ライフサイエンスコーパス: sepal

1 ted to the pedicels (and, in some cases, the sepals).

2 in the variability of clones throughout the sepal.

3 t a continuous mechanical model of a growing sepal.

4 on throughout most of the development of the sepal.

5 and cell size patterning in the Arabidopsis sepal.

6 outer epidermis of the Arabidopsis thaliana sepal.

7 ased numbers of sepals and exhibit fusion of sepals.

8 to four extra petals, and one or two missing sepals.

9 of all four SEP genes in the development of sepals.

10 nes are also expressed in the guard cells of sepals.

11 s and, possibly, palea and lemma as modified sepals.

12 oduce flowers in which all organs develop as sepals.

13 of the floral organs examined apart from the sepals.

14 ctar spurs are replaced with a second set of sepals.

15 the growth of clones of cells in Arabidopsis sepals.

16 neighboring cell growth was reduced in ftsh4 sepals.

17 may not control the identity of the petaloid sepals.

18 Most wild-type Arabidopsis flowers have 4 sepals, 4 petals, 6 stamens, and 2 carpels.

19 y results in all flower organs developing as sepals [5].

20 ost commonly show a pentamerous pattern of 5 sepals, 5 petals 5 stamens, and 2 carpels.

21 ly growing trichome cells in the Arabidopsis sepal, a reproducible floral organ.

22 nes of 'Hayward' kiwifruit, at the "break of sepals", about one week before anthesis, to study its ef

23 same genetic pathway creating giant cells in sepals also regulates cell size in the leaf epidermis, l

24 In the sepal and carpel whorls the smallest sectors of marked a

25 By comparing sepal and leaf epidermises with computationally generate

26 marked tissue were found to be one half of a sepal and one half of a carpel, respectively.

27 We also show that the role of RBE in sepal and petal development is mediated in part through

28 fl) phenotype, where defects are observed in sepal and petal development, but leaf blades are apparen

29 jag alleles have their strongest effects on sepal and petal development, suggesting that JAG may act

30 The A-class gene APETALA2 (AP2) promotes sepal and petal identities in whorls 1 and 2 and restric

31 istem identity but function independently in sepal and petal identity (AP1) and in proper fruit devel

32 (AP1) specifies floral meristem identity and sepal and petal identity in Arabidopsis.

33 ly, the role of APETALA1 as an "A-function" (sepal and petal identity) gene is thought to be Brassica

34 est known for the role of AP1 in Arabidopsis sepal and petal identity, the canonical A function of th

35 , regulate developmental events required for sepal and petal organogenesis.

36 d later its expression becomes restricted to sepal and petal primordia.

37 also has subtle pleiotropic effects on both sepal and pistil morphology.

38 limited primarily to vascular tissue in the sepal and the silique.

39 of TAGL1 in tomato resulted in expansion of sepals and accumulation of lycopene, supporting the role

40 11 is uniquely expressed in the trichomes of sepals and ACS1 in the replum.

41 of flower development, including carpelloid sepals and an inhibition of petal development.

42 ant, principally after infusion of its dried sepals and calyces, which are usually discarded.

43 versions of floral organ whorls 2 and 3 into sepals and carpelloid structures, respectively, similar

44 We show that bnq3 mutants have pale-green sepals and carpels and decreased chlorophyll levels, sug

45 mutants, petals and stamens are missing and sepals and carpels develop in their place.

46 etals and stamens are partially converted to sepals and carpels, respectively.

47 lts in flowers consisting almost entirely of sepals and carpels.

48 aloid, that produces flowers comprising only sepals and carpels.

49 all biotypes examined and could extend into sepals and corolla.

50 t some rbe flowers have increased numbers of sepals and exhibit fusion of sepals.

51 In both sepals and leaves, giant cells are scattered among small

52 Additionally, rin plants display enlarged sepals and loss of inflorescence determinacy.

53 elopmentally in young flowers, and in mature sepals and ovaries, whereas transcript for hmg3.3 accumu

54 t U1-70K is necessary for the development of sepals and petals and is an essential gene in plants.

55 -function is required for the development of sepals and petals and to antagonize the C-function in th

56 a striking increase in the longevity of the sepals and petals as well as delays in a selected set of

57 roductive tissue, expression was observed in sepals and petals before anthesis, and in all floral org

58 whorls, where it specifies the identities of sepals and petals by restricting the expression of AGAMO

59 e organs surrounded by a sterile perianth of sepals and petals constitute the basic floral structure.

60 In many plants, including Arabidopsis, the sepals and petals form distinctive nanoridges in their c

61 clade in which perianth differentiation into sepals and petals has evolved multiple times.

62 The A1 and A3 genes are expressed in the sepals and petals of flowers as well as the outer layer

63 to mutation of an AP2-like gene that causes sepals and petals to merge into a single whorl of mixed

64 loral organ abscission, and produced leaves, sepals and petals with diminished blades, indicating a r

65 inct floral organs, including differentiated sepals and petals, and a perianth distinct from stamens

66 (mSlARF10) developed narrow leaflet blades, sepals and petals, and abnormally shaped fruit.

67 le flowers within one sepal whorl, fusion of sepals and petals, and conversion of sepals into carpel-

68 be expressed in all floral organs, including sepals and petals, arguing against the hypothesis that p

69 epetition of sepals and stamens, rather that sepals and petals, as is observed in agamous single muta

70 s, autotetraploids had proportionally longer sepals and petals, but the same number of flowers, anthe

71 in floral organ number, particularly in the sepals and petals, correlating with an increase in the w

72 d sepal-to-petal transformations and/or more sepals and petals, suggesting interference with N. benth

73 ggum flowers contain more organs, especially sepals and petals, than found in wild-type flowers.

74 1 gene is required for normal development of sepals and petals.

75 vein pattern defects in cotyledons, leaves, sepals and petals.

76 t to floral meristems and the development of sepals and petals.

77 Mutants have fused sepals and reduced organ numbers in all four whorls, esp

78 lateral stipules from leaves and of lateral sepals and stamens from flowers.

79 nts and caused transformation of petals into sepals and stamens into carpels.

80 sults in homeotic conversions of petals into sepals and stamens into carpels.

81 nts exhibit partial conversions of petals to sepals and stamens to carpels.

82 indeterminate and consist of a repetition of sepals and stamens, rather that sepals and petals, as is

83 petals, stamens, and carpels in addition to sepals and that it plays an important role in meristem i

84 The first (outermost) whorl consists of four sepals and the fourth (innermost) whorl is made up of tw

85 This role has been assumed by sepals and/or gynostemium or whole inflorescence.

86 tight cluster; it also has narrower leaves, sepals, and petals than either single mutant or wild-typ

87 ongation of floral organs, including petals, sepals, and siliques in Arabidopsis.

88 regulated by common mechanisms in leaves and sepals, and the spatial pattern of giant cells emerges f

89 P10 Nkx2-5(+/R52G) mice demonstrated atrial sepal anomalies, with significant increase in the size o

90 However, the fact that sepals are converted into carpelloid organs in certain m

91 s plants is seen in flowers where individual sepals are fused along the lower part of their margins.

92 tem formation, coupled with slower growth of sepals at 15 degrees C, produced larger intersepal regio

93 ral organ merosity, especially supernumerary sepals, at incomplete penetrance in the first-formed flo

94 (AtZFP2), was elevated in stamen, petal, and sepal AZs.

95 Sepals become swollen, red, and succulent, produce ethyl

96 e plant with expression in leaves, stems and sepals but not in petals, mesophyll cells or roots.

97 In vitro culture of VFNT Cherry tomato sepals (calyx) at 16-21 degrees C results in development

98 demonstrates that differential growth in the sepal can generate transverse tensile stress at the tip.

99 d whorl sepal-petal-stamens and fourth whorl sepal-carpels.

100 ent field accurately describes the growth of sepal cell lineages and reveals underlying trends within

101 IP4) fine-tunes the mechanical properties of sepal cell walls and maintains balanced growth on both s

102 s elongation or differentiation of petal and sepal cells.

103 to AGAMOUS gene, TAG1, in ripening, in vitro sepal cultures and other tissues from the plant and foun

104 ransitional staminodes, a staminal tube, and sepal cup can be viewed as prehypanthial, lacking only f

105 loral characters of the fossils, including a sepal cup, staminal tube, and apparently nectariferous s

106 king only fusion of the staminal tube to the sepal cup.

107 gen allocation to female whorls (pistils and sepals) decreased under high density, whereas nitrogen a

108 more, in non-embryonic tissues (true leaves, sepals), DEK1 is required for epidermis differentiation

109 f a conserved petal identity program between sepal-derived and stamen-derived petaloid organs in the

110 We found that neither sepal-derived nor stamen-derived petaloid organs exhibit

111 are not expressed during the development of sepal-derived petals and are not implicated in petal ide

112 utant that exhibits defects in whorl 2 where sepals develop in place of petals, but third whorl stame

113 egulates ripening, whereas LeMADS-MC affects sepal development and inflorescence determinacy.

114 ts, aberrant phyllotaxy of flowers, aberrant sepal development, floral buds that open precociously, a

115 ng, we show that during Arabidopsis thaliana sepal development, fluctuations in the concentration of

116 ut are lost progressively at later stages of sepal development, indicating that CUS2 is crucial for t

117 d TAGL1 act together to repress fourth whorl sepal development, most likely through the MACROCALYX ge

118 tterns suggested roles in fruit ripening and sepal development, respectively.

119 Sepals enclose and protect the flower bud, while petals

120 The sepal epidermis of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) co

121 reduction in cuticular ridges on the mature sepal epidermis, but only a moderate effect on petal con

122 mutant with ectopic giant cells covering the sepal epidermis.

123 nescent tissues: leaves, cotyledons, petals, sepals, filaments, stigmas, nectaries and siliques.

124 ns to organ curvature and actively maintains sepal flatness during its growth.

125 alyze the epidermal cells of the Arabidopsis sepal, focusing on cortical microtubule arrays, which al

126 , individual cell lineages in the developing sepal follow similarly shaped growth curves.

127 uticular ridge formation progresses down the sepal from tip to base as the sepal grows.

128 th cuticular ridge formation, descending the sepal from tip to base.

129 An Arabidopsis flower robustly develops four sepals from four precisely positioned auxin maxima.

130 AGAMOUS in sepals, TAG1 RNA levels in green sepals from greenhouse-grown plants is detectable, its c

131 onary novelty found across angiosperms where sepals grow exceptionally large to encapsulate fruits in

132 esses down the sepal from tip to base as the sepal grows.

133 both ridge formation and maintenance as the sepal grows.

134 y meristem growth and in floral meristem and sepal identity and that they also play a key role in fru

135 euAP1 genes function in floral meristem and sepal identity, whereas euFUL genes control phase transi

136 y step leading to growth arrest in the whole sepal in response to its own growth.

137 pels because these organs are converted into sepals in sep1 sep2 sep3 triple mutants.

138 The sepals in the transgenic 35S-NAG plants also support eff

139 opment-related myb-like 1 (drmy1), where 3-5 sepals initiate variably and grow to different sizes, co

140 the intensity of auxin maxima and slows down sepal initiation.

141 ly positioned auxin maxima, restoring robust sepal initiation.

142 auxin signaling that disrupts robustness in sepal initiation.

143 gnaling disrupts robust auxin patterning and sepal initiation.

144 rs that are normally rapidly produced before sepal initiation.

145 sion of sepals and petals, and conversion of sepals into carpel-like structures that grew into fruits

146 tions, leading to the homeotic conversion of sepals into petals, carpels, or stamens, depending on th

147 resh flower mass, petal length, petal width, sepal length, sepal width, long stamen length, short sta

148 ies, exhibit numerous instances of petal and sepal loss, transference of petal function between flora

149 the basal left ventricular summit (25%) and sepal LVOT.

150 intains balanced growth on both sides of the sepals, mainly by orchestrating the distribution pattern

151 lular organisation during the development of sepal margins and ovule integument outgrowth.

152 omical analysis indicates that the fusion of sepal margins precludes shedding even though abscission,

153 3 expression was strongest in the petals and sepals of developing flowers and declined after flower o

154 nt in epidermal tissue of roots, petals, and sepals of flower buds, papillae cells of flowers, siliqu

155 ter activity of AtBSMT1 was localized to the sepals of flowers, and also to leaf trichomes and hydath

156 Sepals of fruit on transgenic tomato plants that express

157 observed within organ primordia, such as the sepals of terminal flowers produced by centroradialis mu

158 al tissues, and TTS mRNAs are induced in the sepals of these plants.

159 0-kDa molecular mass range accumulate in the sepals of these transgenic, 35S-NAG plants.

160 ons, increased lateral root density, delayed sepal opening, elongated pistils, and reduced fertility

161 e expressed specifically or predominantly in sepals or petals.

162 opsis We have uncovered that, unlike leaves, sepals, or roots, fruit do not exhibit a spatial separat

163 at the summit and the first whorl transverse sepal pair at the base.

164 r amounts in leaves, fruit coats, seeds, and sepals; Pap2 transcript was abundant only in the petals;

165 pocotyl, roots, various parts of the flower (sepals, pedicle, style, etc.) and in the stigmatic and a

166 However, like AP2, LIP genes play a role in sepal, petal and ovule development, although some of the

167 HUA2, leads to the production of third whorl sepal-petal-stamens and fourth whorl sepal-carpels.

168 eas overexpression of CsWUS resulted in more sepals, petals and carpels, suggesting that CsCLV3 and C

169 uses and defects in the timely elongation of sepals, petals and stamens, similar to 35S::KNAT1 plants

170 In sepals, petals and stamens, the strongest defects are se

171 om transactivated lines failed to shed their sepals, petals, and anthers during pod expansion and mat

172 expression in the abscission zones where the sepals, petals, and stamens attach to the receptacle, at

173 In Arabidopsis, abscission of floral organs (sepals, petals, and stamens) is controlled by two recept

174 ifferentiation of four distinct organ types (sepals, petals, stamens and carpels), each of which may

175 wers are organized into concentric whorls of sepals, petals, stamens and carpels, with each of these

176 , and cotyledons) and reproductive (pistils, sepals, petals, stamens, and floral buds) organs examine

177 on patterning was regulated by PeMYBs in the sepals/petals and lip.

178 In the sepals/petals, silencing of PeMYB2, PeMYB11, and PeMYB12

179 ssed at moderate levels in leaves, pedicels, sepals, pistils and petals, and at very low levels in ro

180 Sepal primordia had accelerated cell division, cell enla

181 to form variably positioned auxin maxima and sepal primordia.

182 pi-5 flowers, second whorl organs develop as sepals rather than petals, but third whorl stamens are n

183 role in developmental changes that result in sepal ripening.

184 In the Arabidopsis flower bud, four sepals robustly initiate and grow to a constant size to

185 In wild-type sepals, ROS accumulate in maturing cells and limit organ

186 female structures) and secondary (petals and sepals) sexual organs on hermaphrodite species can shed

187 to stress in katanin and spiral2 mutant made sepal shape dependent on trichome number, suggesting tha

188 no significant effect of trichome number on sepal shape in wild-type and lines with trichome number

189 model of the sepal, we predict an impact on sepal shape that is validated experimentally using mutan

190 walls and faster cell growth on the adaxial sepal side, which eventually cause sepals to bend outwar

191 recision, we designed a screen for disrupted sepal size and shape uniformity in Arabidopsis and ident

192 n TF binding elements--CArG-boxes, directing sepal specific expression in Arabidopsis--were accrued i

193 stic alterations, with one additional petal, sepal, stamen, and carpel at each of the four whorls, re

194 d that gene expression was restricted to the sepals, stigmas, anther filaments, and receptacles, reac

195 asured the inner temperature, transpiration, sepal stomatal aperture, hormone concentrations and tran

196 s of sepals with a diminished third whorl of sepals surrounding a fourth whorl of carpels, or three w

197 fourth whorl of carpels, or three whorls of sepals surrounding abnormal carpels.

198 ity, with flowers containing three whorls of sepals surrounding fertile carpels, two whorls of sepals

199 rary to reports on the absence of AGAMOUS in sepals, TAG1 RNA levels in green sepals from greenhouse-

200 he maintenance of organ flatness, taking the sepal, the outermost floral organ, in Arabidopsis as a m

201 ovary, and pollen grains, but low in petals, sepals, the epidermis of anthers, styles, and filaments.

202 egional differential growth at the wild-type sepal tip triggers a mechanical conflict, to which cells

203 However, at the sepal tip, where organ maturation initiates and growth s

204 ulator, channels the growth and shape of the sepal tip.

205 tions and align along maximal tension at the sepal tip.

206 the two compounds is restricted to glandular sepal tips; thus, differential expression analysis of co

207 By contrast, leaf and sepal tissue showed the greatest deviation from this bas

208 GUS expression signals were also evident in sepal tissues of these double-transgenic plants.

209 es in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) sepal to determine how the growth curves of individual c

210 oybean leaf, pod, anther, stigma, ovary, and sepal to WD, HS, and WD + HS conditions.

211 e adaxial sepal side, which eventually cause sepals to bend outward.

212 type, in which homeotic transformations from sepals to carpels are found in flowers derived from old

213 tend to be female-biased and invest more in sepals to insure their own seed set.

214 Interestingly, 35S::MIR172 plants had sepal-to-petal transformations and/or more sepals and pe

215 tissues (pistil tips, developing anthers and sepal vasculature).

216 chanical feedback in our growth model of the sepal, we predict an impact on sepal shape that is valid

217 In vip3 sepals, we measured higher growth heterogeneity between

218 In both bgal10 and bgal10 xyl1, siliques and sepals were shorter, a phenotype that could be explained

219 ifferent flower organs (carpels, petals, and sepals) were profiled for the first time at a spatial re

220 rmed a gradient in the developing leaves and sepals, whereas low or no GUS activity was detected in t

221 Then, we focused on the Arabidopsis sepal, which exhibits a reproducible shape and stereotyp

222 Arabidopsis thaliana sepals, which are the leaf-like organs that enclose flow

223 ing of the cellular variability in wild-type sepals, which is disrupted in the less-variable cells of

224 re observed in siliques, carpels, petals and sepals while stemlike organs (filaments and pedicels) ha

225 ng production of multiple flowers within one sepal whorl, fusion of sepals and petals, and conversion

226 ss, petal length, petal width, sepal length, sepal width, long stamen length, short stamen length, an

227 s surrounding fertile carpels, two whorls of sepals with a diminished third whorl of sepals surroundi

228 e live image and quantify the development of sepals with an increased or decreased number of cell div