ライフサイエンスコーパス: sanction

1 n achieving certain goals or avoiding social sanctions).

2 , of whom 25 824 (31.1%) received a criminal sanction.

3 their achievement by means of incentives or sanctions.

4 conflict and the start of the United Nations sanctions.

5 comprising the majority of criminal justice sanctions.

6 ow they communicate the lifting of rules and sanctions.

7 ent norm violations but not across different sanctions.

8 otiations ought not focus on enforcement and sanctions.

9 tries, academic publication, monitoring, and sanctions.

10 th international law, even in the absence of sanctions.

11 to those of groups featuring costly material sanctions.

12 emotions play in guiding judgments of social sanctions.

13 no statistical evidence of an effect for UN sanctions.

14 members of treatment villages due to fear of sanctions.

15 e governmental investigations and meaningful sanctions.

16 ally appropriate expectations, policies, and sanctions.

17 , but that may trigger fitness-reducing host sanctions.

18 ions to discouraging attackers via political sanctions.

19 ating opponent, and an honest party is never sanctioned.

20 nt of entry, but that non-fixing nodules are sanctioned.

21 es of motor neuron disease has recently been sanctioned.

22 bligation to the community to participate in sanctioned activities favoured initial adoption.

23 sucrose were observed, suggesting that plant sanctions affect carbon supply to nodules.

24 ased O(2) supply as a possible mechanism for sanctions against cheating rhizobia.

25 lic and many physicians supported the use of sanctions against individual health professionals percei

26 uring single- and co-inoculations, and 'host sanctions' against less effective strains during co-inoc

27 Such fig-level sanctions allow uncooperative wasps, which do not bring

28 s her future level of cooperation under both sanction and no-sanction conditions, and that this predi

29 Sanctioned and coordinated approaches towards managing t

30 until disk diffusion test modifications are sanctioned and published by the NCCLS.

31 evidence of the effectiveness of centralized sanctioning and demonstrates the causal effect of legiti

32 Here we show the effect of centralized sanctioning and legitimate authority on cooperation.

33 wed a significant causal association between sanctions and increased mortality.

34 ruse of terminology that stresses regulatory sanctions and thus perpetuates fear of loss through a fo

35 hown a correlation between the imposition of sanctions and worsening health conditions in target coun

36 , and symbiotic function (trade, rewards and sanctions), and the spatially restricted colonisation se

37 e conventional paradigm would typically have sanctioned, and required considerable design flexibility

38 peated interactions, partner control through sanctioning, and partner (de)selection for future intera

39 be cited in civil law suits, administrative sanctions, and criminal prosecutions.

40 ent mental health court diversion, community sanctions, and prior imprisonment were associated with i

41 lth, particularly when they trigger negative sanctions; and (4) the impact of gender norms on health

42 t informed of any aid sanctions nor did such sanctions apply to them.

43 Aid sanctions are a type of financial punishment imposed on

44 rtance of assessing health impacts while aid sanctions are imposed, and highlights the need to monito

45 Our findings suggest that aid sanctions are leading to increases in child and maternal

46 t results are obtained when both rewards and sanctions are synergistically combined into a single pol

47 Sanctions are used ubiquitously to enforce obedience to

48 Our findings underscore the need to rethink sanctions as a foreign-policy tool, highlighting the imp

49 cial behavior mainly occurs absent "earthly" sanctioning authorities.

50 for decades, with most religious authorities sanctioning both living-organ and deceased-organ donatio

51 when microbiome regulation is driven by host sanctioning, both resistance and resilience to invasion

52 despread criticism for not imposing forceful sanctions, but considerable uncertainty remains about ho

53 s through intentional policies and practices sanctioned by government and institutions.

54 read abandonment of CMT beyond circumstances sanctioned by guidelines may affect survival.

55 nfection in high-risk patients, although not sanctioned by Infectious Disease Society of America guid

56 This astroglial-inductive action is not sanctioned by other members of the TGFbeta superfamily.

57 ed-duration work shifts, which are currently sanctioned by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Med

58 More generally, such sanctions by one or both partners may be important in st

59 has been on third-party punishment, punitive sanctions by those not directly harmed, as key for norm

60 unity" enforcement, dynamically concentrated sanctions can reduce the punishment level necessary to t

61 The system-sanctioned change intervention holds considerable promis

62 tative U.S. sample, we found that the system-sanctioned change intervention successfully increased li

63 The NBA has sanctioned Columbia University Medical Center to conduct

64 level, participants identified that formally sanctioned communication structures and processes often

65 el of cooperation under both sanction and no-sanction conditions, and that this predictive activity c

66 thnolinguistic units enforced by third-party sanctions could have a deep evolutionary history in the

67 Relative to our control group of 66 never-sanctioned countries, aid sanctions reduced ODA by an es

68 databases, and a novel global dataset on aid sanctions created for this study.

69 nion, and the progressive tightening of U.S. sanctions, Cuba's model health care system has become th

70 tal health court diversion, recent community sanction, current imprisonment, and recent prior impriso

71 lation health metrics databases, established sanctions databases, and a novel global dataset on aid s

72 Some physicians seem to be willing to sanction deception of insurance companies.

73 26% of respondents sanctioned deception, 70% supported appealing, and 4% su

74 quate time to appeal coverage decisions, 50% sanctioned deception.

75 osity on available resources and temporarily sanctioning defectors.

76 estigated historical redlining, a government-sanctioned discriminatory policy, in relation to cardiov

77 legal debt, supporting claims that financial sanctions disproportionately harm low-income defendants

78 ng from duplicates with different authors to sanctioned duplicates.

79 Aid sanction episodes lasting 5 years-the median duration ob

80 as countries) were targeted by 88 unique aid sanction episodes.

81 dataset of age-specific mortality rates and sanctions episodes for 152 countries between 1971 and 20

82 head injury during participation in a MHSAA-sanctioned event.

83 of-life decisions, providing a legislatively sanctioned, extrajudicial, due process mechanism for res

84 effective monitoring (97% [73/75]), punitive sanctions for physicians who commit abuses (96% [77/80])

85 ohol testing with swift, certain, and modest sanctions for violations, with the aim to reduce crime a

86 ism that redressed initial wealth imbalance, sanctioned free riders and successfully won the majority

87 oster cooperation is to monitor behavior and sanction freeriding.

88 Our analysis investigates the effects of aid sanctions from 1990 to 2019 on maternal and child mortal

89 ant to prescribe opioids because of possible sanctions from regulatory agencies.

90 An American Thoracic Society-sanctioned guideline development committee selected clin

91 y outreach efforts and strong administrative sanctions had already achieved impressive adult coverage

92 fee relief reduced incarceration, financial sanctions had no effect on indicators of lawbreaking.

93 , moral theories, and legislative efforts to sanction hate speech, which are considered.

94 Sanctions have been demonstrated empirically in several

95 th the frequency of complaints and length of sanctions have increased in the last 4 years.

96 Sanctions have substantial adverse effects on public hea

97 volving a person seeking help and a socially sanctioned healer.

98 Hence, sanctioning helps foster mostly truthful communication,

99 ms, partner fidelity feedback (PFF) and host sanctions (HS).

100 to maintain cooperation after the removal of sanctions, i.e., vertical communication of trust, has th

101 ncompass more countries, and include a small sanction if a country fails to meet its emissions reduct

102 to remember that MSM, who often fear social sanction if they were to reveal their sexual orientation

103 In our study, a monetary sanction in a population receiving welfare benefits stim

104 jection can serve as a powerful reputational sanction in fostering peace in society.

105 Men sanctioned in an antidoping program for AAS use in Danis

106 d molecular parentage analyses, we show that sanctions in Ficus nymphaeifolia act at the level of ent

107 e wasps, which do not bring pollen, to avoid sanctions in figs to which other wasps bring pollen.

108 iori limitations of effectively implementing sanctions in international agreements.

109 Sanctions in misinformation actions tended to be relativ

110 t traditionally provided through kinship and sanctions in small groups to make exchange possible.

111 Here, we report the precision of host sanctions in the mutualism between fig trees and their p

112 creased after the Gulf conflict and under UN sanctions in the south/centre of Iraq, but in the autono

113 to aid prohibitions that might resemble aid sanctions in their effects.

114 gust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a l

115 occur, and are punished by community-imposed sanctions, including collective corporal punishment and

116 it may be premature for MNM risk research to sanction information on the basis of concentration "envi

117 lic goods game, we found that the ability to sanction is key to achieving cooperation in ethno-religi

118 are inconsistent with the notion that plant sanctioning is cell autonomous.

119 We discuss that sanctioning is likely to evolve in preference to partner

120 Social sanctioning is widely considered a successful strategy t

121 dual cheating symbionts are targeted by host sanctions is critical to their short- and long-term effe

122 ions cGAS at the site of PAMP generation and sanctions its response to a low-abundance DNA PAMP.

123 cooperation than groups with no capacity to sanction, levels comparable to those of groups featuring

124 Socially sanctioned matings of this nature are very rare, and are

125 In general, economic sanctions may have an unintended but profound effect on

126 shown that cooperation quickly declines when sanctioning mechanisms are removed.

127 peration in groups without a need for formal sanctioning mechanisms.

128 ves, and respond to the possibility of being sanctioned more strongly, suggesting that they anticipat

129 aters, and indicate that Republicans will be sanctioned more than Democrats even if platforms transit

130 mbionts and reduced nutrient provisioning by sanctioning more nitrogen to photosynthesis and expendin

131 one to reject these commitments, and instead sanction motivated reasoning and bias.

132 (capable of downregulating fixation(5,6) by sanctioning mutualistic bacteria(7)) are common in the t

133 On the other hand, we find that sanctions (negative incentives) are instrumental to main

134 fixation, and in later developmental stages, sanctioned nodules contained fewer viable bacteria than

135 Sanctioned nodules had reduced rates of nitrogen fixatio

136 ol children but were not informed of any aid sanctions nor did such sanctions apply to them.

137 family, and health-care professionals in the sanctioning of consultation.

138 Sanctioning of deception was substantial in this sample

139 The patient's gender and the sanctioning of help-seeking were important factors in pr

140 tence of antisocial punishment, that is, the sanctioning of people who behave prosocially.

141 tory mechanism for detecting, deterring, and sanctioning off-label promotion.

142 f symbiont performance and the imposition of sanctions on 'cheats' could stabilize mutualism.

143 No study has yet examined the effects of sanctions on age-specific mortality rates in cross-count

144 en enforced through institutions that impose sanctions on defectors.

145 We investigated the effect of aid sanctions on infant (age <1 year), children younger than

146 erences cohort study, the first 2 government-sanctioned OPCs in the US were not associated with signi

147 own about mortality associated with criminal sanctions or diversion in this population.

148 e has the potential to transform traditional sanction-oriented public safety approaches by providing

149 e often centralized: for instance, we do not sanction our neighbors for driving too fast, the police

150 The first government-sanctioned overdose prevention centers (OPCs) in the US

151 gainst this, we show that the inclination to sanction peers who break contracts dramatically reduces

152 adaptation of the public goods game in which sanctioning power is given to a single monitor, and we e

153 lic goods games shows that when endowed with sanctioning powers, conditional cooperators can discipli

154 We discuss the relevance of sanction precision to other mutualisms.

155 Of observed "sanctioned" pregnancies with prepartum diameters 4.5 cm,

156 Incidence of death or cardiac arrest in USAT-sanctioned races from 2006 to 2016 was calculated.

157 2%) were dismissed, but 40 (68%) resulted in sanctions ranging from censure to expulsion from members

158 riable with 5 categories: no recent criminal sanction, recent mental health court diversion, recent c

159 Association/Pediatric Advanced Life Support sanctioned recommendations.

160 group of 66 never-sanctioned countries, aid sanctions reduced ODA by an estimated US$213.07 million

161 Historical government-sanctioned residential segregation through redlining was

162 Aid sanctions resulted in an additional 129.3 infant deaths

163 ce that the perceived loss due to regulatory sanction results in increased organ discard rates.

164 Any move to sanction retainer medicine under the banner of professio

165 TCF3 sanctions rewiring by suppressing components of the ESC

166 g sanction threats, and that the presence of sanctions significantly reduces trustee's brain activiti

167 Concussions sustained during high school-sanctioned soccer games and practices.

168 ur ability to establish, and enforce through sanctions, social norms.

169 Plants are known to sanction strains that do not fix nitrogen, but nonfixers

170 n ethno-religiously diverse groups, but that sanctions succeed only in integrated institutional envir

171 All states sanction such refusal by competent patients, and most st

172 agement strategies in the form of capricious sanctions (such as star ratings) and unjustified rewards

173 challenge the idea by Glowacki that "strong sanctions" such as fines, physical punishment, or execut

174 f self-esteem, as opposed to purely external sanctions, such as material rewards and punishment.

175 ern of behavior enforced in part by internal sanctions, such as shame, guilt and loss of self-esteem,

176 Focusing on Sanctioned Suicide, an online pro-choice suicide forum,

177 and the enforcement of "cultural rituals and sanctioning systems" (sect.

178 r social evaluation (i.e., reinforcement and sanctioning), taking the is, how individuals usually beh

179 25 years who were current players on an NCAA-sanctioned team.

180 Host sanctions that reduce the relative fitness of uncooperat

181 human PrP(SC)--particularly at autopsy or to sanction the release of quarantined operation sets pendi

182 alized in many places and medical use widely sanctioned, there are growing concerns about increases i

183 agreed on their own rules and used graduated sanctions, they were more likely to have robust solution

184 als usually punish free riders but refuse to sanction those who cooperate but do not punish.

185 e dynamically modulated by the presence of a sanction threat.

186 tees reciprocate relatively less when facing sanction threats, and that the presence of sanctions sig

187 ative to mean in-sample mortality rates, aid sanctions thus increased infant, under-5, and maternal m

188 country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violati

189 na Faso, Sudan, and Myanmar have brought aid sanctions to the centre of the foreign affairs strategy

190 -specific mortality rates by recent criminal sanction type were calculated.

191 Recent (past 2 years) criminal sanction type, a time-varying variable with 5 categories

192 xternal-cause mortality with recent criminal sanction type, adjusting for sociodemographic, health-re

193 ted with increased mortality irrespective of sanction type.

194 We argue that the influence of such sanctioning ultimately rests upon the extent to which su

195 and if declared illegal, could lead to trade sanctions under the WTO disputes panel process.

196 nalysis, we analysed the effect on health of sanctions using a panel dataset of age-specific mortalit

197 easingly knowledgeable and punitive, and who sanction violators of interpersonal social norms, foster

198 enon, with implications for elections, state-sanctioned violence, and health outcomes.

199 ry proceedings that resulted in some form of sanction were analyzed.

200 We estimated that unilateral sanctions were associated with an annual toll of 564 258

201 dy of people with psychosis, recent criminal sanctions were associated with increased mortality irres

202 Sanctions were implemented only 11 times.

203 Host sanctions were robust in all hosts, but host lines from

204 ficantly (P = .30), but in B-32, delinquency sanctions were significant (OR = 1.56; P = .007).

205 lied a "fight back" mitigation strategy as a sanction when competition initiators were low ranking or

206 d the extent to which people are punished or sanctioned when they deviate from these rules and norms-

207 nt ineffective strains from entering, or via sanctioning, where plants provide fewer resources.

208 est effects for unilateral, economic, and US sanctions, whereas we found no statistical evidence of a

209 tors, strategic defectors will cooperate and sanctioning will not occur.

210 rnal-cause mortality compared with no recent sanction, with the largest adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs)

211 The trade sanctions without rapid technological decarbonization wi

212 We assessed the prevalence of the use of aid sanctions worldwide during 1990-2019 and estimated their

213 es a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate.

214 cal and criminological research on when such sanctions would work and when they could backfire.