ライフサイエンスコーパス: scratching

1 and the flexion components of locomotion and scratching.

2 shown previously for cat walking and turtle scratching.

3 fied during cat and human walking and turtle scratching.

4 studies of cat and human walking and turtle scratching.

5 n spinal neurons and prevented BA-stimulated scratching.

6 moval of a spatial constraint rather than by scratching.

7 hanges triggered by dry-skin-evoked itch and scratching.

8 hese mice selectively attenuated itch-evoked scratching.

9 ent increase in spontaneous and touch-evoked scratching.

10 RPR internalization and morphine-independent scratching.

11 by pruritus but not its behavioral response, scratching.

12 ory) activated and deactivated by repetitive scratching.

13 subjected to tape stripping, a surrogate for scratching.

14 ring both fictive flexion reflex and fictive scratching.

15 nfected during the healing process 6 h after scratching.

16 gree of disability, and physical evidence of scratching.

17 d eye lesions due to irritation and constant scratching.

18 viors such as jumping, leg tremors, and cage scratching.

19 generator, was mainly quiet during deletion scratching.

20 stinct activity bursts during normal rostral scratching.

21 tor activity fired in bursts during deletion scratching.

22 al scratching were preserved during deletion scratching.

23 tivity of these interneurons during deletion scratching.

24 activity fired continuously during deletion scratching.

25 al constrictions, chewing, facial tremor and scratching.

26 ght-side rostral, pocket, and caudal fictive scratching.

27 an opposing manner during chloroquine-evoked scratching.

28 efects, dysbiosis, and skin injury caused by scratching.

29 pothalamus of mice that displayed contagious scratching.

30 mice scratched after observing a conspecific scratching.

31 l A1 (TRPA1) gene deletion blocks CQ-induced scratching.

32 ing are a peculiarity for motoneurons during scratching.

33 eviously shown for spinal motoneurons during scratching.

34 ns (aggression, grooming, and play) and self-scratching (a proxy indicator of anxiety) at 11-14 month

35 subjected to tape stripping, a surrogate for scratching, a cardinal feature of AD.

36 aggravated by mechanical injury inflicted by scratching, a T(H)2 cell-dominated immune response, and

37 Hourly scratching activity (HSA) was continuously recorded for

38 d assessments or by objective measurement of scratching activity and scratching-induced skin changes.

39 Baseline mean values for VAS and scratching activity were higher than corresponding means

40 Scratching activity, independent of limb movements, was

41 intrathecal injection of GRP led to intense scratching, an effect largely reduced by either GRPR ant

42 d between 30-second duration applications of scratching and 30-second duration applications of no sti

43 H1 receptor antagonist terfenadine prevented scratching and alloknesis evoked by histamine, but not 5

44 ished models of psychosis: mescaline-induced scratching and amphetamine-induced hyperactivity.

45 Neurological signs, such as scratching and an extended clinical phase, were also cha

46 ne-responsive amygdala neurons affected both scratching and anxiety-like behavior.

47 n in Active Populations system enhanced both scratching and anxiety-like behavior.

48 eurons receive intense synaptic input during scratching and behave like neurons in the hindlimb enlar

49 ng simple stereotypies that included intense scratching and biting behaviors.

50 Tgfbr1(f/f) CD11c-Cre mice exhibited reduced scratching and decreased Il31 expression in wounds in vi

51 strated a substantial reduction of excessive scratching and dramatic resolution of skin lesions.

52 t displacement behaviour--activities such as scratching and face touching--represents an important st

53 flexion reflex but inhibited during fictive scratching and fictive swimming.

54 y rhythmically hyperpolarized during fictive scratching and fictive swimming.

55 t two peculiar interactive behaviors (social scratching and groom slapping) transmitted socially thro

56 ip-flexor motor neurons were quiet in normal scratching and had zero overlap with hip-flexor motor ac

57 rent from the previous findings in low speed scratching and high speed grinding, in which there is an

58 matitis, whereas their inhibition attenuated scratching and inflammatory responses in mouse atopic de

59 and compared the cerebral mechanism of self-scratching and its correlation with pleasurability in 10

60 reflex can interrupt and reset the rhythm of scratching and locomotion, suggesting that a combination

61 mid-thoracic segments contribute to hindlimb scratching and may be part of a distributed motor networ

62 lts in an itchy phenotype with constant skin scratching and multi-organ inflammation.

63 w that IL-23 is released in human skin after scratching and polarizes human skin DCs to drive an IL-2

64 d dibutylester evoked persistent spontaneous scratching and significantly aberrant cutaneous and syst

65 mice lacking HTR7 or TRPA1 displayed reduced scratching and skin lesion severity.

66 pathways and (2) development of spontaneous scratching and skin lesions.

67 t others could use this relationship between scratching and stress as an indication of the animal's s

68 inal motoneurons during network activity for scratching and swimming in an ex vivo carapace-spinal co

69 t of motoneurons are distinctly different in scratching and swimming.

70 oral extension of type 2 immunity by evoking scratching and, in the setting of disease, can become ch

71 ctivity may be associated with the addictive scratching and/or neural hypersensitization.

72 surfactant, as evidenced by 100 taping, 100 scratching, and 1000 bending cycles.

73 tand the relationships among sleep, itching, scratching, and chronic itch conditions and their associ

74 caused by a combination of intense pruritus, scratching, and epicutaneous (e.c.) sensitization with a

75 including limb withdrawal (flexion reflex), scratching, and locomotion, and thus is conducive to exa

76 wal measured as increased grooming, chewing, scratching, and shaking, plus the appearance of some uni

77 hydration on their response to indentation, scratching, and wear.

78 Coitus, biting, and scratching are transfer mechanisms for the two primary s

79 thmic movements, such as walking, chewing or scratching, are phylogenetically old motor behaviors fou

80 o address this issue, we use turtle hindlimb scratching as a model for fine motor control, since this

81 sought to validate and test the severity of scratching as an objective measure of itch (4-point ordi

82 ular type, the latter as a model for chronic scratching, as well as 40 matched healthy controls parti

83 4A domain of murine type XVII collagen begin scratching at age 2 months and then develop erosions, su

84 zed gaps in understanding about sleep, itch, scratching, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis.

85 exion during flexion reflex, locomotion, and scratching based on evidence from studies of cat and hum

86 e, or endothelin-1) and recorded spontaneous scratching before and after drug administration.

87 mice lacking NAAA failed to develop edema or scratching behavior after challenge with DNFB, confirmin

88 The NK1-ablated shrews exhibited scratching behavior after systemic GR73632-injection.

89 ate the contribution of Mrgprs to SP-induced scratching behavior and activation of cultured dorsal ro

90 SP-induced scratching behavior and activation of cultured dorsal ro

91 Chronic BDL rats displayed enhanced scratching behavior and thermal hyperalgesia indicative

92 subpopulations of itch-responsive neurons to scratching behavior and thermal hypersensitivity.

93 cids and a TGR5-selective agonist stimulated scratching behavior by gastrin-releasing peptide- and op

94 omiting only, GR73632 caused both emesis and scratching behavior dose-dependently in shrews, and thes

95 te infiltration, and antihistamine-resistant scratching behavior in mice exposed to the haptens, oxaz

96 i.d.) administration of AYP elicited intense scratching behavior in mice, which was prevented by the

97 nduced calcium influx in DRG neurons and the scratching behavior in mice.

98 pport this novel concept based on attenuated scratching behavior in response to histaminergic (histam

99 resulting in reduced neuronal activation and scratching behavior in response to PAR2 agonists.

100 nt thymic stromal lymphopoietin also induced scratching behavior in the specific pathogen-free NC/Tnd

101 Injection of recombinant TSLP also induced scratching behavior in the SPF NC/Tnd mice.

102 age and histamine, but not capsaicin, evoked scratching behavior indicating the presence of itch.

103 Finally, in a murine model of pruritus, the scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 was mitiga

104 eta3(-/-) mice showed significant defects in scratching behavior induced by histamine; histamine-trif

105 whether autism mouse models imitate observed scratching behavior remains unknown.

106 re defective in SP signaling, and SP-induced scratching behavior was abolished in Trpa1(-/-) mice.

107 Scratching behavior was also induced by the intrathecal

108 dermally injected into mice and itch-related scratching behavior was assessed.

109 In a murine itch model, ET-1-induced scratching behavior was substantially augmented by pharm

110 opeptides, activation of spinal neurons, and scratching behavior were studied using TRPA1 antagonists

111 several closely related neuropeptides elicit scratching behavior when administered centrally.

112 and PrP(C) exhibit focal cerebellar atrophy, scratching behavior, and gait abnormalities suggestive o

113 In support of this concept we found that scratching behavior, evoked by direct intradermal activa

114 Combined studies of scratching behavior, patch-clamp recording, and Ca(2+) r

115 GRPR neurons in the SCN abolished contagious scratching behavior, which was recapitulated by chemogen

116 lockade or PI3Kgamma inhibition reversed the scratching behavior.

117 ns in the brainstem exhibit markedly reduced scratching behavior.

118 ng gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-dependent scratching behavior.

119 th hapten-induced cutaneous inflammation and scratching behavior.

120 ility, and heightened evoked and spontaneous scratching behavior.

121 Activation of SCN GRP/GRPR neurons evoked scratching behavior.

122 se mice led to significantly diminished itch-scratching behaviors and reduced TRPA1 expression in der

123 Here, we report that scratching behaviors induced by histamine-dependent and

124 ations of VTA GABA neurons rapidly modulated scratching behaviors through encoding itch-associated av

125 GR73632 at different doses, and vomiting and scratching behaviors were quantified.

126 uller repertoire of locomotory, kicking, and scratching behaviors.

127 of a GRPR antagonist significantly inhibited scratching behaviour in three independent itch models.

128 lopment of lesions, HOCl reduced lesions and scratching behaviour to a similar extent as a positive c

129 The diminished scratching behaviour was confirmed by impaired response

130 In contrast, induction of scratching behaviour was significantly reduced in GRPR m

131 (licking or wiping) and itch-like (biting or scratching) behaviours.

132 Scratching beneath the surface: Pt-M(3d)-Pt(111) (M(3d)

133 Severity of scratching best correlated with patient-reported global

134 hanisms such as grinding, cleaving, rubbing, scratching, biting or thermal shock.

135 al response and intrathecal injection caused scratching, biting, and licking, a nocifensive response.

136 ce exhibited significantly fewer 5-HT-evoked scratching bouts compared with wild-type mice.

137 gel prevented the development of lesions and scratching bouts during the whole observation period.

138 hibited robust reversal of histamine-induced scratching bouts in mice.

139 ited by inadequate frequency and duration of scratching bouts required for contagious itch test.

140 nductance states are present not only during scratching but also during swimming.

141 Itch is relieved by scratching, but the neural mechanisms that are responsib

142 scharge at itch nerve terminals and bouts of scratching by about 50%.

143 ions demonstrate bidirectional modulation of scratching by neurons in the PAG.

144 ation induces neuronal hyperexcitability and scratching by unknown mechanisms.

145 adermal injection of CaP into mice triggered scratching by up-regulating the IL-6 in skin and phospho

146 ssigned in a 1:1 ratio to either endometrial scratching (by pipelle biopsy between day 3 of the cycle

147 Tape stripping mouse skin, a surrogate for scratching, caused expansion and activation of small int

148 lso examined on caudally directed biting and scratching (CDBS) behaviors induced by intrathecal admin

149 ient mice exhibited significantly attenuated scratching, compared with littermate controls, after AD-

150 ation of the animal's stress state, and thus scratching could potentially have social function.

151 These mice showed profound scratching deficits in response to all of the itching (p

152 bit contagious itch behavior while viewing a scratching demonstrator mouse, as opposed to an ambulati

153 Erythema and intense scratching developed 2-3 days before the tumor in test m

154 Acute scratching developed evolutionarily as an adaptive defen

155 Endometrial scratching did not result in a higher rate of live birth

156 is cycle, the correlation between mechanical scratching, epidermal oxidative stress, and dermal mast

157 revealed their roles in sustaining recurrent scratching episodes through signaling scratching-induced

158 xtensor activities underlying locomotion and scratching, even in the absence of brain inputs and move

159 a mouse model of chronic itch, we show that scratching evoked by impaired skin barrier is abolished

160 (+) neurons led to substantial reductions in scratching evoked by multiple pruritogens and occurring

161 Scratching evokes a rewarding and pleasurable sensation,

162 c dermatitis and psoriasis, including robust scratching, extensive epidermal hyperplasia, and dramati

163 Clinical eczema scores, as well as scratching frequency using a digital videotape system we

164 Scratching friction tests were conducted using a nano-in

165 timulation of large areas of skin such as by scratching, generates inhibitory activity which suppress

166 So far, such scratching has been seen as a by-product of physiologica

167 agious behaviors such as yawning and itching/scratching have mirror-like properties and clearly defin

168 chronic nicotine characterized by increased scratching, head nods, and body shakes.

169 During normal scratching, hip-flexor interneurons were active during h

170 d the production of, and social responses to scratching in a group of free-ranging rhesus macaques (M

171 nels are required for generating spontaneous scratching in a mouse model of ACD induced by squaric ac

172 pletion significantly attenuated itch-evoked scratching in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis.

173 amatergic neurons resulted in attenuation of scratching in both acute and chronic pruritis.

174 ron-ablation also reduced pruritogen-induced scratching in both male and female mice.

175 dies that investigate the central effects of scratching in chronic itch conditions will be of high cl

176 as investigated the cerebral activity during scratching in chronic itch patients and whether it diffe

177 A higher activity during scratching in chronic itch patients, versus healthy cont

178 cratching in normal mice observing excessive scratching in genetically modified demonstrator mice.

179 withdrawal (flexion reflex), locomotion, and scratching in limbed vertebrates.

180 Q) stimulates itch nerves and causes intense scratching in mice by activating the G-protein coupled r

181 (Mrgprs), MrgprC11 and hMrgprX1, and induces scratching in mice in an Mrgpr-dependent manner.

182 vates MrgprC11 and evokes receptor-dependent scratching in mice.

183 gious itch occurs in mice based on imitative scratching in normal mice observing excessive scratching

184 e studies are needed to validate severity of scratching in other pruritic disease.

185 The bouts of scratching in response to CQ were not different between

186 TRPA1-deficient mice displayed little to no scratching in response to these pruritogens.

187 ls of BAs, prevented exacerbated spontaneous scratching in TGR5 overexpressing mice.

188 ergic signaling not only reduced spontaneous scratching in the IL-31Tg mice but also dramatically res

189 ist (Pro7-NKB), would induce vomiting and/or scratching in the least shrew (Cryptotis parva) in a dos

190 During normal rostral scratching in the spinal turtle, there is rhythmic alter

191 agonist significantly attenuated 5-HT-evoked scratching in vivo.

192 signaling in vitro and reduced IL-31-induced scratching in vivo.

193 ction potentials in DRG neurons and elicited scratching in WT mice but not Tlr3(-/-) mice.

194 f pruritus and its behavioral manifestation, scratching, in cholestasis.

195 Furthermore, mechanical scratching indicates that the different-n-value nanoplat

196 DTP (30 microg) inhibited scratching induced by these peptides, but unlike the pep

197 gue [desTrp(3),Leu(8)]phyllolitorin (DTP) on scratching induced by three peptides (bombesin, neuromed

198 Scratching-induced pleasurability significantly activate

199 hat this reward system has a crucial role in scratching-induced pleasurability.

200 urrent scratching episodes through signaling scratching-induced reward.

201 ctive measurement of scratching activity and scratching-induced skin changes.

202 Our results show that repetitive scratching induces robust bilateral activation of the se

203 subjected to tape stripping, a surrogate for scratching, induces an IL-22 response that drives epider

204 voked by a painful stimulus, suggesting that scratching inhibits the transmission of itch in the spin

205 y and Impact Scale consisted of two factors (scratching intensity and impact of scratching on QOL) th

206 n this study, a novel approach of high speed scratching is carried out on silicon (Si) wafers at nano

207 The scratching is conducted on a Si wafer of 150 mm diameter

208 e rhythmic motor patterns for locomotion and scratching is distributed over spinal cord segments of t

209 Because scratching is highly specialized rhythmic behavior, it i

210 ation we feel and the relief that comes from scratching, is an evolutionary warning system and defens

211 lps organisms scratch away external threats; scratching itself induces an immune response that can co

212 Laminae I/II INs drive chemical itch-induced scratching, laminae II/III INs generate paw withdrawal m

213 [very prominent] based on the observation of scratching lesions).

214 Toxicity was characterized by scratching, lethargy, respiratory distress, collapse, an

215 Severity of scratching may be a useful endpoint in clinical trials a

216 These findings suggest that heat pain and scratching may inhibit itch through a neurogenic mechani

217 P channels participate in pruritogen-induced scratching may involve sites of action other than the pr

218 promoting cutaneous sensitization to foods, scratching may promote food anaphylaxis in AD by expandi

219 form MOR1D is essential for morphine-induced scratching (MIS), whereas the isoform MOR1 is required o

220 In the mescaline-induced scratching model, AMAC treatment before mescaline admini

221 Analyses of fictive scratching motor patterns in the spinal turtle with tran

222 systematic bias to this feedback, and aimed scratching movements were analyzed over the week after s

223 CI1) in locusts that performed natural aimed scratching movements.

224 key spinal interneurons with locomotion and scratching networks across limbed vertebrates generally.

225 Histamine itself elicited bouts of scratching not associated with the mechanical stimulus,

226 We demonstrate that scratching of human skin and tape stripping of mouse ski

227 idities) and disease prognosis (by promoting scratching of itchy skin).

228 ed to a significant reduction in spontaneous scratching of the hapten-challenged nape of the neck of

229 lags behind GABA neurons and is dependent on scratching of the itchy site.

230 Subjects underwent functional imaging during scratching of the right lower leg.

231 se of a randomisation schedule that required scratching off an opaque layer to reveal assignment.

232 factors (scratching intensity and impact of scratching on QOL) that accounted for 64.59% of the vari

233 sess the effect of thermal stimuli or distal scratching on skin blood flow and histamine-induced itch

234 The median score for pain from endometrial scratching (on a scale of 0 to 10, with higher scores in

235 gh-conductance state is a select feature for scratching or a property that goes with spinal motor net

236 ction independently, as in behaviors such as scratching or searching, or be used in coordinated patte

237 n the skin evokes itch- but not pain-related scratching or wiping behaviors.

238 The cumulative sum of scratching over all pruritogens confirmed a leading role

239 uration, direction, and physical evidence of scratching paralleled changes in the visual analog pruri

240 scaline administration reduced the number of scratching paroxysms by 68% (P < 0.01).

241 In contrast, the scratching persisted and skin lesions worsened over time

242 postnatally, at ~3-5 wk they elicit a severe scratching phenotype.

243 itch, we assessed the behavioral responses (scratching) produced by s.c. injection of various prurit

244 e mid-thoracic interneurons activated during scratching project descending axons toward the hindlimb

245 Scratching reduced mean histamine-induced skin blood flo

246 Watching video clips of someone scratching (relative to control videos of tapping) activ

247 ic acid (0.2 mol/L) pH-dependently induced a scratching response in mice when applied intradermally t

248 1, is involved in the acidic citrate-induced scratching response.

249 us nonpeptidergic neurons did not affect the scratching responses to a number of pruritogens.

250 A1 and TRPV1 channels may be involved in the scratching responses to intradermal pruritogens, this is

251 skin lesions and show significantly enhanced scratching responses to pruritic agents.

252 ature cattle were injured by blunt impact or scratching, resulting in localized chondrocyte death.

253 with somatic symptoms including grooming and scratching revealed reduced IPN GABAergic activity durin

254 ming of (i.e., reset) cat walking and turtle scratching rhythms; in addition, reflex responses to leg

255 There was a significant decrease in scratching severity for patients experiencing itch impro

256 Patients experiencing improvement of scratching severity of 1 point or greater had significan

257 on reflex, multiple forms of locomotion, and scratching share key components.

258 intrinsic mechanisms that inhibit itch after scratching should facilitate the search for new methods

259 Severity of scratching showed responsiveness over time.

260 Scratching significantly attenuated the itch sensation (

261 Scratching stimulus was started 60 seconds after initiat

262 sol, but not stress-related behaviors (e.g., scratching), suggesting the possibility of some anxiolyt

263 tor behaviours, including swimming, walking, scratching, swallowing, micturition and sexual climax, a

264 ests were conducted using a nano-indentation-scratching system with the tip motion parallel or perpen

265 tic trials), and also during an anisometric "scratching" task of rhythmically moving the fingertip al

266 litative 'happy/active' scores, play, ground-scratching) than birds in Conditions 1-3.

267 nd biting of fingernails in conjunction with scratching the backs of carriers (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.6-4

268 We observed that scratching the cutaneous receptive field of primate STT

269 Paradoxically, scratching the itch also produces a hedonic experience.

270 mond nucleation was achieved by mechanically scratching the quartz.

271 Scratching the skin of healthy adults and tape stripping

272 elopment, has restricted researchers to only scratching the surface of this inherently challenging su

273 e that the prostanoid thromboxane A2 elicits scratching through its TP receptor.

274 to almost every leg motion, from posture to scratching to locomotion.

275 rophysiologic reflexes, such as coughing and scratching, to expel invading pathogens and noxious envi

276 Although scratching transiently relieves acute itch through activ

277 Scratching triggers skin flares in atopic dermatitis.

278 Scratching upregulated IL13 expression in human skin, an

279 y, we examine the central sensory effects of scratching using blood oxygen level-dependent functional

280 2 degrees C, noxious heat 49 degrees C, and scratching via a brush with controlled pressure.

281 trypsin, SLIGRL, beta-alanine, BAM8-22), and scratching was assessed using a magnet-based recording t

282 Scratching was attenuated in Tgr5-KO mice but exacerbate

283 Spontaneous scratching was exacerbated in transgenic mice that overe

284 Firstly, we found that the likelihood of scratching was greater around periods of heightened soci

285 Histamine- and touch-evoked scratching was inhibited by the mu-opiate antagonist nal

286 Touch-evoked scratching was observed following i.d. 5-HT (5-hydroxytr

287 In addition, no corneal scratching was observed using fluorescein stain.

288 nd spanning interneuron firing during normal scratching were preserved during deletion scratching.

289 nd hyperactive behaviors such as jumping and scratching were recorded.

290 tensor deletion variation of fictive rostral scratching, were elicited by ipsilateral stimulation in

291 Nppb triggered potent scratching when injected intrathecally in wild-type and

292 itus score was 1.1; 8 patients had only mild scratching when undistracted.

293 dently elicit the same degree of robust itch scratching, which can be inhibited by mu-opioid peptide

294 1.8(-/-) impaired histamine and 5-HT-induced scratching while Na(V)1.9 was involved in itch signallin

295 rges associated with vigorous and continuous scratching, wild running, or bilateral jerking movements

296 nsation, they showed significantly increased scratching with CD.

297 During rostral scratching with hip-extensor deletions, there are succes

298 Endometrial scratching (with the use of a pipelle biopsy) is a techn

299 both beta-endorphin- and GRP-elicited robust scratching without affecting pain processing.

300 ers' rate of displacement activities such as scratching, yawning, and self-grooming.