ライフサイエンスコーパス: reinfection

1 crudescence), or a newly acquired infection (reinfection).

2 validate test results and identify cases of reinfection.

3 g protection against that strain, preventing reinfection.

4 eby likely elicits better protection against reinfection.

5 for the superinduction of defense genes upon reinfection.

6 important factors for protection against HEV reinfection.

7 m to be absolutely required for infection or reinfection.

8 between serological test results and risk of reinfection.

9 disease following homologous or heterologous reinfection.

10 l clearance and mediating protection against reinfection.

11 lve rapidly to escape host immunity, causing reinfection.

12 rapid and broad protection against influenza reinfection.

13 rapid and broad protection against influenza reinfection.

14 ciated with protection against ascension and reinfection.

15 inguish active infection, past infection, or reinfection.

16 and T-cell responses and were protected from reinfection.

17 s drainage was significantly associated with reinfection.

18 ion viral specimens was conducted to confirm reinfection.

19 responses were only partially reduced after reinfection.

20 ignificant but incomplete protection against reinfection.

21 cent mice rapidly cleared the bacteria after reinfection.

22 cysts which induce immunoprotection against reinfection.

23 infections and respond more vigorously upon reinfection.

24 panded through local proliferation following reinfection.

25 s development of potent adaptive immunity to reinfection.

26 fe and subsequent asthma in later life after reinfection.

27 odies in healthy adults protect them against reinfection.

28 red long lasting and effective at preventing reinfection.

29 effective immunity to Staphylococcus aureus reinfection.

30 genes to distinguish virologic relapse from reinfection.

31 eased the accumulation of B5 Tg T cells upon reinfection.

32 aders to facilitate robust interference upon reinfection.

33 ever injected drugs, and 13% (n = 4) had HCV reinfection.

34 to the infection, and thereby suppressing a reinfection.

35 cells of IL-21R(-/-) mice after C. rodentium reinfection.

36 One patient had a reinfection.

37 TRM), which protect nonlymphoid tissues from reinfection.

38 potent mediators of host protection against reinfection.

39 s and partner treatments in those at risk of reinfection.

40 duction of sterile immunity against parasite reinfection.

41 is less clear, especially during heterotypic reinfection.

42 cells during homotypic and heterotypic DENV reinfection.

43 nd phylogenetic evidence consistent with HCV reinfection.

44 strong, good, some, or weak/no evidence for reinfection.

45 ntigen-specific memory and protected against reinfection.

46 ases (22.2%) had strong or good evidence for reinfection.

47 a lack of protection against disease during reinfection.

48 tion, promotes healing, and protects against reinfection.

49 both local and systemic T cell responses on reinfection.

50 covery and diminishes clinical severity upon reinfection.

51 derstand risks for prolonged infectivity and reinfection.

52 ties and conferred robust protection against reinfection.

53 important component of this reactivation and reinfection.

54 train induces very strong protection against reinfection.

55 to analyze variables associated with time to reinfection.

56 Antibodies also provide protection to reinfection.

57 or whether they will provide protection from reinfection.

58 y B cells (MBCs) are key for protection from reinfection.

59 acer retention did not significantly prevent reinfections.

60 fully protective immune response against RSV reinfections.

61 e malaria or develop sterilizing immunity to reinfections.

62 et of virologically confirmed homotypic DENV reinfections.

63 atment on the vaginal microbiota could favor reinfections.

64 onferred improved protection upon subsequent reinfections.

65 , raising 2 major questions: reactivation or reinfection?

66 CXCL10 differed between primary and reinfection (1958 vs 932 pg/mL, P = .0402).

67 .01), amputations (26.3% vs 83.4%; P < .01), reinfection (38.0% vs 56.7%; P < .01), and length of sta

68 gen compounds and respond nonspecifically to reinfection, a phenomenon called innate immune memory.

69 innate immune system can mount resistance to reinfection, a phenomenon termed "trained immunity" or "

70 After reinfection, a sizeable fraction of secondary memory T c

71 diversity and is not known to be capable of reinfection, a vaccine could serve to both prevent disea

72 igh cost of treatment and the possibility of reinfection after cure.

73 treatment to populations at greater risk of reinfection after sustained virologic response (SVR).

74 We assessed risk factors for reinfection after SVR in a representative cohort of Cana

75 smission and to help distinguish relapse and reinfection among PWID.

76 membrane and may be beneficial by preventing reinfection and cell-cell fusion.

77 also need to be mindful of the risks for HCV reinfection and educate patients on protective measures.

78 opulation for vaccination efforts to prevent reinfection and immunotherapeutic approaches for persist

79 th significantly reduced control of parasite reinfection and increased parasite burden.

80 nduces long-term protective immunity against reinfection and indicates that other factors, such as ho

81 a critical role in adaptive immunity against reinfection and memory induced by natural infection with

82 th a particular focus on the contribution of reinfection and pathogen persistence to BV recurrence, a

83 resulting in posttreatment vulnerability to reinfection and reactivation of tuberculosis (TB).

84 are critical for long-term immunity against reinfection and require interleukin-7 (IL-7), but the me

85 e natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection and spontaneous clearance following reinfect

86 cells from chronic infection proliferated on reinfection and were highly sensitive to TCR stimulation

87 tion and 2 models also assumed prevention of reinfections and reactivations.

88 e ADR, 2 were confirmed as causing exogenous reinfection, and 2 were unrecoverable for genotyping.

89 re individually investigated for evidence of reinfection, and classified as showing strong, good, som

90 al role of antibody in immunity to chlamydia reinfection, and demonstrate a key function for IFNgamma

91 RSV infections are poorly protective against reinfection, and high levels of antibodies do not always

92 al release and infectivity, decrease of cell reinfection, and protection from antibody-dependent cell

93 hanced immune protection under conditions of reinfection, and their effective recruitment into a reca

94 had acquired robust immunoprotection against reinfection, and viral resistance coincided with severe

95 IL-1 polymorphism and generalized reinfection are associated with less stability.

96 ibuting to protection against subsequent HEV reinfection are unknown.

97 Reinfections are common throughout life, but no vaccines

98 s persist for only months to a few years and reinfections are very common.

99 (HBV) infection and acquire protection from reinfection as conferred by vaccination.

100 rld Health Organization (WHO) U/mL evidenced reinfection as determined by HEV RNA in stool, and incre

101 nd assessed 9-month gonorrhoea and chlamydia reinfection as the primary outcome.

102 nt with RvD1 and RvD5 led to protection from reinfection associated with C. rodentium-specific IgG re

103 , allowing bacterial colonization and dentin reinfection at the margins of the restoration.

104 ficiency virus infection was associated with reinfection but not relapse.

105 Only one person was hospitalized at time of reinfection, but was discharged the next day.

106 nfection increases the 1-year probability of reinfection by 20-fold, and the probability of reinfecti

107 orous antibody-mediated immune response upon reinfection by a pathogen.

108 hich an established virus infection prevents reinfection by closely related viruses.

109 ction, immune responses, and protection from reinfection by either a lethal challenge or natural tran

110 tant D614G, suggesting cross-protection from reinfection by either strain.

111 as a mechanism governing protection against reinfection by HAstV.

112 In contrast, reinfection by influenza A virus (IAV) largely requires

113 In contrast, reinfection by influenza A virus (IAV) requires antigeni

114 ble relapses based on the low probability of reinfection by multiple recurring variants.

115 in transmitter mothers suggest that maternal reinfection by new viral strains could be a major source

116 titers to this protein have a lower rate of reinfection by parasites.

117 Such antibodies provide protection against reinfection by the same strain of a pathogen.

118 SARS-CoV-2 reinfection can occur but is a rare phenomenon suggestiv

119 a C virus infection of humans is common, and reinfection can occur throughout life.

120 Reinfections can boost antibody responses against viral

121 ngeal swabs of all individuals including the reinfection case's first episode.

122 ests distinguished between primary acute and reinfection case-patients.

123 ectiousness was measured in the swabs of the reinfection case.

124 protection from parasitemia and pathology in reinfection cases, correlating with an increase in Th1 c

125 rrence, suggesting recurrences are caused by reinfections caused by other extrahospital factors.

126 tion from symptomatic malaria in a treatment-reinfection cohort study.

127 al incidence were assessed in a treatment-to-reinfection cohort, where P.vivax (Pv) hypnozoites were

128 Multiple reinfections conferred some protection against subsequen

129 HBoV-1 reinfection contributes to long-term shedding.

130 due to its wide distribution and continuous reinfection cycle in endemic communities.

131 Viral sequence analysis was used to identify reinfection (defined as detection of heterologous virus

132 as serum anti-HBs of 100 IU/L or less or HBV reinfection despite serum anti-HBs greater than 100 IU/L

133 recurrent disease, relapse (same strain), or reinfection (different strain).

134 ation-based study of pertussis infection and reinfection during a 5-year period in California in an c

135 Peptide mimics a viral reinfection event to memory CD8+ T cells, triggering ant

136 ificantly associated with protection against reinfection (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.002).

137 eutralizing antibody response that prevented reinfection following a second viral challenge.

138 determinants of drug use associated with HCV reinfection following DAA therapy among PWID on opioid a

139 ants associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection following DAA therapy among PWID on opioid a

140 uraminidase (NA), mediate protection against reinfection following natural infection or vaccination,

141 ne effectors that mediate protection against reinfection following viral infection or vaccination.

142 To distinguish reinfection from persistent infection and detect potenti

143 Distinguishing reinfection from virologic relapse has implications for

144 We aimed to differentiate reinfections from treatment failures and to identify tra

145 = .001) associated with a decreased risk of reinfection (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, .58-.88]).

146 iscuss the epidemiology of HCV infection and reinfection, HCV-related liver disease progression in th

147 Resistance to reinfection holds promise that a vaccine strategy may pr

148 to result in lifelong immunity to homotypic reinfection (ie, reinfection with the same serotype).

149 ponses and incomplete protection against RSV reinfection.IMPORTANCE Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

150 and incidence rate of documented SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a cohort of laboratory-confirmed cases in

151 After viral reinfection in mice, bTRM rapidly acquired cytotoxic eff

152 The incidence rate for a first HCV reinfection in MSM was similar in the DAA era compared t

153 The incidence rate for a first HCV reinfection in MSM was similar in the direct-acting anti

154 The incidence of reinfection in participants reporting ongoing IDU (41 pe

155 The incidence of reinfection in participants reporting ongoing IDU (41 pe

156 of the frequency of within-host mutation and reinfection in populations are critical for understandin

157 ), discontinuation rates, adherence, and HCV reinfection in PWID and patients on OST.

158 ce, incidence of infection, and incidence of reinfection in PWID, assessment of TasP's effectiveness

159 crucially to protection against heterotypic reinfection in situations where humoral responses alone

160 h a substantially reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the ensuing 6 months.

161 d with primary infection and protection from reinfection in the lungs.

162 Patients with HCV reinfection in the multi-centric GECCO cohort were compa

163 increased susceptibility to RSV disease and reinfection in young infants.

164 to fail due to limited access to treatment, reinfections in high-risk individuals, and the potential

165 Patients with HCV reinfections in the multi-centric GECCO cohort were comp

166 on was reported in only 5 participants for a reinfection incidence of 0.81 per 100 person-years (95%

167 was reported in only five participants for a reinfection incidence of 0.81 per 100-person years (95%

168 estimated at 0.02% (95% CI: 0.01-0.02%) and reinfection incidence rate at 0.36 (95% CI: 0.28-0.47) p

169 The HCV reinfection incidence rate in MSM was also compared to t

170 The HCV reinfection incidence rate in MSM was also compared to t

171 days (range 16 to 1160) and the overall HCV reinfection incidence rate was 1.89 per 100 person-years

172 500 days (range 16-1160) and the overall HCV reinfection incidence rate was 1.89 per 100 person-years

173 We analyzed the HCV reinfection incidence rates of in the German hepatitis C

174 We analyzed the HCV reinfection incidence rates of participants in the Germa

175 g those at higher risk of poor adherence and reinfection--individuals for whom real-world data are ur

176 ydial infection to the cervix and/or prevent reinfection inform vaccine approaches and biomarkers of

177 delivered locally to mucosal tissues without reinfection is an effective strategy to enhance establis

178 of protective immunity to S. aureus systemic reinfection is associated with robust interleukin-10 (IL

179 e, particularly when host protection against reinfection is incomplete.

180 established, the contribution of T cells to reinfection is less clear, especially during heterotypic

181 rotective efficacy of memory T cells against reinfection is unclear.

182 i-S. aureus adaptive immunity and facilitate reinfection is unclear.

183 anti-HEV antibodies seem to protect against reinfection, its pathogenesis is not well established.

184 Reinfection may be higher in HIV-HCV coinfection, but pr

185 Reinfection may have contributed to the lack of sustaine

186 onse (n = 2), posttreatment relapse (n = 9), reinfection (n = 1), and loss to follow-up (n = 1).

187 both the occurrence of blips and a possible reinfection need to be taken into account.

188 The symptomatic reinfection occurred after an interval of 185 days, desp

189 cohort were compared to patients in whom no reinfection occurred.

190 cohort were compared to patients in whom no reinfection occurred.

191 All reinfections occurred among participants reporting ongoi

192 Since 2014, 48 HCV reinfections occurred in 2298 individuals (2%) with 2346

193 Between January 2014 and April 2018, 48 HCV reinfections occurred in 2298 individuals (2%), with 234

194 was the only independent risk factor of HCV reinfection (odds ratio 39.3, 95%-CI 4.57 to 334.40, p=0

195 was the only independent risk factor of HCV reinfection (odds ratio, 39.3; 95% CI, 4.57-334.40; P =

196 her vaccines protect against reactivation or reinfection of CMV or both.

197 To determine whether reinfection of ERBs plays a role in MARV maintenance, we

198 soniazid-resistant TB, de novo emergence and reinfection of MDR-TB strains equally contributed to MDR

199 ression, (4) the increased susceptibility to reinfection of patients who have previously been treated

200 by evidence of both persistent infection and reinfection of people with prior immunity.

201 However, reinfection of the liver graft is still common, especial

202 inst reinvading pathogens, but the impact of reinfection on their tissue confinement and contribution

203 hether treatment failure was associated with reinfection or recrudescence of preexisting infection.

204 Viral genome sequencing confirmed four reinfections out of 12 cases with available genetic evid

205 age (P = 0.01), hepatitis C virus allograft reinfection (P = 0.0008), and biliary complications (P =

206 ected before MDA had a 2-fold higher odds of reinfection post-MDA (adjusted odds ratio = 2.5, 95% con

207 ction, clinical disease, and risk of malaria reinfection post-MDA were determined.

208 alence) and human urogenital schistosomiasis reinfection (prevalence and intensity in schoolchildren

209 fection confers long-term protection against reinfection, preventing ZIKV from re-emerging in previou

210 es coupled with the continuous likelihood of reinfection raise the possibility of viral interference

211 The adjusted reinfection rate (per 1000 PYFU) in the first year after

212 ic reduction in HCV infection burden and low reinfection rate among people living with HIV, suggestin

213 ic reduction in HCV infection burden and low reinfection rate among people living with HIV, suggestin

214 Data on transmission network, reinfection rate, and opt-out HCV screening rate are lac

215 We used Bayesian Cox regression to estimate reinfection rates according to patient reported injectio

216 ation, a goal that is challenged by high HCV reinfection rates among MSM.

217 HCV reinfection rates among patients on OST ranged from 0.0

218 Reinfection rates did not diminish with time.

219 antimicrobial resistance combined with high reinfection rates in Alaska make treatment at the popula

220 HCV reinfection rates varied according to risk.

221 Infection and reinfection rates, particularly among men who have sex w

222 fected cohorts were driven by an increase in reinfection rather than late relapse.

223 nfection and spontaneous clearance following reinfection (reclearance), including predictors of HCV r

224 infection by 20-fold, and the probability of reinfection remains 14-fold higher 2 years later.

225 HCV reinfection remains a frequent finding among MSM in Germ

226 us 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the risk of subsequent reinfection remains unclear.

227 currence of HCV, either from late relapse or reinfection, reverses the beneficial effects of SVR.

228 More efforts are needed to reduce reinfection risk following an episode of IE in PWID.Whil

229 Assessment of test of cure and reinfection risk occurred 14-90 days after the second an

230 Reinfection risk was estimated at 0.02% (95% CI: 0.01-0.

231 fferential odds of endometrial infection and reinfection risk, and multivariable stepwise regression

232 risk group is driven mainly by an increased reinfection risk.

233 antage, so more efforts are needed to reduce reinfection risks for PWID.

234 antibodies and necessity for protection from reinfection), seropositive test results should not be us

235 NK cells increased in number at the reinfection site and produced IFN-gamma.

236 ince eliminating persistent parasites before reinfection slightly increased the accumulation of B5 Tg

237 ous infection correlate with protection from reinfection, suggesting that an effective vaccine could

238 cal disease is less commonly associated with reinfection, suggesting that tissue-specific mechanisms

239 Median time between first and reinfection swab was 64.5 days (range: 45-129).

240 2), which might imply a higher occurrence of reinfection TB in a developing country like Brazil.

241 wer odds of combined gonorrhoea or chlamydia reinfection than did control patients (58/508 [11%] vs 1

242 ividuals, there can exist protection against reinfection that does not regularly produce observable n

243 on suggestive of protective immunity against reinfection that lasts for at least a few months post pr

244 hough NK cells contributed to immunity after reinfection, they did not develop cell-intrinsic memory-

245 distinct viruses, a finding suggesting that reinfection through exposure to an exogenous virus is re

246 tive immunity against disease pathology upon reinfection through the process of concomitant immunity,

247 Because of the high risk of reinfection, vaccinating boys who have not yet been expo

248 (MeV) primary infection and 16 patients with reinfection (vaccine failure).

249 sequencing of the paired first-positive and reinfection viral specimens was conducted to confirm rei

250 The time from initial infection to reinfection was <1 year in 11 (41%) cases.

251 person-years of follow-up, the incidence of reinfection was 1.22/100 person-years (95% CI 0.25-3.57)

252 person-years of follow-up, the incidence of reinfection was 1.22/100 person-years (95% CI, 0.25-3.57

253 The median time to reinfection was 500 days (range 16 to 1160) and the over

254 The median time to reinfection was 500 days (range 16-1160) and the overall

255 Neither clearance nor reinfection was associated with moderate malnutrition, w

256 Reinfection was associated with reporting ongoing IDU in

257 Reinfection was associated with reporting ongoing IDU in

258 Reinfection was confirmed in a young, immunocompetent he

259 Reinfection was defined as new positive HCV RNA within 6

260 HCV reinfection was low overall, but more common among peopl

261 HCV reinfection was low overall, but more common among peopl

262 HCV reinfection was observed in 3 participants.

263 A case of reinfection was observed in a Belgian nosocomial outbrea

264 HCV reinfection was observed in three participants.

265 Reinfection was reported in only 5 participants for a re

266 Reinfection was reported in only five participants for a

267 n of a lack of homologous immunity, frequent reinfections, weak competition between types, and variat

268 Risk and incidence rate of reinfection were estimated.

269 No cases of HCV reinfection were observed in the 24 weeks following trea

270 ar, the mortality rate was 24%, relapses and reinfection were rare (5% each).

271 ar, the mortality rate was 24%; relapses and reinfection were rare (5% each).

272 Four patients with homotypic DENV reinfections were identified and confirmed among 29 repe

273 Reinfections were prevented by relocating patients to a

274 ntibody titers >40000 to measles (indicating reinfection) were identified in 18 (95%) and 15 (84%) of

275 4 to 2017, 108 AHIs (80 first infections, 28 reinfections) were reported in 96 MSM (HIV-infected, 72;

276 ortant to distinguish virologic relapse from reinfection when patients in whom HCV is eradicated duri

277 (which results in clonal heterogeneity) and reinfection (which results in mixed infections).

278 obulin A was associated with protection from reinfection, while a high parasite burden and expansion

279 It is currently unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 reinfection will remain a rare event, only occurring in

280 gle-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), whereas reinfection with a different MDR-TB strain was assumed w

281 the adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, reinfection with a heterologous HCV genotype (adjusted H

282 Mucosal immunity to reinfection with a highly virulent virus requires the ac

283 ection, reactivation of latent infection, or reinfection with a new strain despite natural immunity.

284 e due to relapse with the original strain or reinfection with a new strain.

285 e, this is the first reported case caused by reinfection with a separate isolate of M. avium.

286 /-) mice, but not in IL-17R(-/-) mice, after reinfection with C. rodentium compared with wild-type mi

287 is known about the duration of immunity and reinfection with coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, an

288 s could not protect cattle from experimental reinfection with IDV.

289 s could not protect cattle from experimental reinfection with IDV.

290 led to afford protection against respiratory reinfection with influenza virus.

291 ns due to recurrence of latent infections or reinfection with new virus strains during pregnancy can

292 At present it is unclear how common reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is and how long serum antibo

293 ical testing and antibody protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, and may suggest that vaccin

294 tential to provide long-term protection from reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, remains debated.

295 Risk of reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coron

296 protective responses in immunized mice after reinfection with T. cruzi than those in naive mice.

297 elong immunity to homotypic reinfection (ie, reinfection with the same serotype).

298 to influenza viruses can be long-lived, but reinfections with antigenically distinct viral strains a

299 Homotypic reinfections with DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3 occurred 32

300 Notably, symptomatic reinfections with different genotypes within the same (n