ライフサイエンスコーパス: rods and cones

1 ized by dystrophy of the photoreceptor layer rods and cones.

2 ties or in the operating ranges of mammalian rods and cones.

3 tients with few or no contributions from the rods and cones.

4 trinsic phototransduction cascade and by the rods and cones.

5 r enzyme of the phototransduction cascade in rods and cones.

6 form a light-sensitive system separate from rods and cones.

7 odies revealed opsin mislocalization in both rods and cones.

8 thought to originate with photoreception by rods and cones.

9 ysfunction, followed by degeneration of both rods and cones.

10 chanisms regulating the light sensitivity of rods and cones.

11 hat differences exist in the visual cycle of rods and cones.

12 key to both phototransduction and health of rods and cones.

13 rinsic light sensitivity differences between rods and cones.

14 e recently, followed by a comparison between rods and cones.

15 or elucidating the different roles of Rds in rods and cones.

16 of the light adaptation pathway expressed in rods and cones.

17 omoter for targeting transgene expression in rods and cones.

18 tic gene transfer and gene therapy targeting rods and cones.

19 erences in the kinetics of transmission from rods and cones.

20 02 microm and they receive mixed inputs from rods and cones.

21 34 microm and they receive mixed inputs from rods and cones.

22 measurements of vesicular membrane fusion in rods and cones.

23 ecovery of exocytotic capacitance changes in rods and cones.

24 ed for regeneration of visual chromophore in rods and cones.

25 parting light sensitivity to retinas lacking rods and cones.

26 istinct role of Rds in the OS development of rods and cones.

27 ehavioral responses to light in mice lacking rods and cones.

28 ically determined release rate functions for rods and cones.

29 ibutes to the sensitivity difference between rods and cones.

30 2A (PP2A) acts as opsin phosphatase in both rods and cones.

31 amic ranges with the corresponding values of rods and cones.

32 that localizes to the outer segments (OS) of rods and cones.

33 y counting both surviving and TUNEL-positive rods and cones.

34 ir final destination in the outer segment of rods and cones.

35 sults in an age-related degeneration of both rods and cones.

36 pecific antibody that PDEdelta is present in rods and cones.

37 n nocturnal c-fos expression in mice lacking rods and cones.

38 bipolar cell which receives input from both rods and cones.

39 ence for Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) in rods and cones.

40 zed to the base of the outer segment of both rods and cones.

41 the duration of photoresponse in vertebrate rods and cones.

42 photoreceptor matrix where it surrounds both rods and cones.

43 ulp1-/- mice, with early involvement of both rods and cones.

44 es with distinct arrestin genes expressed in rods and cones.

45 ed to cones across the gap junctions between rods and cones.

46 segment/synaptic terminal (IS/ST) regions of rods and cones.

47 the dark potential or the light responses of rods and cones.

48 ty of bipolar cells that are postsynaptic to rods and cones.

49 The ERG a-wave reflects the activity of both rods and cones.

50 ry localizes SPACR to the matrix surrounding rods and cones.

51 the difference in response kinetics between rods and cones.

52 RBP is synthesized at similar levels by both rods and cones.

53 leotide-gated 1 (HCN1) channels expressed in rods and cones.

54 eration and is absent from those with intact rods and cones.

55 ment melanopsin, but also receive input from rods and cones.

56 enough to exert gain-of-function defects in rods and cones.

57 etinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) in addition to rods and cones.

58 n the retina, including the photon-sensitive rods and cones.

59 which is then recycled and delivered to both rods and cones.

60 in sensitivity and response kinetics between rods and cones.

61 the effectiveness of PDE activation between rods and cones.

62 cells (ipRGCs), in addition to conventional rods and cones.

63 Tr* activated PDE at a similar efficiency in rods and cones.

64 f HIP mice led to the selective loss of both rods and cones.

65 that all visual information originates with rods and cones.

66 the vertebrate phototransduction pathway in rods and cones.

67 ibutes to the functional differences between rods and cones.

68 known to describe the adaptation behavior of rods and cones.

69 ce both intrinsically and through input from rods and cones.

70 eated areas expressing human RPGR protein in rods and cones.

71 and the outer segment basolateral region in rods and cones.

72 uded from the outer segments of dark-adapted rods and cones.

73 ion that persists in mice lacking functional rods and cones.

74 way, in contrast to the G(t) pathway used by rods and cones.

75 function or loss of the ABCA4 transporter in rods and cones.

76 he rod cell, is reportedly expressed in both rods and cones, a detailed comparison of the localizatio

77 lthough C150S-Rds was detected in the OSs in rods and cones, a substantial percentage of C150S-Rds an

78 Histologic examination revealed the loss of rods and cones across most areas of the retina, attenuat

79 th time) at mesopic light levels, where both rods and cones actively respond to light.

80 Both rods and cones adapt to background light and to bleaches

81 amage proapoptotic or antiapoptotic, and are rods and cones affected differently?

82 he outer retina, and protected photoreceptor rods and cones after a retina insult.

83 The light signals generated in rods and cones, after processing by downstream retinal n

84 a discordance in the site of cell genesis of rods and cones, allowed opsin expression to commence in

85 Rods and cones also provided input to ipRGCs; however, e

86 ylation and chromatin accessibility in mouse rods and cones and correlate differences in these featur

87 en when the stimulus is isoluminant for both rods and cones and entirely restricted to the subjects'

88 ently in the outer segments of photoreceptor rods and cones and in the basolateral membrane and cytos

89 However, mice express only GRK1 in both rods and cones and lack GRK7.

90 In summary, IRBP is synthesized by both rods and cones and may be internalized by the pigment ep

91 significant fraction of the photopigment in rods and cones and produces a prolonged decrease in the

92 y disease that affected the function of both rods and cones and progressed to legal blindness in earl

93 the adult mammalian retina can reconnect to rods and cones and restore retinal sensitivity at scotop

94 ys a vital role in phototransduction in both rods and cones and the S100B mode in the transmission of

95 c antibodies were used to examine changes in rods and cones and to evaluate the effects of the primar

96 /-) mouse pups for assessment of delivery to rods and cones and to Rpe65(-/-)Rho(-/-) mouse pups for

97 ption was phosducin, which localized to both rods and cones and, in 28-day detachments, increased to

98 The pRGCs are also innervated by rods and cones and, so, are both endogenously and exogen

99 ipolar cell function, and rd1 mice that lack rods and cones and, therefore, have no input to ON or OF

100 ich likely correspond to differences between rods and cones and/or retinal remodeling in the absence

101 Both outer retinal photoreceptors (rods and cones) and inner retinal photoreceptors (intrin

102 ly photosensitive, are strongly activated by rods and cones, and display a rare, S-Off, (L + M)-On ty

103 sduction proteins have different isoforms in rods and cones, and others are expressed at different le

104 RGS9-1 regulates phototransduction in rods and cones, and RGS9-2 regulates dopamine and opioid

105 ls may enter cones via gap junctions between rods and cones, and then pass from cones to cone bipolar

106 ess abrupt change in the pattern of bleached rods and cones, and we claim the absence of this trigger

107 red with TFPD patients; the function of both rods and cones are attenuated diffusely in LCHADD patien

108 At intermediate (mesopic) light levels, rods and cones are both active and can contribute to vis

109 naffected in Opn4(-/-) mice, indicating that rods and cones are capable of driving these responses in

110 The discovery that mice lacking rods and cones are capable of regulating their circadian

111 Rods and cones are frequent targets of heritable neurode

112 Rods and cones are morphologically and developmentally d

113 ly localized and the light responses of both rods and cones are only modestly compromised in prCAD(-/

114 In adults, rods and cones are present in approximately equal number

115 To determine whether retinal rods and cones are required for this response, the effec

116 Rods and cones are retinal photoreceptor neurons require

117 lls has overthrown the long-held belief that rods and cones are the exclusive retinal photoreceptors.

118 Photoreceptors, rods and cones are the most abundant cell type in the ma

119 en accepted for a hundred years or more that rods and cones are the only photoreceptive cells in the

120 lume, the most important differences between rods and cones are: (1) decreased transduction gain, ref

121 Opsins, which are located in rods and cones, are the pigments for vision but it is no

122 f the retina, including the outer segment of rods and cones, as revealed by immunohistochemistry.

123 hat SAMD7 is localized in the nuclei of both rods and cones, as well as in those of cells belonging t

124 ts complement of photoreceptors: the classic rods and cones, as well as the intrinsically photosensit

125 logically, an improvement in the survival of rods and cones at early and late disease stages.

126 and KA agonists and antagonists showed that rods and cones both contact pharmacologically similar AM

127 Rods and cones both contribute to the response over seve

128 Rods and cones both showed slow recovery from bleach aft

129 ts phototransduction and affects survival of rods and cones but does not interfere with normal photor

130 in the mammalian retina is not restricted to rods and cones but extends to a small number of intrinsi

131 light under dark-adapted conditions, unlike rods and cones but like most invertebrate photoreceptors

132 (Crx(-/-) ) with degeneration of the retinal rods and cones, but a preserved non-image forming optic

133 differs from phototransduction in mammalian rods and cones, but is remarkably similar to signaling i

134 e responsible for synthesis of cyclic GMP in rods and cones, but their individual contributions to ph

135 cessive LCA1 blindness, both of which affect rods and cones, but they cannot explain the selective lo

136 g cones by a cone-specific Cre and in mature rods and cones by a tamoxifen-activatable Cre.

137 l development involves orderly generation of rods and cones by complex mechanisms.

138 strates the transcriptional networks of both rods and cones by coordinating the expression of photore

139 ylation of photoactivated visual pigments in rods and cones by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GR

140 various vertebrates, differentially labeled rods and cones by lightly staining rod cell bodies, axon

141 roteins (GCAPs) imparts light sensitivity to rods and cones by producing cyclic GMP (cGMP) to open cG

142 llecting flash photoresponses from zebrafish rods and cones by recording membrane current with a suct

143 neurodegeneration with eventual loss of both rods and cones by twelve weeks.

144 ces of peripherin/rds overexpression in both rods and cones by Western blot and immunoprecipitation a

145 lls (ipRGCs) provide a conduit through which rods and cones can access brain circuits mediating circa

146 Both rods and cones can support an intact IS/OS junction and

147 hatase regulator) that are expressed in both rods and cones, cause variable disease pathogenesis.

148 nsitivity of release is indistinguishable in rods and cones, consistent with their possessing similar

149 Rods and cones contain closely related but distinct G pr

150 and the distinct topographic distribution of rods and cones correlate with specific ecological needs

151 in nonvisual photoreception, suggesting that rods and cones could operate in this capacity.

152 In some RP cases, rods and cones die off simultaneously or even cone death

153 ter birth (P12-13), and light signaling from rods and cones does not begin until approximately P10.

154 ty was localized to distal processes of both rods and cones during development.

155 onse points to a profound difference between rods and cones; essentially all rods, including those wi

156 Thus, these studies suggest that rods and cones, express the same form of GRK1.

157 ase when free Ca2+ concentrations in retinal rods and cones fall after illumination and inhibit the c

158 Photoreceptor cell loss of both rods and cones followed a similar time course after RD.

159 At the same time, the competition between rods and cones for retina-derived chromophore slowed con

160 Toward this end, rods and cones form triad synapses with dendrites of dis

161 the properties of HCN channels in salamander rods and cones, from the biophysical to the functional l

162 Extracellular activity from populations of rods and cones generate the negative-going a-wave, while

163 Moreover rods and cones have a different anatomy, with only rods

164 Rods and cones have a modified ciliary compartment calle

165 Since rods and cones have different G-protein alpha subunits,

166 Rods and cones have many structural and molecular simila

167 These data support the premise that rods and cones have mechanisms for handling retinoids an

168 We show that in rods and cones, HCN channels increase the natural freque

169 called "short" and "long", which seem to be rods and cones; however, the outer segments of both have

170 ighter light, slow photoresponse recovery in rods and cones impaired visual responses to high tempora

171 ich provides the first record of mineralized rods and cones in a fossil and indicates that this 300 M

172 ey rods and cones respond to light much like rods and cones in amphibians and mammals.

173 The function of rods and cones in children born extremely preterm has no

174 of the light-sensitivity difference between rods and cones in darkness.

175 rtebrates with properties much like those of rods and cones in existing vertebrate species.

176 lete maps of the topographic distribution of rods and cones in four species of Australian passerines

177 We have previously shown that rods and cones in lamprey respond to light much like pho

178 The number of apoptotic rods and cones in light-damaged eyes correlated signific

179 We investigated gap-junctional coupling of rods and cones in macaque retina.

180 d into single rods diffused into neighboring rods and cones in quinpirole-treated retinas but only di

181 Hyperoxia prevents the degeneration of both rods and cones in retinas heavily dominated by cones and

182 This study provides in vivo images of rods and cones in STGD1.

183 l and temporal aspects of development of new rods and cones in the adult goldfish by using a combinat

184 We show that various types of rods and cones in the dark-adapted salamander retina are

185 the formation of this connectivity, immature rods and cones in the ferret extend processes beyond the

186 demonstrate that CNTFRalpha is expressed by rods and cones in the normal adult canine retina and sug

187 In adult zebrafish, crx is expressed by both rods and cones in the outer nuclear layer, and in cells

188 s showed sparing of foveal cones and loss of rods and cones in the parafovea.

189 The interactions between rods and cones in the retina have been the focus of innu

190 electrical coupling between rods and between rods and cones in the salamander retina.

191 ch, and indicates a major difference between rods and cones in the way that they cope with the photop

192 gnosed patients exhibit considerable loss of rods and cones in their peripheral retinas.

193 e functional role of GRK1 phosphorylation in rods and cones in vivo, we generated mutant mice in whic

194 f these light-dependent channels to those of rods and cones indicates that significant aspects of the

195 They involve the neurons with which both rods and cones interconnect--retinal second- and third-o

196 tained, raising the possibility that, unlike rods and cones, ipRGCs do not adjust their sensitivity a

197 The visual receptor of rods and cones is a covalent complex of the apoprotein,

198 A negative phototransduction feedback in rods and cones is critical for the timely termination of

199 The transduction of light by retinal rods and cones is effected by homologous G-protein casca

200 termining the functional differences between rods and cones is unknown.

201 BP4, a photoreceptor-specific protein of the rods and cones, is essential for the development and mai

202 nding diseases caused by the degeneration of rods and cones, leaving the remainder of the visual syst

203 ive blinding diseases caused by the death of rods and cones, leaving the remainder of the visual syst

204 In mammalian rods and cones, light activation of the visual pigments

205 In addition to rods and cones, mammals have inner retinal photoreceptor

206 in sensitivity and response kinetics between rods and cones may be the result of a difference in the

207 e apparent OS structural differences between rods and cones may cause cones to be more susceptible to

208 inetics of synaptic transmitter release from rods and cones may contribute to differences in postsyna

209 l differences in the light responsiveness of rods and cones may result in part from differences in th

210 ame in lamprey and in amphibian or mammalian rods and cones; moreover background light shifts respons

211 ion at about the same intensity as mammalian rods, and cones never saturate.

212 These data identify a signaling mechanism in rods and cones of potential importance for therapies of

213 The absorption of photons in rods and cones of the retina activate homologous biochem

214 These rhythms depend not on the rods and cones of the retina, but on retinal ganglion ce

215 Rods and cones of the two vertebrate lateral eyes hyperp

216 vioural demands by differentially recruiting rods and cones on fast timescales.

217 nt of light adaptation not typically seen in rods and cones or in invertebrate rhabdomeric photorecep

218 toreceptor cells, such as ciliary vertebrate rods and cones or protostome microvillar eye photorecept

219 GCs, (ii) the photo-transduction pathways of rods and cones, or (iii) the melanopsin protein and show

220 Consistent with expression of RPGR in rods and cones, our results show that mutations in RPGR,

221 e loss of light-sensing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) over time.

222 nts modulate many aspects of the function of rods and cones, producing their unique physiological pro

223 hotopigment melanopsin (OPN4), together with rods and cones, provide light information driving nonvis

224 Mice without cones (cl) or without both rods and cones (rdta/cl) showed unattenuated phase-shift

225 sults suggest that classical photoreceptors (rods and cones) regulate the expression of melanopsin mR

226 utions to the functional differences between rods and cones remain speculative.

227 od cell-specific mutation to degeneration of rods and cones remains unclear.

228 Photoreceptor cell (rods and cones) renewal is accompanied by intermittent s

229 Rods and cones resolve details in the visual scene.

230 essential for light detection in vertebrate rods and cones, respectively.

231 Rods and cones respond differently to RD.

232 We show that lamprey rods and cones respond to light much like rods and cones

233 Mice lacking rods and cones retain pupillary light reflexes that are

234 is work defines the epigenomic landscapes of rods and cones, revealing features relevant to photorece

235 nts of transcription factor binding sites in rods and cones, revealing key differences in the cis-reg

236 erating the second messenger cGMP in retinal rods and cones, ROS-GC plays a central role in visual tr

237 Xenopus rods and cones secrete into the interphotoreceptor matri

238 Although rods and cones seem to contain distinct transducin subun

239 ng of the phototransduction paralogs between rods and cones seen across vertebrates.

240 I(RC) can be observed in rods and cones separated by at least 260 mum, and its wa

241 Retinal rods and cones share a phototransduction pathway involvi

242 one, but not rod photoreceptors, even though rods and cones share similar structures, and closely rel

243 Rods and cones share the same isoforms of recoverin and

244 We find that rods and cones shift into the ablation zone over several

245 th functional, nonfunctional, or degenerated rods and cones show that DENAQ is effective only in reti

246 type of cell-to-cell communication) between rods and cones, so that they are functional (open) at ni

247 Rods and cones subserve mouse vision over a 100 million-

248 between rods and to a lesser extent between rods and cones, suggesting that Cx35/36 may participate

249 ese mosaic retinas demonstrated that rescued rods (and cones) survive, even when they are greatly out

250 ropose a unified nomenclature for vertebrate rods and cones that aligns with the naming systems of ot

251 In rods and cones that appear stressed we identify elongate

252 Why do vertebrates use rods and cones that hyperpolarize, when in insect eyes a

253 g steps evoked sustained calcium currents in rods and cones that in turn produced transient excitator

254 ate definitive molecular differences between rods and cones that may underlie the physiological diffe

255 In addition to rods and cones, the mammalian eye contains a third class

256 In addition to rods and cones, the retina contains a small population o

257 e outer nuclear layer develops normally, but rods and cones then quickly degenerate.

258 ed phototransduction gene expression in both rods and cones, thereby blocking functional maturation o

259 butes to visual-pigment renewal in mammalian rods and cones through a non-enzymatic process involving

260 Fluorescently labeled Rab3A, delivered into rods and cones through a patch pipette, binds to and dis

261 These roles may be different in rods and cones, thus contributing to the phenotypic hete

262 BP4 is critical for signal transmission from rods and cones to second-order neurons.

263 The localization of cTalpha in rods and cones under different light conditions was dete

264 channels speed up the light response of both rods and cones under distinct adaptational conditions.

265 Retinal rods and cones underlie scotopic and photopic vision, re

266 Despite the fact that rods and cones use a G-protein signaling cascade with si

267 tic vesicle endocytosis, we hypothesize that rods and cones use distinct mechanisms for vesicle recyc

268 Rods and cones use intracellular Ca(2+) to regulate many

269 the photoreceptors of the parietal eye, like rods and cones, use a cGMP cascade and not an InsP3-medi

270 and detailed; they argue for the presence of rods and cones very early in the evolution of vertebrate

271 gment melanopsin and also receive input from rods and cones via bipolar cells and amacrine cells.

272 s in retina detect the glutamate released by rods and cones via metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mG

273 hosphodiesterase pathway found in vertebrate rods and cones, visual transduction in cephalopod (squid

274 The function of dark-adapted GRK1-S21A rods and cones was also unaffected, as demonstrated by t

275 ography, and morphologic preservation of the rods and cones was assessed with immunohistochemistry.

276 e to light even when all synaptic input from rods and cones was blocked.

277 Neurobiotin coupling between rods and cones was consistent with our electrical record

278 , and the location of the cone Talpha within rods and cones was examined under different light condit

279 Coupling between rods and cones was not modulated by either dim backgroun

280 Exocytosis from rods and cones was triggered by membrane depolarization

281 ights into the molecular differences between rods and cones, we compared the gene expression profile

282 Using mice lacking rods and cones, we measured the action spectrum for phas

283 Marked differences in the distribution of rods and cones were also found.

284 Voltage-gated L-type Ca(2+) currents in rods and cones were differently modulated by SRIF.

285 Retinal rods and cones were evaluated in wild-type (WT), Arr1(-/

286 Rods and cones were immunolabeled with specific antibodi

287 Rods and cones were labeled, and apoptotic cells were id

288 sis revealed that outer segments of Rp1(-/-) rods and cones were morphologically abnormal and became

289 For decades, rods and cones were thought to be the only photoreceptor

290 functionally significant differences between rods and cones, whereas excitatory and adaptational prop

291 for the image-forming pathway begins at the rods and cones, whereas that for the non-image-forming p

292 In vertebrate retina, rods and cones, which are connected by gap junctions, ex

293 Retinal rods and cones, which are the front-end light detectors

294 of simple ciliated cells, unlike vertebrate rods and cones, which display more elaborate, surface-ex

295 In mammals, light is detected by (1) rods and cones, which mediate visual function, and (2) i

296 ision relies on two types of photoreceptors, rods and cones, which signal increments in light intensi

297 ans and zebrafish, GRK1 is expressed in both rods and cones while GRK7 is expressed only in cones.

298 RPGR was found in the connecting cilia of rods and cones with no evidence for species-dependent va

299 ipheral regions contained reduced numbers of rods and cones with short to absent outer segments.

300 e kinetics of photoresponse recovery in both rods and cones, with this mechanism probably especially