ライフサイエンスコーパス: selective ligand

1 1/5 responses, even to GDF5, a reported ALK6 selective ligand.

2 with tumor cells with Wy-14,643, a PPARalpha-selective ligand.

3 ydroxyphenyl)propanonitrile), a known ERbeta-selective ligand.

4 est and was interchangeable with an RARalpha-selective ligand.

5 rate a high-affinity (125)iodinatable sst(4)-selective ligand.

6 ethylcarboxamido adenosine (NECA) as a Grp94-selective ligand.

7 phenotype was partially reversed by ER-beta-selective ligand.

8 e not been reported because of the lack of a selective ligand.

9 Thus, both groups behaved as functionally selective ligands.

10 ossibilities for the design of mAChR subtype-selective ligands.

11 for the rational design of novel potent and selective ligands.

12 is greatly hampered by a paucity of subtype selective ligands.

13 ll characterized in response to alpha7 nAChR-selective ligands.

14 (8), with the goal of turning them into more selective ligands.

15 hemistry can rapidly yield highly potent and selective ligands.

16 herapeutic benefit relative to highly target-selective ligands.

17 approach to design of novel hMC3R and hMC5R selective ligands.

18 ug design and in silico searches for subtype-selective ligands.

19 ences have stimulated the search for subtype-selective ligands.

20 e of the lack of high avidity antibodies and selective ligands.

21 develop a distinct scaffold of alpha7 nAChR-selective ligands.

22 kedly increased binding affinity for subtype-selective ligands.

23 been challenging due to the lack of subtype-selective ligands.

24 of C1 domains has impeded the development of selective ligands.

25 own because of the lack of available galanin-selective ligands.

26 version of genistein in order to identify ER selective ligands.

27 termine the occurrence of plant-based ERbeta-selective ligands.

28 e of the lack of high avidity antibodies and selective ligands.

29 a series of estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta) selective ligands.

30 btype is unknown, due in part to the lack of selective ligands.

31 ides a platform for developing receptor type-selective ligands.

32 ression levels and the lack of M(5) receptor-selective ligands.

33 ion because of the lack of pharmacologically selective ligands.

34 pproach we have identified a number of BRS-3 selective ligands.

35 romising strategy for identifying potent and selective ligands.

36 r their ability to attach to alpha(5)beta(1)-selective ligands.

37 een synthesized in an effort to develop more selective ligands.

38 n receptors, and may guide the design of new selective ligands.

39 eoretically leading to high-affinity subtype selective ligands.

40 because of the limited number of known MC3R selective ligands.

41 ceptors (ARs) with the goal to discover A3AR-selective ligands.

42 subtypes, initially identified using subtype selective ligands.

43 ntified highly potent and in some cases very selective ligands.

44 e development of new CB2 receptor potent and selective ligands.

45 buted to a limited number of identified MC3R selective ligands.

46 synthesized, and evaluated as potential MOR-selective ligands.

47 The alpha7-nAChR selective ligand 1 (SSR180711) blocked the binding of [(

48 The MOR/KOR dual-selective ligand 10 showed no agonism and acted as a pot

49 ylmethylmorphinan (17) was found to be a KOR-selective ligand (150-fold over MOR and >10000-fold over

50 Surprisingly, both the ER-alpha selective ligand 16alpha-iodo-17beta-estradiol and the E

51 alpha5-Selective ligand 27 when injected directly into the hipp

52 Quantitative autoradiography of the PBR-selective ligand [(3)H]-(R)-PK11195 and [(125)I]-(R)-PK1

53 acological binding studies using the sigma-1-selective ligand [3H](+)-pentazocine showed a high-affin

54 antitative autoradiography with the alpha(1) selective ligand, [3H]zolpidem, and the non-selective be

55 terization of a putative D(1)-D(2) heteromer-selective ligand, 6-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-1

56 The most selective ligands, 9 (NSC252359) and 5 (NSC123111), bind

57 results demonstrate that naltrexone-derived selective ligands achieve their selectivity via a combin

58 Selective ligands act as translation inhibitors by locki

59 Functional selective ligands, activating a specific G protein signa

60 mportance, little is known about how subunit-selective ligands affect the gating of heteromeric iGluR

61 based thiazolidenediones, which function as selective ligands against this receptor.

62 d 7.39 were most important for binding CCK2R-selective ligand, although the effect of substitution of

63 l goal, to identify highly potent and sst(4)-selective ligands amenable to (125)iodination, could not

64 vation preferentially depending upon the TLR-selective ligand and TLR adapters.

65 al structures of human AT2R bound to an AT2R-selective ligand and to an AT1R/AT2R dual ligand, captur

66 ing melatonin receptor biology through MT(1)-selective ligands and for the discovery of previously un

67 tial for the discovery and design of pathway-selective ligands and may confer therapeutic advantages

68 Costimulation with TNFRI-selective ligands and soluble TNF further increased IL-6

69 terodimers through competition binding using selective ligands and the mitogen-activated protein kina

70 A great number of MT2-selective ligands and, more recently, several MT1-select

71 elective agonism of MC(1), not shared by non-selective ligands, and dependent on downstream ERK1/2 ph

72 to discriminate between frequent hitters and selective ligands, and suggest a strategy for selective

73 itrile are among the highest ERbeta affinity-selective ligands, and they have an ERbeta potency selec

74 To identify new D(4)R-selective ligands, and to understand the molecular deter

75 ydrobenzoxathiins as potent, ERalpha subtype selective ligands are described.

76 synthesis and characterization of chiral RXR selective ligands are described.

77 Selective ligands are lacking for many neuronal signalin

78 Selective ligands are needed for distinguishing the func

79 lso influence the activity of other targets, selective ligands are needed for the elucidation of TAAR

80 Many of the identified functionally selective ligands are potent selective KOR agonists that

81 the use of nonpsychotomimetic CB(2) receptor-selective ligands as a novel strategy for the control of

82 e likely to facilitate the design of new DIS selective ligands as potential antiretroviral agents.

83 se results illustrate the utility of subtype selective ligands as probes of nuclear receptor function

84 nonan-3-amine] is a high-affinity and highly selective ligand at alpha3beta4 nicotinic cholinergic re

85 ex with nicotine, as well as the alpha3beta4-selective ligand AT-1001, complemented by molecular dyna

86 new mechanistic information on functionally selective ligands at the pharmacologically important D2

87 that ectopically express CTLA4, PD1 and BTLA selective ligands (B7.1wa, PD-L1, and HVEM-CRD1 respecti

88 luated the pharmacological effect of ER-beta-selective ligands (beta-LGNDs) in animal models of high-

89 ion for discrimination by naltrexone-derived selective ligands between the delta, mu, and kappa opioi

90 during therapy with the retinoid X receptor-selective ligand bexarotene led us to hypothesize that s

91 hy-mass spectrometry was utilized to confirm selective ligand binding and to demonstrate that prefere

92 tions in the active site of K69R ODC promote selective ligand binding during Schiff base formation.

93 or the detection of sequence- and structural-selective ligand binding to nucleic acids is described.

94 The molecular determinants that govern selective ligand binding to the rat D(4) dopamine recept

95 fluorescence competitive binding assay, the selective ligand binding was observed for AlinCSP4-6.

96 m structure of the nucleic acid required for selective ligand binding.

97 d offers a system for the study of structure-selective ligand binding.

98 gnaling of the receptor different upon using selective ligands, but the fate within the cells is also

99 )V211I) increased the affinities of alpha(5)-selective ligands by a approximately 20-fold and reduced

100 essful proof-of-concept for how functionally selective ligands can be discovered.

101 igands and raise the possibility that GluN2B-selective ligands can be divided into multiple classes.

102 ted that both G protein and arrestin pathway-selective ligands can promote beneficial effects in vivo

103 hown that retinoid X receptor-selective (RXR-selective) ligands can suppress serum TSH levels in vivo

104 platelets displayed enhanced GPVI and CLEC-2-selective ligands, collagen-related peptide (CRP), colla

105 rt here crystal structures of a G-quadruplex-selective ligand complexed with two human telomeric DNA

106 It has been proposed that selective ligands could bind to all three receptor types

107 These data suggest that use of ER-selective ligands could provide therapeutic benefit to r

108 rvalent sulfurane intermediates that undergo selective ligand coupling, resulting in dismantling of t

109 ctosyl-carborane building blocks to the GRPR-selective ligand [d-Phe(6), beta-Ala(11), Ala(13), Nle(1

110 icroM) inhibited Ca2+ currents, whereas the -selective ligands [D-Pen2,Pen5]-enkephalin (DPDPE) and d

111 At present, the only selective ligands described for FFA2 suffer from poor po

112 This may enable greater selective ligand design and development for mAChRs and f

113 iffusivity, extra-cellular interactions, and selective ligand destruction collectively shape the Noda

114 e ligand, diminishing the coadministered RXR-selective ligand diminished both induced differentiation

115 For either tazarotene or an RARalpha-selective ligand, diminishing the coadministered RXR-sel

116 This pathway-selective ligand does not promote the classic actions of

117 ent with those reported earlier for the lead-selective ligand ETH 5493, and all response functions we

118 eening can guide fragment-based discovery of selective ligands even if the structures of both the tar

119 p-1-en -3-yl) nortropane (IACFT) is a highly selective ligand for dopamine transporter (DAT) sites in

120 that E-selectin ligand-1 (ESL-1) is a highly selective ligand for E-selectin on hematopoietic progeni

121 gue (38) of mazindol was the most potent and selective ligand for HEK-hDAT cells (DAT K(i) = 1.1 nM;

122 TFLLR-amide, a selective ligand for PAR-1 sites, mimicked the effects o

123 NT131 (formerly T131 and AMG131) as a potent selective ligand for PPAR gamma that is structurally and

124 We also found that bilirubin is a selective ligand for PPARalpha and does not affect the a

125 e 3 (GSK3787) was identified as a potent and selective ligand for PPARdelta with good pharmacokinetic

126 1-Dodecanethiol (1-DDT, 5 mM) was used as selective ligand for quantitative extraction under ultra

127 eport the development of a high-affinity and selective ligand for Sn that is an analogue of the natur

128 d 5d expectedly produced the most potent and selective ligand for the DAT (DAT (IC(50)) = 3.7 nM, DAT

129 the DAT (K(i) = 0.125 muM) and was the most selective ligand for the DAT over mu-opioid receptors (m

130 Aptiganel hydrochloride is a novel and selective ligand for the ion-channel site of the N-methy

131 rther support of this finding, we describe a selective ligand for the lipid-binding protein nucleobin

132 47) was identified to be a high affinity and selective ligand for the MCH1 receptor.

133 s been recently purified and identified as a selective ligand for the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor.

134 he SERT (K(i) = 0.0072 muM) and was the most selective ligand for the SERT over the DAT (DAT/SERT = 1

135 rived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is a selective ligand for TrkB, caused suppression of the who

136 DNA linked magnetic nanoparticles pull down selective ligands for a particular quadruplex topology f

137 ox protein 2 (SPSB2) that binds to iNOS, and selective ligands for AGRP-binding melanocortin (MC) rec

138 efforts have been made to develop potent and selective ligands for certain human melanocortin recepto

139 In addition to providing some of the first selective ligands for Cr(VI), these studies highlight th

140 has been an important target for developing selective ligands for different PKC isoforms.

141 The identification of selective ligands for each phorbol ester receptor class

142 ot precluded using this structure to develop selective ligands for either CCK(1) or CCK(2) receptors.

143 Just recently, the first selective ligands for FKBP51 were reported based on an i

144 ted acridine derivatives that are potent and selective ligands for G-quadruplex DNA.

145 or the medicinal chemist to discover pathway-selective ligands for GPCRs.

146 Biarylpyrimidines are characterized as selective ligands for higher-order nucleic acid structur

147 ng this hypothesis has been a lack of highly selective ligands for individual mAChR subtypes.

148 Fibroblast adhesion response to selective ligands for integrins alpha5beta1 and alphavbe

149 studies raise the exciting possibility that selective ligands for mGluR5 may provide a novel approac

150 The recent identification of selective ligands for p75(NTR), novel isoforms of this r

151 ound 17 can provide potent alpha4beta2-nAChR-selective ligands for possible use in treatment of neuro

152 In the process of developing selective ligands for PrP, we found using a single-stran

153 Sustained research has sought to identify selective ligands for receptor subtypes.

154 t composition complicates the development of selective ligands for specific subtypes, since the five

155 This is the first report of highly potent, selective ligands for the 5-HT1A/B/D receptors with low

156 However, truly selective ligands for the alpha3beta4 nAChR have not bee

157 Here, we describe highly potent and selective ligands for the bromodomain module of the huma

158 of 1a-1d resulted in a series of potent and selective ligands for the DAT (analogues 5-28).

159 re hexahydropyrazinoquinolines as potent and selective ligands for the dopamine 3 subtype receptor us

160 Pathway-selective ligands for the estrogen receptor (ER) inhibit

161 opyrano[3,4-f]quinolines as a novel class of selective ligands for the glucocorticoid receptor is des

162 A novel series of selective ligands for the human glucocorticoid receptor

163 These compounds are potent and selective ligands for the human prostaglandin F receptor

164 ations and can guide the discovery of highly selective ligands for the IRE1alpha kinase site that all

165 cological profile indicates that 2 and 3 are selective ligands for the mGluR5a metabotropic glutamic

166 ively relocate to the nucleus in response to selective ligands for the PPAR isotype which they activa

167 PPARgamma) activators, whereas rexinoids are selective ligands for the retinoid X receptors (RXRs).

168 h the aim of conferring enhanced affinity of selective ligands for their nonpreferred receptor types.

169 predictive power in enriching known receptor-selective ligands from related decoys, indicating a high

170 and provide a means for distinguishing GPR55 selective ligands from those interacting with cannabinoi

171 ated that 17beta-estradiol (E2) and the GPER-selective ligand G-1 triggered a GPER/EGFR/ERK/c-fos sig

172 tis elegans via the EXP-1 receptor, a cation-selective ligand-gated ion channel.

173 udies indicate that GABA may activate cation-selective ligand-gated ion channels in some cell types,

174 bitory neurotransmission by activating anion-selective ligand-gated ion channels.

175 c acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are cation-selective, ligand-gated ion channels of the cysteine (Cy

176 d hormone receptor-beta--selective (TR-beta--selective) ligand, GC-1, to determine by a pharmacologic

177 6alpha-iodo-17beta-estradiol and the ER-beta selective ligand genistein failed to elicit ERK phosphor

178 A structurally novel opioid kappa receptor selective ligand has been identified.

179 iscovering dopamine D2-like receptor subtype-selective ligands has been a focus of significant invest

180 t both receptor families, the development of selective ligands has been proven difficult, exposing pa

181 fter 2 decades of intense research, numerous selective ligands have been developed to target this rec

182 e their importance, few in vivo active MT(1)-selective ligands have been reported(2,8,10-12), hamperi

183 Novel D(4)R-selective ligands have promise in medication development

184 genous ligands are unknown, and many have no selective ligands, hindering the determination of their

185 We demonstrate that PPARalpha-selective ligands (i.e., clofibrate, GW7647) significant

186 lpha-CTx) RgIA, one of the few alpha9alpha10 selective ligands identified to date, is 300-fold less p

187 However, it is difficult to develop a selective ligand if the point mutation is not associated

188 CREB phosphorylation utilizing alpha7 nAChR-selective ligands in PC12 cells endogenously expressing

189 ified the signaling profiles of several NOPR-selective ligands in upstream GPCR signaling (G protein

190 Retinoid X receptor-selective ligands, in contrast, did not regulate these r

191 Modelling of other important kappa-OR-selective ligands, including the morphinan-derived antag

192 An ER-beta-selective ligand increased markers of tricarboxylic acid

193 This selective ligand-induced surface stabilization was paral

194 BD elements outside the C-helix that control selective ligand interaction and channel gating steps by

195 The most potent and selective ligand is compound 23, which displayed a K(i)

196 cancer therapies, and the discovery of CA IX selective ligands is imperative for the development of t

197 d from telomeric DNA, by means of quadruplex-selective ligands, is a means of inhibiting the telomera

198 The latter (8) is one of the most DAT selective ligands known.

199 s the high-affinity interactions with the D4-selective ligand L750,667 [3-[[4-(4-iodophenyl) piperazi

200 s-retinoic acid, and the retinoid X receptor-selective ligand LGD346 on the activity of the thyrotrop

201 ch work has been focused on designing highly selective ligands, little attention has been paid to the

202 opment and examined the effects of an ERbeta-selective ligand (LY3201) with a combination of global a

203 have given way to a myriad of novel receptor-selective ligands, many of which have observable anorect

204 A biased or functionally selective ligand may be able to distinguish between diff

205 Tazarotene used with RXR-selective ligand may thus be a useful antineoplastic age

206 e of biased signaling, and further, the NOPR selective ligands MCOPPB [1-[1-(1-methylcyclooctyl)-4-pi

207 ethyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine] and the D2-selective ligands methylspiperone, aripiprazole, and its

208 ork overlap is maximized and the size of the selective ligands minimized.

209 ty for the kappa receptor relative to the mu-selective ligand, (+)-N-[trans-4-phenyl-2-butenyl]-(3R,

210 In this study, development of a selective ligand of the fifth BRD of polybromo protein-1

211 tituted benzoxazoles (Table 5) were the most selective ligands of both azole series, with ERB-041 (11

212 de that CCL17 and CCL22 are conformationally selective ligands of CCR4 and interact with the receptor

213 Pathway selective ligands of the estrogen receptor inhibit trans

214 transfer biosensor to screen for functional selective ligands of the human oxytocin (OT) receptor.

215 Biased ligands (also known as functionally selective ligands) of G protein-coupled receptors are va

216 Combining the frameworks from two selective ligands often results in large, complex dual l

217 biochemical analysis of the effect of sigma2 selective ligands on cells grown in culture.

218 n part explain the different effects of CB2R-selective ligands on cocaine self-administration in mice

219 ical processes remain unknown due to lack of selective ligands or identification of its natural ligan

220 Our previous studies have shown that RXR-selective ligands (or "rexinoids"), including LGD1069, c

221 ts of rat pancreatic polypeptide (rPP), a Y4-selective ligand, or NPY, a nonselective ligand, adminis

222 monocytes were stimulated with TLR4, TLR7/8-selective ligands, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

223 The method uses a combination of selective ligand (P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) methanediphospho

224 ms remain untested because of the lack of D3-selective ligands, paucity of appropriate model secretor

225 affinity of the receptors for D(1) and D(2)-selective ligands, perhaps reflecting altered packing of

226 ere we report that the less G-quadruplex DNA selective ligand PIPER can unwind double-stranded, close

227 specific binding for several radioactive D3-selective ligands, possibly reflecting their critical ro

228 of ERalpha activation, using the ER subtype-selective ligand propylpyrazoletriyl (PPT), on skeletal

229 The development of biased (functionally selective) ligands provides a formidable challenge in me

230 Comprehensive studies that consolidate selective ligands, quantitative comparisons of G protein

231 The binding of the D(1)-selective ligand R-(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phe

232 Based on treatments with RAR isoform-selective ligands, RARalpha is the major isoform respons

233 ing responses, along with binding data for a selective ligand (RCP-168), further validated the biosen

234 We show that retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-selective ligands reduce EGFR level and the magnitude an

235 Estrogen receptor beta (ER-beta) and its selective ligand reprogrammed preadipocytes and precurso

236 o-proximal NO switch could contribute to the selective ligand responses in gas-sensing hemoproteins.

237 Similarly, treatment with mu-selective ligands results in a significant increase in t

238 ls with extremely low doses of certain delta-selective ligands results in a significant increase in t

239 r alone or in combination, and using subtype selective ligands revealed that concurrent stimulation i

240 We identified several KOR-selective ligand scaffolds with a range of signaling bia

241 o identify an aptamer for testing as a tumor-selective ligand, SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands

242 With the appreciation that CB2-selective ligands show marked functional selectivity, th

243 Treatment with RAR- and RXR-selective ligands showed that RARalpha synergized with R

244 crylonitrile (DG172), a novel PPARbeta/delta-selective ligand showing high binding affinity (IC(50) =

245 most likely because the retinoid X receptor-selective ligand suppresses thyrotropin secretion.

246 as a viable receptor site for the design of selective ligands targeting Na(V)1.7.

247 combination with a retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective ligand, tazarotene caused ERK activation, RB t

248 Alpha-conotoxin MII, a selective ligand that discriminates among a variety of n

249 Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), an ERbeta selective ligand that we developed, is a chiral molecule

250 hat fragment hits can be advanced to furnish selective ligands that affect the activity of proteins h

251 ype-specific interactions and the ER subtype-selective ligands that can be derived from them should p

252 its functions has been slowed by a dearth of selective ligands that can distinguish it from the close

253 ovide tools for development of alpha6*-nAChR-selective ligands that could be important in the treatme

254 ns, spawning renewed interest in identifying selective ligands that enhance targeted delivery of ASOs

255 g a biological role for GPR55 requires GPR55 selective ligands that have been unavailable.

256 used for the rational design of functionally selective ligands that may eventually be developed into

257 Moreover, we developed receptor-selective ligands that provide tools to assess which rec

258 Selective ligands that specifically activate GPCR135 or

259 ed to these cells in combination with an RAR-selective ligand, the ability of these retinoids to indu

260 rily because of the lack of receptor subtype-selective ligands, the precise physiological roles of th

261 hand, IGFBP-3 enhanced the effect of an RXR-selective ligand to induce differentiation of HL-60 and

262 h the inability of the ER-alpha- and ER-beta-selective ligands to elicit ERK phosphorylation, and of

263 e designed and synthesized a novel series of selective ligands to explore the requirements necessary

264 Herein, we employ recently-developed subtype-selective ligands to investigate singular or combined EP

265 used SST receptor knock-out mice and subtype-selective ligands to investigate the receptor subtype th

266 However, the potential of ER-beta-selective ligands to offset obesity is not clear.

267 kely play a role in the ability of E2 and ER selective ligands to protect the brain from ischemia.

268 isease-causing networks instead of designing selective ligands to target individual proteins, has eme

269 t determined the ability of EP(4)A, an EP(4)-selective ligand, to act as an antagonist.

270 Selective ligand trapping by reversible disulfide format

271 eptor ligands now showed that highly subtype-selective ligands [up to K(i)(D(4.4)) = 0.25 nM, D(2L)/D

272 as a starting point for development of GluD2-selective ligands useful as tools in studies of the sign

273 nt study we have attempted to identify BRS-3 selective ligands using a strategy of rational peptide d

274 Using selective ligands (VEGF-E and placental growth factor) a

275 The most potent and selective ligand was identified as (R,R)-cis-diethyl THC

276 Thus, by using the ERbeta selective ligand, we have dissociated the antiinflammato

277 In a new approach to develop ER subtype-selective ligands, we have embellished the 1,1-diaryleth

278 To develop ERbeta-selective ligands, we synthesized a series of nonsteroid

279 To address the need for novel selective ligands, we synthesized two compounds potentia

280 Among these new compounds, some potent, NET-selective ligands were identified.

281 ned for hBRS-3, hGRPR, and hNMBR, and hBRS-3 selective ligands were tested for their ability to activ

282 39 were most important for binding the CCK1R-selective ligand, whereas residues 2.61 and 7.39 were mo

283 ER subtype-selective ligands, which bind to and activate these subt

284 osphorylation of Erk1/2 in response to CRFR1-selective ligands, which induce proliferation in primary

285 novel lead compound to develop MOR/KOR dual-selective ligands, which might possess unique therapeuti

286 being devoted to the development of subunit-selective ligands, which should enable more precise phar

287 Selective liganding with photoswitchable tethered agonis

288 New selective ligands with antagonist or agonist activities

289 Compound 5 represents a new class of selective ligands with antileishmanial activity.

290 nthesis of new bifunctional sigma-1 (sigma1)-selective ligands with antioxidant activity.

291 39, indirectly influence the interactions of selective ligands with conserved residues by altering th

292 hich could facilitate the rational design of selective ligands with distinct pharmacological profiles

293 demonstrated that all isomers are beta-nAChR selective ligands with Ki = 0.02-0.3 nM.

294 amine receptors results from interactions of selective ligands with nonconserved residues lining the

295 h-receptor and can be considered th-receptor selective ligands with PCP/th ratios of 13, 293, and 368

296 (LOR) guided the synthesis of novel subunit-selective ligands with simplified structures.

297 ficacy that can be used to design highly D3R-selective ligands with targeted efficacies.

298 rface, and may facilitate the development of selective ligands with therapeutic potential.

299 When it is difficult to develop selective ligands within a family of related G-protein-c

300 alpha-CtxArIB[V11L,V16D] is the most selective ligand yet reported for alpha7 nAChRs.