ライフサイエンスコーパス: selfing

1 trees shown by the paternity analysis (0-80% selfing).

2 were advanced up to four (M4) generations by selfing.

3 modifiers on cross-compatibility and partial selfing.

4 able to reproduce also asexually and/or via selfing.

5 cificity haplotypes that effectively prevent selfing.

6 f sibbing, less with sibbing, and least with selfing.

7 al, single-celled, binucleated ascospores by selfing.

8 ot have been a key step in the transition to selfing.

9 tilization must be overcome or lost to allow selfing.

10 asing the odds of gamete compatibility under selfing.

11 ed abortion, nearly equal to that found upon selfing.

12 ons of backcrossing and seven generations of selfing.

13 om mating and the derivation of 500 lines by selfing.

14 y extensive LD because of its high degree of selfing.

15 ost species have genetic barriers to prevent selfing.

16 atible allele combinations through continual selfing.

17 asing apomixis or outcrossing and decreasing selfing.

18 pollen and seed migration rates, and partial selfing.

19 whose evolution is sometimes correlated with selfing.

20 andom mating relative to that under complete selfing.

21 gradually to that maintained under complete selfing.

22 e populations have undergone a transition to selfing.

23 ts and invertebrate animals with predominant selfing.

24 wo different life cycles: under gametophytic selfing, a given proportion of fertilizations involves g

25 haploid individual, while under sporophytic selfing, a proportion of fertilizations involves gametes

26 Path analysis suggests that a high selfing ability directly increases the number of regions

27 owering plants at the global scale that high selfing ability fosters alien plant naturalization both

28 Selfing ability is associated with annual or biennial li

29 Plants with selfing ability should be more likely to establish outsi

30 path analyses to test relationships between selfing ability, life history, native range size and glo

31 ulation genetic structure imposed by partial selfing affected the opportunity for different forms of

32 Moreover, gametophytic selfing affects the relative influence of different comp

33 reproductive assurance strategy that allows selfing after opportunities for out-crossing have been e

34 stribution of breeding values in lineages of selfing age tau.

35 Selfing also varied dramatically among fruits within dis

36 lization is common in plants; 20% are highly selfing and 33% are intermediate between selfing and out

37 Such differences suggest that selfing and asexual lineages may be evolutionarily short

38 Selfing and asexual reproduction also may allow reproduc

39 xtended to include phenomena such as partial selfing and background selection through the use of an a

40 rsistence in Geranium maculatum, we measured selfing and biparental inbreeding rates in four populati

41 Results from selfing and crossing it with the wild type revealed that

42 Transition matrices for selfing and full-sib mating were derived to investigate

43 The method, initially developed for selfing and full-sib mating, is extended here to include

44 explanation for the coexistence of moderate selfing and high inbreeding depression in this strongly

45 an selfed progeny; (iii) differing values of selfing and inbreeding depression using population means

46 other and those that lie between, including selfing and inbreeding.

47 Selfing and life-table experiments were performed for tw

48 Under pure selfing and Mendelian segregation, heterozygotes must ha

49 of genetic structure with the predominantly selfing and often-syntopic, K. hermaphroditus.

50 In this report, we show that both selfing and outcrossing occur in 10 additional populatio

51 an estimate the parameters of DGM in natural selfing and outcrossing populations.

52 (a breeding system characterized by partial selfing and outcrossing) and dioecy (characterized by ob

53 The three sexes are produced by both selfing and outcrossing, and females tend to appear earl

54 hly selfing and 33% are intermediate between selfing and outcrossing.

55 urging of deleterious recessive alleles with selfing and overdominant selection with outcrossing can

56 performance of self and outcross progeny in selfing and predominantly outcrossing populations of the

57 occurrence and as a mechanism that inhibits selfing and promotes outbreeding in many plant species.

58 es slightly inexact for some combinations of selfing and recombination parameters.

59 emography and monoecious populations with no selfing and requires that offspring genotypes are sample

60 nts of SGS identified biparental inbreeding, selfing and restricted seed dispersal as main determinan

61 Selfing and spermatogenesis are extremely rare in XX F(1

62 Partial selfing and subdivision do not greatly slow this converg

63 either completely outcrossing or completely selfing and that populations are at mutation-selection (

64 idance of inbreeding depression generated by selfing and the ability of outcrossing populations to ad

65 The transition to selfing and the associated changes in flower morphology

66 We suggest that reproductive modes, such as selfing and vegetative reproduction, conserve adaptive m

67 Evidence for S gene modifiers that increase selfing and/or cross-compatibility was also found.

68 e S. squalidus individuals also show partial selfing and/or greater levels of cross-compatibility tha

69 re than two mating types or sexes, unisexual selfing, and even examples in which organisms switch mat

70 e due to the combined effects of demography, selfing, and genome redundancy from WGD.

71 rocess can be adapted to models that include selfing, and then use this result to find moment estimat

72 Thus, the adaptive significance of selfing apparently varies across hermaphroditic taxa.

73 tural selection, coupled with high levels of selfing, are likely to explain the observed reductions i

74 riance less than or equal to that under pure selfing; as r increases above [Formula: see text] the ou

75 Moderate levels of inferred selfing (B. heracleifolia s=0.40, B. nelumbiifolia s=0.6

76 igns consisting of any arbitrary sequence of selfing, backcrossing, intercrossing and haploid-doublin

77 genomic material did show elevated rates of selfing, but selfed progeny were mostly inviable.

78 term in this solution is the probability of selfing by clone-mates within the vector (based on the c

79 n component of floral scent has been lost in selfing C. rubella by mutation of cinnamate-CoA ligase C

80 Selfing can be particularly important for weeds and othe

81 rmoratus and K. ocellatus, implying that the selfing capacity has persisted in these fishes for at le

82 nkage analysis of pollen compatibility after selfing confirmed that this distortion was due to a locu

83 classical view of Stebbins that predominant selfing constitutes an "evolutionary dead end."

84 with emphasis on C. briggsae, which evolved selfing convergently.

85 ction with varying levels of outcrossing and selfing, degrees of dominance and selection coefficients

86 ing depression and marker-based estimates of selfing, demonstrating that when the pollination environ

87 by outcrossing, with no current evidence of selfing, despite being an androdioecious species.

88 mets accounted for 45.4% of the variation in selfing, differences among genets accounted for 16.1% of

89 r a sample of DNA sequences from a partially selfing diploid population and an algorithm for simulati

90 ix unlinked genomic regions in the partially selfing domesticated grass, Sorghum bicolor.

91 reliable, floral traits promoting autonomous selfing evolve as a mechanism of reproductive assurance.

92 enotypic values of F(3) progeny derived from selfing F(2) plants in place of the F(2) phenotype itsel

93 ibute promoting genome recombination in this selfing fish, while, in addition to a mixed mating strat

94 were germinal; however, in all but one case, selfing five individual Mutator-tagged lines failed to r

95 ic simulations were run for populations with selfing, full-sib mating, and random mating, using empir

96 This effect is due to the fact that selfing generates a correlation in homozygosity at linke

97 rations or among different siblings within a selfing generation, suggesting that the silencing of pro

98 s of the progenitors' genes among successive selfing generations and independent lineages.

99 ning the effect of family size and number of selfing generations on phenotyping accuracy and genomic

100 ly outcrossing Geum rivale and predominantly selfing Geum urbanum.

101 ice, Oryza rufipogon, an important partially selfing grass species.

102 The degree of selfing has a large impact on the genetic composition of

103 The degree of selfing has major impacts on adaptability and is often c

104 Sporophytic selfing has much stronger effects: even a small selfing

105 tion from pollinator-mediated outbreeding to selfing has occurred many times in angiosperms.

106 Evolutionary shifts from outcrossing to selfing have been frequent in plants, but little is know

107 Shifts from outcrossing to selfing have occurred thousands of times across the tree

108 atodes have evolved a mating system in which selfing hermaphrodites and males coexist.

109 ns is an androdioecious nematode composed of selfing hermaphrodites and rare males.

110 found to decline faster than expected during selfing, heterozygosity persisted at many loci, and near

111 son model conditioned on the distribution of selfing histories in the population.

112 The infinitesimal model for partial selfing (IMS) involves an infinite number of loci in a l

113 locus in the evolution of and transition to selfing in A. thaliana.

114 s implications on the capacity of autonomous selfing in both allopatric and sympatric populations of

115 rchitecture of floral traits associated with selfing in M. parishii was primarily polygenic, as in ot

116 e disparity between observations of frequent selfing in nature and rare selfing in the laboratory sug

117 tudies have found moderate to high levels of selfing in plants despite high inbreeding depression.

118 es instead of traditionally believed haploid selfing in S. sclerotiorum.

119 We enforced selfing in self-incompatible plants with known S-locus g

120 uction of petal size after the transition to selfing in the genus Capsella Variation within this intr

121 tions of frequent selfing in nature and rare selfing in the laboratory suggests that the mating syste

122 e disequilibrium, suggesting that widespread selfing in this species results in a reduction of the ef

123 We find that gametophytic selfing increases the range of epistasis under which inc

124 lation genetic factors, such as the level of selfing, intensity of selection against heterozygotes or

125 ral selection during the five generations of selfing involved in line formation essentially eliminate

126 The degree of selfing is closely related to the extent to which the nu

127 sistence and raise the threshold below which selfing is favoured by evolution.

128 Importantly, the estimate of long-term selfing is largely independent of population size and is

129 shift in mating system from out-breeding to selfing is one of the most frequent evolutionary transit

130 t claims: the transition from outcrossing to selfing is unidirectional; and the diversification rate,

131 t mating systems, one of which, gametophytic selfing, is an extreme form of inbreeding only possible

132 e need for such an extension by showing that selfing leads to spurious signals of population substruc

133 The transcriptomic changes common to both selfing lineages are enriched in genes with low network

134 ating-related traits, and may ultimately put selfing lineages at a higher risk of extinction.

135 f the mechanisms that limit the longevity of selfing lineages has been difficult.

136 Newly formed selfing lineages may express recessive genetic load and

137 lution of XX spermatogenesis, with different selfing lineages possessing both reproducible and idiosy

138 cts of hybridization between outcrossing and selfing lineages will be F1s and first-generation backcr

139 may include brief and variable durations of selfing lineages, as well as ongoing difficulties in rel

140 markedly from the ancestral pattern in both selfing lineages, though in distinct ways.

141 For selfing lines under selection type I, inbreeding is alwa

142 s, hybrid generations, full-sib families and selfing lines) have recently received much attention in

143 keyflowers, outcrossing Mimulus guttatus and selfing M. nasutus.

144 ance linked to the mating type, and a highly selfing mating system in Microbotryum.

145 ygote SSR genotypes, which in turn reflect a selfing mating system.

146 tages, our results suggest that gametophytic selfing may have greater significance for fern evolution

147 is limited in outcrossing populations, since selfing may not always be feasible.

148 sis and outbreeding depression in the highly selfing model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, by crossing re

149 th heterothallic outcrossing and homothallic selfing modes, and transitions between the two are commo

150 tern of linkage disequilibrium suggests that selfing most likely evolved roughly a million years ago

151 floral morphology and capacity of autonomous selfing, most likely as a way to reduce the probability

152 ence genome, large germplasm collection, and selfing nature make it an excellent subject for studies

153 Its highly selfing nature, small size, short generation time, small

154 In absence of selfing, nuclear gynodioecy results in a reduction of N(

155 When selfing occurs, gynodioecy either increases or decreases

156 Selfing of a heterozygous mutant produced normal-sized a

157 some virulent F1 progeny were recovered from selfing of an avirulent parent, suggesting a reservoir o

158 wo parents, from random-cross of IF2 or from selfing of IF2 population.

159 Repeated selfing of pgd2 transfer (T-)DNA alleles yielded no homo

160 L.) is not always fully effective: obligate selfing of plants sieves self-compatible pollen mutants,

161 Isolates generated by selfing of the 3D7A clone also exhibited altered furosem

162 oci under the automictic mating (intratetrad selfing) of anther-smut fungi.

163 2.9% selfing on two-flower displays to 37.3% selfing on 16-flower displays reflects changes in the ex

164 We estimate that approximately half of all selfing on 16-flower displays resulted from geitonogamy.

165 The increase from 22.9% selfing on two-flower displays to 37.3% selfing on 16-fl

166 ill be displaced from populations in which a selfing or asexual variant arises.

167 t functional gene transfer is more common in selfing or clonal plants than in outcrossing plants, a p

168 wever, in many plant and animal populations, selfing or outcrossing is often incomplete in that a pro

169 es a basis for characterizing DGM in partial selfing or outcrossing populations and for nonequilibriu

170 ination (i.e. values equivalent to autogamy, selfing or outcrossing) suggest that pollination levels

171 ch method under different degrees of partial selfing or partial outcrossing and for nonequilibrium po

172 an arbitrary number of prior generations of selfing or sib-mating.

173 ae alleles did not increase the incidence of selfing or spermatogenesis relative to the F(1) generati

174 Higher selfing or stronger selection against heterozygotes in t

175 n migration alone, complete random mating or selfing, or migrant pollen and seeds lacking disequilibr

176 uding those that are domesticated, partially selfing, or with asexual life cycles show strong deviati

177 Self-fertilizing ('selfing') organisms do not incur the cost of males and t

178 he mean and genetic variance of fitness upon selfing/outcrossing in outcrossing/highly selfing popula

179 s of parental and progeny generations across selfing/outcrossing in outcrossing/selfing populations a

180 surveys in mitochondrial genomes and in the selfing plant Arabidopsis show that weak negative select

181 sposon family, in natural populations of the selfing plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its close outcros

182 en locally adapted populations of the highly selfing plant Arabidopsis thaliana from Sweden and Italy

183 The selfing plant Arabidopsis thaliana has been proposed to

184 In the selfing plant Arabidopsis thaliana, pseudogenes at the S

185 number-associated loci in the predominantly selfing plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

186 to the genetic architecture observed in the selfing plant species rice and Arabidopsis.

187 nbreeding depression observed in this highly selfing plant species.

188 compassing the male gametes is widespread in selfing plants.

189 and can therefore tolerate higher levels of selfing; polyploid ferns indeed have higher levels of se

190 ns across selfing/outcrossing in outcrossing/selfing populations and the covariance between mean fitn

191 ication of random mating models to partially selfing populations can produce very inaccurate predicti

192 n with the pathogen rapidly drove obligately selfing populations to extinction, whereas outcrossing p

193 In highly selfing populations, U and h are upwardly biased, U is n

194 et genotype and allele frequency dynamics in selfing populations, with or without apomixis.

195 rossing populations is better than in highly selfing populations.

196 ural selection against element insertions in selfing populations.

197 in outcrossing populations and if S > 0.8 in selfing populations.

198 on selfing/outcrossing in outcrossing/highly selfing populations.

199 raits varied across species and suggest that selfing potential, antheridiogen responsiveness, sperm d

200 Selfing predominates in the wild, but rare outcrossing m

201 ombined with an absence of productive hybrid selfing, prevents formulation of simple hypotheses about

202 While selfing produces XX hermaphrodites, cross-fertilization

203 ies studied show a capacity for gametophytic selfing, producing sporophytes from both isolated and pa

204 HD1 or related homologs and are heritable in selfing progeny.

205 movements was significantly correlated with selfing (r = 0.993).

206 e microsatellite analyses to document a high selfing rate (97%) in a related nominal species, Kryptol

207 he Deng-Lynch method is fairly robust if the selfing rate (S) is <0.10 in outcrossing populations and

208 explained as the consequence of variation in selfing rate among the Euphrasia populations, with selfi

209 ct that this comparison is over less extreme selfing rate differences, it is estimated that the diffe

210 fing has much stronger effects: even a small selfing rate greatly increases the parameter range under

211 g rate among the Euphrasia populations, with selfing rate increasing as flower size decreases.

212 aphic range of wild barley, a species with a selfing rate of approximately 98%.

213 as compared to hermaphroditism with the same selfing rate of hermaphrodites.

214 males, the sex determination system, and the selfing rate of hermaphrodites.

215 ge fixation coefficient and population level selfing rate of zero.

216 e important parameters theta = 4N mu and the selfing rate s, where N and mu are, respectively, the ef

217 egative association between genetic load and selfing rate suggests that purgable partially recessive

218 A method of estimating the selfing rate using DNA sequence data was recently propos

219 rs as well as the likelihood surface for the selfing rate, s, and the scaled mutation rate, theta.

220 purged equilibrium, exists for any positive selfing rate, with genetic variance less than or equal t

221 with expectations for a species with a high selfing rate.

222 of Mimulus guttatus that has an intermediate selfing rate.

223 Unexpectedly, N(ec) also varies with the selfing rate.

224 nger the local selection, and the higher the selfing rate.

225 equilibrium genetic variance exists at each selfing rate; as r increases above [Formula: see text] t

226 self among trees, which was reflected in the selfing rates among pasture trees shown by the paternity

227 mating pattern shifts can manifest as higher selfing rates and lower pollen diversity in old growth f

228 for simultaneous inference of inbreeding or selfing rates and population-of-origin classification us

229 magnitude of which depends on hermaphroditic selfing rates and the strength of inbreeding depression.

230 Prefertilization mechanisms influencing selfing rates are thought to be absent in conifers.

231 eographic location of sampling, and estimate selfing rates for both groups that are consistent with e

232 To test for increased selfing rates in a polyploid, the mating systems of the

233 model of male maintenance demonstrates that selfing rates in hermaphrodites cannot be too high or el

234 sufficient to prevent evolution of increased selfing rates in this species, according to some theoret

235 lations necessitates reproductive assurance, selfing rates increase.

236 Maternal family data gave selfing rates intermediate between obligate outcrossers

237 Selfing rates of hermaphrodites were low and did not dif

238 link reproductive assurance to intermediate selfing rates through mixed mating.

239 The implications for evolution of selfing rates, and for adaptive evolution and persistenc

240 , with strong inbreeding depression and high selfing rates, evolution can occur opposite the directio

241 y equal to that under random mating, for all selfing rates, r, up to critical value, [Formula: see te

242 pe frequencies on the basis of inbreeding or selfing rates.

243 er, this effect is substantial only for high selfing rates.

244 s, facilitating the evolution of even higher selfing rates.

245 ative accuracy of each theory for a range of selfing rates.

246 minance in the populations that evolved high selfing rates.

247 n colonizing situations, rather than of high selfing rates.

248 lect local pollinator-mediated selection for selfing rather than the constant 3:2 genetic advantage i

249 ion in specific genomic sequences during the selfing regime was noted in the ddm1 mutants.

250 We hypothesise that selfing-related reduction of recombination across the M.

251 By reducing the size of the gene pool, selfing should limit adaptive potential.

252 n against genome-wide introgression from the selfing sister species M. nasutus has acted to maintain

253 species compared to the 27,025 genes in the selfing species Arabidopsis thaliana.

254 Adult transcriptome assemblies from the selfing species are consistently and strikingly smaller

255 r the mitochondrial genome, diversity in the selfing species averaged 42% of diversity in C. remanei.

256 For two nuclear genes, diversity in the selfing species averaged 6 and 13% of diversity in C. re

257 distributed incompatibility in the primarily selfing species Caenorhabditis elegans that has been mai

258 Across diverse taxa, selfing species have evolved independently from outcross

259 uence polymorphism reflect breeding systems: selfing species show much less within-species polymorphi

260 uld extend across multiple linked genes in a selfing species such as Arabidopsis thaliana due to its

261 te polymorphisms at the causal region in the selfing species suggests that the small-petal allele was

262 and global gene expression by comparing two selfing species, C. elegans and C. briggsae, with three

263 e evolution and persistence of predominantly selfing species, provide a theoretical basis for the cla

264 In contrast, in predominantly selfing species, the rarity of double heterozygotes lead

265 nicotine concentrations in outcrossing than selfing species, with a 15-fold decrease in leaf nicotin

266 likely to be missing from the genomes of the selfing species.

267 nt of natural heterozygosity, which typifies selfing species.

268 ion was lower in L. bicolor, the more highly selfing species.

269 ale gametes is advantageous in predominantly selfing species.

270 ciation and extinction rate, is negative for selfing species.

271 ically requiring at least six generations of selfing starting from a heterozygous F(1).

272 m inbred lines Mo17 and B73 and developed by selfing suggested two putative QTL (LOD > 2.4) affecting

273 oral size, pollen and nectar, few studies of selfing syndrome divergence have examined nectar.

274 Although the evolution of the selfing syndrome often involves reductions in floral siz

275 ed on flower evolution in the context of the selfing syndrome.

276 often considered as evolutionary dead ends, selfing taxa may make an important contribution to plant

277 ics of hybridization between outcrossing and selfing taxa.

278 polyploid ferns indeed have higher levels of selfing than do their diploid parents, but polyploid ang

279 berg erecta (Ler) wild-type (WT) followed by selfing, the mutant phenotype was identified in the GA4

280 Despite apparent similarities to diploid selfing, the theoretical prediction is that heterozygosi

281 r predominantly outcrossing or predominantly selfing, there are some notable exceptions.

282 to have a true mixed-mating system in which selfing through CL and CH flowers contributes to populat

283 0 generations) for a shift towards increased selfing to have occurred.

284 rogression is likely to be asymmetrical from selfing to outcrossing lineages.

285 We lack direct tests of reversals from selfing to outcrossing, and require data concerning the

286 odification of the mating system from strict selfing to strict outcrossing using the ms1b nuclear mal

287 and the relative contribution of autonomous selfing to total seed set varies geographically and is o

288 from Drosophila melanogaster and two highly selfing tomato species.

289 ion of flower size after the out-breeding-to-selfing transition based on additive effects of segregat

290 For selfing under selection type II or full-sib mating under

291 pe combination, expected to be compatible on selfing, was sometimes incompatible.

292 y floral display on pollinator movements and selfing, we experimentally manipulated flower number in

293 positive selection, and others, such as the selfing weed Arabidopsis thaliana, showing an excess of

294 that our model reproduces earlier results on selfing, when the female choice strategy produces assort

295 We also discuss the consequences of selfing, which leads to a rapid loss of variation and re

296 ovide indirect support for an association of selfing with negative diversification rates.

297 The estimation may be unbiased under partial selfing with variable and epistatic mutation effects in

298 nce was inherited through two generations of selfing, with average spontaneous mutation frequencies o

299 ion) and subsequently alter the evolution of selfing within plant populations.

300 s, years and maternal families; (ii) partial selfing yet higher relative fitness in outcrossed than s

301 In pollinations matched by maternal family, selfing yielded significantly fewer seeds than outcrossi