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1  by a pre_C2HC motif (motifs common to other retroelements).
2 vity of a phage-encoded diversity-generating retroelement.
3  that has all the hallmarks of a centromeric retroelement.
4 DNA target, rather than of expression of the retroelement.
5 sons are the most abundant type of mammalian retroelement.
6  pollination (DAP) of agamous-like genes and retroelements.
7 viruses and their endogenous counterpart LTR retroelements.
8 ost defense targeted toward retroviruses and retroelements.
9  that at least some of these proteins target retroelements.
10 m exists that removes or limits close facing retroelements.
11 actor TRIM5alpha senses and restricts LINE-1 retroelements.
12 olved distinct inhibitory mechanisms against retroelements.
13  to exhibit broad activities against diverse retroelements.
14  other exogenous retroviruses and endogenous retroelements.
15 ut also the retrotransposition of endogenous retroelements.
16 transcriptional suppression of this class of retroelements.
17 s, simian immunodeficiency virus, endogenous retroelements.
18  replication and transposition of endogenous retroelements.
19 at have potent activity against a variety of retroelements.
20 nt property of all members of this family of retroelements.
21 features that may be shared by other non-LTR retroelements.
22 ly evolving tandem repeats with interspersed retroelements.
23 t pericentromeric 5S gene clusters and AtSN1 retroelements.
24 n mammalian genomes between these ubiquitous retroelements.
25  subfamilies and highly conversed in diverse retroelements.
26 amily containing a hot spot of insertion for retroelements.
27 atures make them a novel class of eukaryotic retroelements.
28  implying that plasmids are havens for these retroelements.
29 omeres when Ab10 is present, tend to exclude retroelements.
30 s utilize an RNA intermediate and are termed retroelements.
31 xpected, the greatest improvement is for LTR retroelements.
32  to uncontrolled DNA synthesis of endogenous retroelements.
33 1 complexes in genomic silencing of invasive retroelements.
34 scontinuous and frequently interspersed with retroelements.
35 nt to block retrotransposition of endogenous retroelements.
36 ptases, are key enzymes for retroviruses and retroelements.
37 und an RNA motif derived from endogenous Alu retroelements.
38 lements present are mainly ancient, inactive retroelements.
39 e activity, the hallmark of retroviruses and retroelements.
40 se the inappropriate detection of endogenous retroelements.
41 ization, a unique characteristic among viral retroelements.
42 contributes to intracellular defense against retroelements.
43 : the reverse-transcribed cDNA of endogenous retroelements.
44  the activation of these previously silenced retroelements.
45 etches of this modification corresponding to retroelements.
46 mbionts, including the virome and endogenous retroelements.
47 ne for reverse transcriptase from gypsy-like retroelement 13G42-26.
48                    Fragments of Calypso-like retroelements, a recently inserted SIRE1 element, and a
49                         Here, three distinct retroelements, a yeast retrotransposon, Ty1, a murine en
50 case study of the highly divergent family of retroelements accord with previous estimates of their ev
51 f the most successful families of autonomous retroelements, accounting for at least 17% of the human
52  single-stranded DNA derived from endogenous retroelements accumulates in Trex1-deficient cells, and
53 k tRNA fragments to regulation of endogenous retroelements active in the preimplantation embryo.
54 ur findings suggest that host genomes co-opt retroelement activity in the germline to create new host
55 s that present-day AID proteins possess anti-retroelement activity.
56 nfluence of environmental toxicants on human retroelement activity.
57 o chromosome rearrangements concomitant with retroelement amplification in several marsupial hybrid g
58 gesting that this differential potential for retroelement amplification is a primary factor in angios
59 igh TF melanoma clones contained the mVL30-1 retroelement and others did not, and some low TF melanom
60 low TF melanoma clones contained the mVL30-1 retroelement and others did not.
61 se with two homologous domains and restricts retroelements and HIV-1.
62 s, splice variants, gene fusions, endogenous retroelements and other processes.
63  of the upstream regions by the insertion of retroelements and other repeats.
64 om the missing link between early eukaryotic retroelements and present-day telomerases.
65 or RNAi-mediated heterochromatin assembly at retroelements and regulated gene loci and facilitates th
66 uch as these, shared by distantly related Ty retroelements and retroviruses are novel candidates for
67  identifying host factors that influence LTR retroelements and retroviruses in other organisms.
68 bitory activities against diverse endogenous retroelements and retroviruses, including Vif-deficient
69 d reveals diverse, mammal-like landscapes of retroelements and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) not fou
70 py number (mostly chromovirus-like Ty3/Gypsy retroelements and some low-complexity sequences), leadin
71 have varying intrinsic abilities to restrict retroelements and that various APOBEC3 proteins may have
72 vertebrate genomes between the number of LTR retroelements and the number of host tandem ZF genes.
73 tanding this potentially pathologic role for retroelements and the precise mechanisms by which their
74 gments belonging to LINE-like and gypsy-like retroelements and transposase fragments of En/Spm transp
75 so were associated with diversity-generating retroelements and virus-encoded Clustered Regularly Inte
76          This correlation is specific to LTR retroelements and ZF genes and was not explained by cova
77               Human chromosome 11 has a VL30 retroelement, and a VL30 EST was identified in human bla
78  DNA, deriving from mitochondria, endogenous retroelements, and chromosomes to affect cellular signal
79 r tRNA-modifying enzymes in regulation of TY retroelements, and in rRNA 2'-O-methylation.
80  likely progenitors of spliceosomal introns, retroelements, and other machinery that controls genetic
81 a link among the lupus autoantigen Ro60, Alu retroelements, and type I interferon.
82 strict the replication of all three of these retroelements, APOBEC3G lacking the catalytic glutamate
83                                Most of these retroelements appear to amplify in evolutionary waves th
84     We further show that recently active LTR retroelements are correlated with recent tandem ZF gene
85 gest that transposition and recombination of retroelements are likely important sources of variation
86   Murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) and related retroelements are potently restricted in embryonic cells
87                      Methylation changes and retroelements are proposed as mechanisms for double minu
88                              We suggest that retroelements are relatively rare in centromeres because
89                                  Only 27 LTR-retroelements are shared between alleles, whereas 62 are
90 oimmune disease in mice, in which endogenous retroelements are suspected to play a role.
91                                       LINE-1 retroelements are the only autonomously active elements
92 rgenic regions, composed of blocks of nested retroelements, are also generally conserved, although a
93 s of a premier model organism and implicates retroelements as conserved features of centromeric DNA.
94 e findings identify nonautonomous Alu and hY retroelements as natural cellular targets of A3G and hig
95  of ACE2, generated by co-option of intronic retroelements as promoter and alternative exon.
96 e integrity of the host genome by inhibiting retroelements as well as retroviruses, such as HIV-1.
97  linked primarily to silencing of endogenous retroelements, as a direct repressor of a placental-spec
98 contain satellite sequences, transposons and retroelements, as well as transcribed genes that perform
99  associated with the apparently domesticated retroelement Athena, in large clusters composed of diver
100  and decayed, and domesticated Penelope-like retroelements Athena, concentrated at telomeric regions.
101 r genomes differ greatly in their content of retroelements, average size of the genes and amount of g
102  better understanding of the intersection of retroelement biology and innate immunity can guide the w
103       We hypothesize that retroviral and LTR retroelement burden drives evolution of host tandem ZF g
104 old dependency reflects the induction of the retroelement by stress.
105 eficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus and retroelements by cytidine deamination on single-stranded
106 nism to inhibit the reverse transcription of retroelements by RNA binding and sequestration into mRNA
107  The antisense promoter of human LINE-1 (L1) retroelements can direct transcription of adjacent uniqu
108                These results demonstrate how retroelements can significantly shape the regulatory net
109 lly functioned to target host ZF proteins to retroelement capsids.
110 tween innate immune sensing and clearance of retroelement cDNA has important implications for the und
111 r tandem ZF gene evolution, in which new LTR retroelement challenges drive duplication and divergence
112 are a recently described class of eukaryotic retroelements characterized by a GIY-YIG endonuclease do
113 on in vivo and whether the mobility of these retroelements commonly results in insertional and post-i
114  human loci were compared for nucleotide and retroelement composition.
115 r in terms of guanine and cytosine, CpG, and retroelement content, indicating a segregation into dist
116                    The biggest change was in retroelement content, with homoeologue 2 having expanded
117 ming the correlation between methylation and retroelement content.
118 ghly heterogeneous distribution of these new retroelement copies result from a combination of two mec
119 ses have assumed a host role and, like their retroelement counterparts, probably function in DNA meta
120       Our data do not support the concept of retroelement-derived cDNA as key triggers of systemic au
121 its were the ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 and two retroelement-derived proteins, PEG10 and CXX1B.
122                     Its diversity-generating retroelement (DGR) provides a naturally occurring phage-
123 response and in a phage diversity-generating retroelement (DGR).
124 on and visualization of Diversity-Generating Retroelements (DGR) systems in query nucleotide sequence
125                         Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) and phase variation mechanisms enha
126                         Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are a newly discovered family of ge
127                         Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are a unique family of retroelement
128                         Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are molecular evolution machines th
129                         Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) introduce vast amounts of sequence
130                         Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) use mutagenic reverse transcription
131      Here, we show that diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs), which guide site-specific protein
132  genes in the terminal HeT-A, TAHRE, or TART retroelements did not exhibit repressed expression in co
133 by mobile group II introns and other non-LTR retroelements differ from retroviral RTs in being able t
134 nd retroelement instability, no link between retroelements, DNA methylation, and chromosome instabili
135 y with CENH3, whereas knob repeats and Tekay retroelements do not.
136 e attributed to differential accumulation of retroelements during divergence of the genome diploids f
137 ruses are determined by interactions between retroelement-encoded integrases and specific DNA-bound p
138 tivity of group II intron- and other non-LTR retroelement-encoded RTs, as well as the optimization of
139 f of the human genome consists of endogenous retroelements (EREs) and their genetic remnants, a small
140                      Dysregulated endogenous retroelements (EREs) are increasingly implicated in the
141 ng C2H2-ZF proteins bind specific endogenous retroelements (EREs), ranging from currently active to a
142 , Prem1, Prem2/Ji, Opie, Cinful-1, and Tekay retroelement families were used as FISH probes on mitoti
143       Instead, a new Ty3-gypsy (Metaviridae) retroelement (FRetro3) was found to colonize the centrom
144                  We discover that a specific retroelement, G2/Jockey-3, is the most highly enriched s
145 , which is expressed from the same family of retroelement genes as PEG10.
146                                              Retroelement-guided diversification is further shown to
147 n situ hybridization showed that each of the retroelements had a characteristic genomic distribution.
148 inase, APOBEC3H (A3H), in the restriction of retroelements has not yet been fully characterized.
149         Our data indicate that activation of retroelements has produced species-specific expansions o
150 ting against the transposition of endogenous retroelements has, however, been proposed.
151  several complex and simple retroviruses and retroelements have been elucidated, with the exception o
152    Originally discovered in pathogens, these retroelements have been identified in bacteria and their
153 se transcription originating from endogenous retroelements have been suggested to be a major substrat
154                                              Retroelements have contributed over one third of the hum
155 ases (RTs) encoded by a wide range of mobile retroelements have had a major impact on the structure a
156 olymph, we identified transcripts of a novel retroelement, here named Steamer.
157 genous retroviruses (LMM A3G) and endogenous retroelements (HMM A3G).
158 frataxin promoter can be attributed to these retroelements, illustrating how these elements, consider
159 that LTR class I endogenous retrovirus (ERV) retroelements impact considerably the transcriptional ne
160  retrotransposon DIRS-1 is the most abundant retroelement in Dictyostelium discoideum and constitutes
161 lains the apparent derepression of the AtSN1 retroelement in fpa mutants.
162 rtion occurred before the replication of the retroelement in question.
163 tion of an intronic LINE-2A (L2A) endogenous retroelement in the CD274 gene, encoding PD-L1, which ca
164 allele is associated with the insertion of a retroelement in the TaFT promoter, whereas in barley, mu
165 urrently play a role in host defense against retroelements in both species.
166 ionary ancestors of spliceosomal introns and retroelements in eukaryotes.
167 -1; L1) retrotransposons are the most common retroelements in mammalian genomes.
168 ute the most successful family of autonomous retroelements in mammals and they represent at least 17%
169 iRNAs derived from transgenes and endogenous retroelements in plants.
170 d a genomic conservatism and gradual loss of retroelements in reptiles that culminated in the minimal
171 he endogenous RdDM target AtSN1 (a SINE-like retroelement) in suvh2 and suvh9 single as well as suvh2
172 well as repeat regions such as telomeres and retroelements, in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs)(1-3
173 e was characteristic of previously described retroelements, in that it lacks introns and is flanked b
174 cess to nuclear DNA as a model for how other retroelements, including retroviruses like HIV, may util
175 lationship of group II introns to eukaryotic retroelements, including telomeres, and spliceosomes is
176 has broad antiviral activity against diverse retroelements, including Vif-deficient human immunodefic
177 t in an identical position in both LTRs of a retroelement, indicating that their insertion occurred b
178                                              Retroelement insertion can alter the expression of nearb
179 d with the TaFT allele carrying the promoter retroelement insertion flowered significantly earlier th
180 unction, one of which contains a hotspot for retroelement insertion.
181                                  Frequently, retroelement insertions create a different sequence envi
182 d in gene disruption in the A genome include retroelement insertions, sequence deletions, and mutatio
183 t because it has been the frequent target of retroelement insertions.
184  suggestive of methylation perturbations and retroelement instability, no link between retroelements,
185                                              Retroelement integration into host genomes affects chrom
186 ion termination poly(A) signal motifs within retroelements interfere with normal gene transcription.
187 in anthers is associated with insertion of a retroelement into the promoter.
188                                         This retroelement is found in high copy numbers in the O. bra
189 ever, a differentiating aspect between these retroelements is the diversity of the replication strate
190 copy number of these IRRE elements (for iris retroelement), is approximately 1 x 10(5), accounting fo
191 , an essential step in the life cycle of all retroelements, is a complex, multistep process whose reg
192 by a genetic element that combines the basic retroelement life cycle of transcription, reverse transc
193 olutionarily young and potentially hazardous retroelements, like SVA, remain methylated.
194          The Fom-2 physical region contained retroelement-like sequences and truncated genes, suggest
195 TR retroelements, MusD, IAP, and the non-LTR retroelement, LINE-1.
196 e estimates based only on divergence between retroelement LTRs.
197 s not explained by insertional biases of the retroelement machinery used for retroposition.
198  potential mechanisms by which this intronic retroelement may induce transcriptional interference in
199  that double-stranded RNA derived from these retroelements may act as a Zalpha-domain ligand that tri
200                             Insertion of new retroelements may directly damage the genome, and the pr
201 ggest that constitutive restriction of these retroelements may help to explain tumor suppression enco
202                             Transposition of retroelements may play a role, but its global importance
203           Conversely, presence of endogenous retroelements may relate to new host susceptibility duri
204                                    Different retroelements meet this challenge by targeting distincti
205 ssor of genes associated with the endogenous retroelement MERVL, but the mechanistic basis for this r
206 repress genes associated with the endogenous retroelement MERVL, in both embryonic stem cells and emb
207  to the presence of poly(A) signal motifs in retroelements might only partially explain strand-specif
208 nsposon that we have termed dRemp (defective retroelement mobile in pollen).
209 adiation and are responsible for most of the retroelement movement and much genome rearrangement with
210 lso a potent inhibitor of the endogenous LTR retroelements, MusD, IAP, and the non-LTR retroelement,
211 1-dependent retrotransposition of marked Alu retroelements not by inhibiting L1 function but by seque
212                                   The Athila retroelements of Arabidopsis thaliana encode a putative
213 evidence for clustering between any of these retroelements: only half the randomly expected number of
214 bp knob sequence) or an abundant euchromatic retroelement (Opie) are undetectable within the same ant
215 n of six abundant long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements, Opie, Huck, Cinful-1, Prem-2/Ji, Grande,
216 ut whether CpG methylation merely suppresses retroelements or if it also plays a role in developmenta
217 x movement and provide strong evidence for a retroelement origin of the spliceosome.
218                 Despite this accumulation of retroelements, over 77% of the duplicated low-copy genes
219                                          The retroelement paints proved effective for distinguishing
220 element probes, emphasizing the value of the retroelement probes for cytogenetic studies of Zea and T
221 chromosomes with nearly equal intensity, the retroelement probes hybridized strongly to the Zea chrom
222  could be simultaneously visualized with the retroelement probes, emphasizing the value of the retroe
223 ere assessed by pyrosequencing of the LINE-1 retroelement promoter in DNA from 55 salivary gland tiss
224 ion and expands the strategies used to limit retroelement propagation.
225 ed ssDNAs are derived from LINE-1 endogenous retroelements, providing new clues as to the development
226 tion to chromosome ends of three specialized retroelements rather than by telomerase activity.
227 aditionally found in high-copy number (e.g., retroelements, rDNA, centromeric repeats), the SLCot lib
228 g nutrient sensing, splicing, transcription, retroelement regulation, immune response, and apoptosis,
229 es cerevisiae are long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements related to retroviruses.
230 been inactivated by mutation, several active retroelements remain.
231  ways in which restriction proteins modulate retroelement replication.
232 pression and in the repression of endogenous retroelements (REs).
233 all importance of this conserved activity in retroelement restriction has been questioned by reports
234 es of the mammal-specific, APOBEC3-dependent retroelement restriction system are necessary and conser
235 n is a widely distributed class of bacterial retroelements, retrons, that employ specialized reverse
236  universal PCR primers, some 80 fragments of retroelement reverse transcriptase genes were isolated f
237 ed in transmission of a mouse VL30 (mVL30-1) retroelement RNA to some of the cells infected by the re
238 cy, resultant accumulation of endogenous Alu-retroelement RNA, and NLRP3-inflammasome activation.
239 D) that form a complex with a noncoding VL30 retroelement RNA, releasing PSF from a gene and reversin
240                                        These retroelement RNAs are recruited into Staufen-containing
241 with this, germ plasm determinants attracted retroelement RNAs even when these components were ectopi
242 any related bacterial and eukaryotic non-LTR retroelement RTs.
243                           The data show that retroelement sequence data do not allow inference of phy
244          Tripsacum genomic clones containing retroelement sequences were isolated that specifically p
245  cytidine deamination, although mutations in retroelement sequences were not found.
246  strongly suggests that all retroviruses and retroelements share common strategies of post-transcript
247 he framework for the emergence of eukaryotic retroelements, spliceosomal introns and other key compon
248                                              Retroelement staining in euchromatin was remarkably unif
249                                              Retroelements, structural RNAs, and gene family expansio
250 ibits a wide range of viruses and endogenous retroelements such as LINE-1, but it can also edit genom
251 ion to limit the replication of a variety of retroelements, such as the long-terminal repeat (LTR)-co
252  anti-viral activity is circumvented by most retroelements, such as through degradation by HIV-1 Vif.
253 n the isolation of differentially methylated retroelements surrounding the locus on Chromosome 10 res
254 a large subset of mammalian retroviruses and retroelements, targeting them for transcriptional silenc
255 s target a substantially broader spectrum of retroelements than previously appreciated.
256                           Alu (an endogenous retroelement that also requires reverse transcriptase fo
257 rsed element 1 (L1) is an autonomous non-LTR retroelement that is active in mammalian genomes.
258 interspersed element-1 (L1) is an autonomous retroelement that is active in the human genome.
259 ficant deficit of identical copies of facing retroelements that are close to one another.
260 The mouse genome has multiple copies of VL30 retroelements that are developmentally regulated, and mo
261 islands of complex DNA sequences enriched in retroelements that are flanked by large arrays of satell
262 plicing introns are phylogenetically diverse retroelements that are widely held to be the ancestors o
263  retroelements (DGRs) are a unique family of retroelements that confer selective advantages to their
264 enerally conserved, although a few nonshared retroelements that differentiate the homologous Glu-1 re
265              Group II introns are a class of retroelements that invade DNA through a copy-and-paste m
266                  Group II introns are mobile retroelements that invade their cognate intron-minus gen
267  interspersed elements (LINEs and SINEs) are retroelements that make up almost half of the human geno
268  phylogenetically diverse introns are mobile retroelements that move through an RNA intermediate.
269 om transposable elements, being dominated by retroelements that move via RNA intermediates.
270    Mobile group II introns are site-specific retroelements that use a novel mobility mechanism in whi
271  accumulation of DNA derived from endogenous retroelements that, if left unchecked, trigger elevated
272 subclass of rodent intracisternal A particle retroelements, that is able to replace Rev-responsive el
273 nd HCV, and retrotransposition of endogenous retroelements through mutagenic and nonmutagenic mechani
274  an unanticipated contribution of endogenous retroelements to autoimmunity.
275 ding binding sites in LINE1s, prompted these retroelements to become hyperactive.
276 homoplasy-free, phylogenetically informative retroelements to draw a complete picture of the highly c
277 idence for a "stowaway" model, whereby Tahre retroelements traffic to the germ plasm by mimicking osk
278 e by 120% and reveal a history of horizontal retroelement transfer.
279 he question of what cellular factors control retroelement transposition in species that lack APOBEC3
280 sibility of co-option by specific introns of retroelement transposition pathways, respectively.
281 ial relative of soybean, uncovered 23 intact retroelements, two of which had accumulated no mutations
282 d or decreased mobilization of the gypsylike retroelement Ty3.
283 ory change, revealing the role of particular retroelements, uncovering broad clusters of species-bias
284 ar structure and marked by high abundance of retroelements unlike in vascular plants.
285 ase in the transcription of LINE-1 and L1PA2 retroelements upon knockdown of URI.
286 I discuss recent data implicating endogenous retroelements-viruses that make up a substantial fractio
287                 Staining for each of the six retroelements was also substantially reduced in centrome
288    The high TF clones containing the mVL30-1 retroelement were strongly metastatic, in contrast to th
289 ns, indicating that insertion times of these retroelements were after the divergence of the two wheat
290  Complementary reads derived from endogenous retroelements were detected in epidermal RNA, which sugg
291 st to the high TF clones lacking the mVL30-1 retroelement, which were weakly metastatic.
292 erspersed element 1 and long terminal repeat retroelements, which are disparately methylated between
293 rinted regions and intracisternal A particle retroelements, which are resistant to demethylation in t
294 overy of complete long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements, which are widespread in eukaryotic genome
295 repetitive elements in mammalian genomes are retroelements, which have been moved primarily by LINE-1
296 argets to include nuclear DNA and endogenous retroelements, which have pathological and physiological
297 ents (LINEs), and long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements, which include endogenous retroviruses.
298 the presence of similar long terminal repeat retroelements, which were enriched at the S-loci of all
299    These elements constitute a new family of retroelements with the potential to confer selective adv
300 f of the genome is recognizably derived from retroelements, with the two elements that are currently

 
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