm or refute the association of the Q allele with adverse card

126 icronutrient deficiencies or to recommend or refute the benefit of providing micronutrient supplement

127 gies, independently as well as collectively, refute the claim that a NOS isoform exists within rat li

128 The existence of this state seems to refute the common belief that a flag is always unstable

129 To refute the common misperceptions, we reviewed our 4-year

130 These results refute the commonality of emotional expression across ma

131 These data refute the concept that macrophages are dominantly clear

132 Taken together, these data refute the concept that ongoing HIV replication is commo

133 eatures of oculopalatal tremor and plausibly refute the confounding experimental results.

134 The data refute the contention that CI contributes to impaired ex

135 Results refute the current theory for Xenopus vocalization, cavi

136 able, objective tests to either establish or refute the diagnosis have become a standard of care.

137 namic assessments to definitively confirm or refute the diagnosis of HFpEF.

138 These findings directly refute the dogma that TSPO is indispensable for steroid

139 Together, these data refute the dominant model that Syt IV functions as an in

140 There were limited data to support or refute the effectiveness of disease management programs

141 data are insufficient to clearly support or refute the effectiveness of substitution with NNS as a m

142 pal component and pairwise distance analyses refute the Evans North African hypothesis.

143 , further studies are required to confirm or refute the existence of any moderate associations, parti

144 g reports in a variety of mammals support or refute the existence of extrastriate LGd connections tha

145 Our data refute the existence of healthy obese phenotypes because

146 Larger cohorts are required to confirm or refute the findings.

147 These results refute the former hypothesis that the ancient Maya respo

148 Our results refute the general validity of the infinite sites assump

149 Our findings refute the hypothesis of extensive O-linked N-acetylgluc

150 ptible to immune suppression by WT Tregs and refute the hypothesis that B7-CTLA-4 interaction between

151 Our findings refute the hypothesis that CPE sequences alone account f

152 These results refute the hypothesis that general patterns of synaptic

153 These data refute the hypothesis that high prevalence of nonsecreto

154 ries of complementary analyses to confirm or refute the hypothesis that Iha is a virulence factor in

155 Our results refute the hypothesis that men's attraction to red is li

156 results contradict previous conclusions and refute the hypothesis that NKT cell defects underlie mos

157 Therefore, we can neither confirm nor refute the hypothesis that rosuvastatin protects against

158 ogenicity but cannot conclusively confirm or refute the hypothesis that TFE is carcinogenic to humans

159 primary visual cortex would be sufficient to refute the hypothesis that the primary visual cortex and

160 These data refute the hypothesis that transient lower esophageal sp

161 evidence still cannot definitively prove or refute the hypothesis.

162 dea that insect wings evolved from limbs but refute the idea that insect and crustacean jaws are fund

163 non-synaptic, with every dendritic spine we refute the idea that physical proximity is sufficient to

164 d to either reliably confirm or conclusively refute the initial hypothesis regarding the role of CAPN

165 ur observations provide succinct evidence to refute the long-standing dogma of interplastid connectiv

166 Our results refute the longstanding claim that mastigonemes enhance

167 onic message with an invitation to affirm or refute the message, add comments, and submit an automate

168 These data refute the necessity of DA for the reward processes mani

169 epithelial stem cells for wound healing and refute the notion that stem cells exist within the centr

170 ormal Bayesian statistics, our data strongly refute the original findings.

171 cases, but compelling evidence to support or refute the pathogenicity of this variant is lacking.

172 Little data substantiate or refute the perceived high trauma malpractice risk.

173 These data do not refute the potential importance of indirect allorecognit

174 These differences refute the prevailing hypothesis that similarities betwe

175 Do such "flip-flop" associations confirm or refute the previous association findings?

176 Finally, we refute the previous disease association of RNF135 in dev

177 ical assumptions are misinformed, failing to refute the previously existing hypothesis that human-lik

178 A protocol is suggested to establish/refute the proposition that two fibers--one of which is

179 This enabled us to refute the recently proposed theory that PKA catalytic s

180 and a summary of existing data to support or refute the relationship between the processes of care pr

181 uld be seen as a decision tool to support or refute the start of a large-scale M&M trial on drugs tar

182 Together, these findings refute the suggestion that high-spatial frequencies are

183 Overall, these data refute the suggestion that MIF is required for the CR ef

184 ersonhood, and science can neither prove nor refute the teaching of those religions that consider the

185 These data refute the tenet that the cornea is immune privileged du

186 , and acetonitrile halides (X = F(-), Cl(-)) refute the traditional view that the acceleration of SN2

187 h our results cannot conclusively confirm or refute the utility of intracranial pressure monitoring i

188 We refute the view of the local population as a relevant de

189 This discovery refuted the intermediacy of 3 and bridged the missing li

190 Our results refuted the need for spatial expansion of the core feedb

191 mammals from differentiated donor cells has refuted the old dogma that development is an irreversibl

192 ot overlap the absorbance spectrum of FeEnt, refuted the possibility that the fluorescence quenching

193 eatures, such as Golgi and mitochondria, has refuted the proposal that its emergence from the eukaryo

194 state of protein kinase B and p38, our data refuted the role of these two signaling kinases in FTY72

195 ation caused by natural selection indirectly refutes the allopatric alternative.

196 k of CAD in white populations, which further refutes the causal relevance of moderately elevated tHcy

197 new paradigm of forest loss in Amazonia and refutes the claim that agricultural intensification does

198 ive drift in evolution on a molecular level, refutes the debated activity/stability trade-off, and su

199 ion locally within the retina, a notion that refutes the dogma that RGCs only provide physiological s

200 lation-based cohort study in the Netherlands refutes the finding from a previous report that suggests

201 nflux of carbon dioxide to the surface water refutes the hypothesis that COP seep methane appreciably

202 This refutes the hypothesis that mHTT may interact with TIM23

203 This refutes the hypothesis that such fossil microbodies coul

204 on and discuss the evidence that supports or refutes the hypothesis that virulence factor expression

205 tromeres to the same underlying DNA sequence refutes the idea of a DNA sequence based neocentromere '

206 microscopy, we provide direct evidence that refutes the notion that acute myocardial dysfunction by

207 of pmrH and pagP expression in the intestine refutes the paradigm of PhoP/PhoQ and PmrA/PmrB in vivo

208 This refutes the prevailing view that horsetails and ferns ar

209 rongly supports a 7TM topology for hASBT and refutes the previously proposed 9TM model.

210 This study also refutes the second messenger role of D-myo-inositol 1,3,

211 from a single germ layer, the endoderm, thus refuting the 'dual-origin' model of thymic epithelial on

212 ared to those from loss-of-function screens, refuting the balance hypothesis.

213 review examines the evidence supporting and refuting the canonical hypothesis and highlights recentl

214 logs, supporting the ortholog conjecture and refuting the cellular context hypothesis for gene expres

215 horylated tau-induced MT formation in vitro, refuting the commonly accepted model in which Pin1 bindi

216 Refuting the conventional wisdom of the incompatibility

217 n large marine protected areas than outside, refuting the critique that they only occur in pristine a

218 lerate, yielding rigorous data supporting or refuting the efficacy and safety of new interventions mo

219 ese data support the second hypothesis while refuting the first, and suggest that local Ca(2+) signal

220 ze of studies supporting, not supporting, or refuting the hypotheses.

221 n-reactive epitopes that were noninhibitory, refuting the hypothesis but confirming the importance of

222 re 'organized' after IAA stopped elongation, refuting the hypothesis that 'more organized' actin arra

223 occurs predominantly on K20-dimethylated H4, refuting the hypothesis that K20 methylation antagonizes

224 We discuss several lines of evidence refuting the hypothesis that procedural or declarative m

225 In this article, we evaluate evidence refuting the linear no-threshold model and corollary eff

226 e of eCO2 -induced productivity enhancement, refuting the long-held hypothesis that this effect resul

227 By refuting the long-standing universality hypothesis, our

228 er experimental evidence both supporting and refuting the notion that modulation of these pathways pe

229 e available levels of evidence supporting or refuting the notion that patients with asthma or atopic

230 this mechanism as well as data supporting or refuting the possibility that this disorder or similar a

231 y in the complete absence of the C-ring thus refuting the previous 'cup' model for hook-length contro

232 nd-Permian marine event by over 300 ka, thus refuting the previously used stratigraphic marker for te

233 ficant resources often have to be devoted to refuting the results of poor research when those resourc

234 is not the trigger for G2/M or cytokinesis, refuting the unexamined assumption that meristematic cel

235 present biochemical and biological evidence refuting the use of 3AB as the donor for VPg uridylylati

236 riptome includes active transcript clusters, refuting the view of EBCs as passive storage compartment

237 hich there are high-level data to support or refute their role in treating this disease.

238 ce of these findings research to validate or refute them is required.

239 y has confirmed these findings and many have refuted them.

240 findings in a way that neither confirms nor refutes them; and a focus on comparing prototypical pati

241 confounding factors are needed to confirm or refute these associations.

242 Future studies are necessary to confirm or refute these associations.

243 however, there is no evidence to support or refute these claims for nuts.

244 We refute these claims, arguing that the GKE promotes globa

245 both men and women, self-report data cannot refute these claims.

246 rder subjects are needed to either affirm or refute these data on age at illness onset.

247 to acetaminophen is necessary to confirm or refute these findings and to identify subgroups whose as

248 urpose of the current study is to confirm or refute these findings by expanding datasets to additiona

249 plication studies are required to confirm or refute these findings.

250 Our results presented here refute these mechanisms of Pin1 action.

251 ells when pretreated with TAM; other studies refute these results.

252 Additional studies are needed to confirm or refute these results.

253 The target article does not reference or refute these views, and provides no explicit arguments f

254 Subsequently, more robust meta-analyses have refuted these findings, demonstrating no association bet

255 Review of current evidence refutes these myths and misconceptions and provides insi

256 We comprehensively review the literature refuting these myths and misconceptions and describe evi

257 Here, we refute this assumed universality.

258 y little empirical data to either support or refute this conclusion at present.

259 ed analyses from one anomalous sample do not refute this conclusion, nor do the claimed shortcomings

260 ssils" in a simulated warm polar environment refute this explanation.

261 rial is a feasible method to substantiate or refute this finding.

262 In this issue of the JCI, Foretz et al. refute this hypothesis by showing that AMPK is dispensab

263 linical trials are now planned to confirm or refute this hypothesis.

264 showed a lack of quality data to support or refute this hypothesis.

265 el, but few data are available to support or refute this impression.

266 , and electrophysiological measurements that refute this long-held view.

267 of slime; however, experiments to confirm or refute this model are still lacking and the force exerte

268 results of an exciting and elegant new study refute this model, showing that right doesn't have to be

269 Several recent articles refute this notion, however, demonstrating that at a min

270 No data exist either to support or refute this policy.

271 However, many recent studies refute this prediction.

272 literature to provide evidence to support or refute this proposition.

273 Prospective studies are warranted to confirm/refute this relationship, which may have meaningful publ

274 ks related to continental collisions clearly refute this statement, suggesting that material of conti

275 ed phenotypes, direct evidence to support or refute this theory is lacking.

276 regimens, although robust data to support or refute this therapeutic strategy are sparse.

277 These data refute this traditional clinical practice.

278 le, few studies have been done to confirm or refute this.

279 al research is available to either verify or refute this.

280 ng it to be placental in origin while others refute this.

281 h structures (also known as atomristors) has refuted this belief and added a new materials dimension

282 ntensity levels, and degrees of call overlap refuted this hypothesis.

283 dation is historically cited, a recent study refutes this and implicates a role for erythrocytes.

284 In this study, we report evidence that refutes this hypothesis and reinforces the notion that S

285 Lead isotope analysis refutes this hypothesis but provides new evidence of the

286 t, it has been argued that the fossil record refutes this hypothesis, placing a 'big bang' of avian r

287 rine hermit crab Pagurus hirsutiusculus that refutes this view.

288 amines the published evidence supporting and refuting this hypothesis and concludes that there are, t

289 e report evidence from five major crop pests refuting this hypothesis.

290 n evolution in vertebrates and invertebrates refuting this hypothesis.

291 In addition to refuting this new theory, our studies help to formalize

292 iscuss results of multiple published studies refuting this toxicity hypothesis.

293 ll be necessary to more firmly establish (or refute) this hypothesis.

294 Our findings refute traditional paradigms of passengers as neutral ev

295 We provide experimental evidence that refutes use of either a short donor-acceptor distance or

296 key components in this modulation were later refuted using advanced model systems, especially transge

297 n attitudes by providing scientific evidence refuting vaccination myths, but these interventions have

298 f human language, Martins and Boeckx seek to refute what they call the "half-Merge fallacy"-the concl

299 by existing iterative search algorithms" is refuted with a MEM analysis of their triexponential test

300 diagnosis of HIT, which can be supported (or refuted) with a strong positive (or negative) laboratory