ライフサイエンスコーパス: sex worker

1 sell sex (compared with both female and male sex workers).

2 sex workers, and mobile- and internet-based sex workers.

3 for HIV compared with natal male and female sex workers.

4 ficiency virus (HIV) outreach activities for sex workers.

5 rus (HIV)/STI prevention programs for female sex workers.

6 rus (HIV) sexual risk among women working as sex workers.

7 ive cohort analysis that involved 151 Kenyan sex workers.

8 160 (79%) women at the remand centre were sex workers.

9 rvical shedding of HTLV-I DNA among Peruvian sex workers.

10 arce for male, transgender, and indoor-based sex workers.

11 rs and locations were recorded for bars with sex workers.

12 l to prevent new HIV infections among female sex workers.

13 uted to the lower HIV incidence among female sex workers.

14 ation of anti-HIV mechanisms in HIV negative sex workers.

15 ase (RR 2.27, 95% CI 1.94-2.66) among female sex workers.

16 drugs, men who have sex with men, and female sex workers.

17 n and HIV transmission from sex among female sex workers.

18 who inject drugs to 5.0% (4.5-5.9) in female sex workers.

19 particularly for vulnerable populations like sex workers.

20 se that prioritizes the health and safety of sex workers.

21 HIV-positive young mothers, and young female sex workers.

22 essentially pertain to prevalence in female sex workers.

23 d the prevalence of injecting drug use among sex workers.

24 associated with HIV prevalence among female sex workers.

25 rtum clinics and a drop-in centre for female sex workers.

26 post-partum care, and 64 (75%) of 85 female sex workers.

27 in the post-partum care group and two female sex workers.

28 post-partum care, and 53 (83%) of 64 female sex workers.

29 n who have sex with men (MSM) or even female sex workers.

30 empowerment approaches for addressing HIV in sex workers.

31 lications of human rights violations against sex workers.

32 HIV burdens continue to be in African female sex workers.

33 5-1.91) of adult cisgender women were female sex workers, 0.89% (0.77-0.95) were men who have sex wit

34 median 1.4 times more) and clients of female sex workers (1.6 times more) in all but one model.

35 risk populations, 13.2% (7.2-20.7) in female sex workers, 11.3% (9.0-13.7) in infertility clinic atte

36 r for all populations, especially for female sex workers (2.0 times higher).

37 cohorts of Fisherfolk (2012-2014) and Female sex workers (2014-2017).

38 mes higher in HIV-positive female commercial sex workers (36%) than in HIV-negative female non-commer

39 ied lenacapavir coverage by subgroup: female sex workers (40% coverage); male clients of female sex w

40 rkers (40% coverage); male clients of female sex workers (40%); adolescent girls and young women aged

41 Our analysis included data for 6665 female sex workers, 441 (7%) of whom seroconverted.

42 ined was 3471 (95% UI 1295-10 308) in female sex workers, 6416 (3144-14 223) in clients, and 4717 (34

43 ) than in HIV-negative female non-commercial sex workers (9.9%; odds ratio = 3.8, 95% confidence inte

44 In longitudinal studies involving African sex workers, a group presumed to have frequent and ongoi

45 gma and discrimination continue to challenge sex workers' abilities to protect themselves, their fami

46 Female sex workers accounted for a large proportion of new infe

47 rious implementation strategies among female sex workers across nine districts in South Africa.

48 our delivery of evidence-based services for sex workers across sub-Saharan Africa.

49 in those aged 20-24 years), and among female sex workers aged 18-24 years in South Africa (13.20 per

50 The empowerment approach strengthens sex workers' agency and rights in order to build collect

51 ut with a large sub-epidemic in MSM and male sex workers, an optimal prevention portfolio for Nairobi

52 unistic sex work; and urban, self-identified sex workers and bar workers in Uganda.

53 urs, and risk group size estimates of female sex workers and clients.

54 eing heavily affected, in addition to female sex workers and clients.

55 , that of changing risk behaviours in female sex workers and high-risk men who have sex with men to a

56 ne, and vaginal wash samples of HIV-negative sex workers and HIV-status discordant couples.

57 pecimens from 43 (68%) of 63 HTLV-I-infected sex workers and in samples obtained during 113 (52%) of

58 HIV testing for key populations (commercial sex workers and men who have sex with men), but these in

59 ospatial mapping of key populations,-such as sex workers and migrant populations-could help us furthe

60 bi should focus on condom promotion for male sex workers and MSM in particular, followed by improved

61 dom use), the high levels of having sex with sex workers and of men having sex with men (15%-30% and

62 ically important hidden populations, such as sex workers and people who inject illicit drugs.

63 d sexually transmitted infections among male sex workers and reduce the likelihood of these people ac

64 ence in a high-risk cohort of Zambian female sex workers and single mothers conducted from 2016 to 20

65 11 motels were used mainly by sex workers and their clients and eight mainly for non-c

66 Africa have already reduced HIV incidence in sex workers and their clients by more than 70%.

67 urther reduce HIV incidence in South African sex workers and their clients by up to 40% over a 10-yea

68 The incidence of HIV infection among female sex workers and their clients in the Middle East and nor

69 to reproduce HIV prevalence trends in female sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men

70 Higher-risk populations included female sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men

71 , and can help to address the unmet needs of sex workers and their communities in ways that uphold th

72 tion in a prospective cohort study of female sex workers and their intimate (noncommercial) male part

73 ssion through sexual relationships with both sex workers and their other partners.

74 mprove access to services for all genders of sex workers and those new to an area.

75 but not in healthy HIV-positive, commercial sex workers and was weakly associated with hepatitis B a

76 th average risks (i.e., no MSM, no PWIDs, no sex workers) and no entry of HIV+ people from other regi

77 stigmas in increasing HIV risk among female sex workers, and examine the mechanisms by which stigma

78 us HIV-1 epidemic in intravenous drug users, sex workers, and former plasma donors.

79 s, individuals with substance use disorders, sex workers, and imprisoned individuals experience extre

80 s, individuals with substance use disorders, sex workers, and imprisoned individuals.

81 ic key populations (female sex workers, male sex workers, and men who have sex with men [MSM]) and am

82 es, adolescent girls and young women, female sex workers, and men who have sex with men, include the

83 young women and men aged 15-24 years, female sex workers, and men who have sex with men.

84 s informal sex workers, male and transgender sex workers, and mobile- and internet-based sex workers.

85 pulations such as men who have sex with men, sex workers, and people who inject drugs, and migrants f

86 oea control, including returning travellers, sex workers, and PrEP users.

87 the value of rights-based HIV responses for sex workers, and underscore the obligation of states to

88 efficacious; intravaginal rings targeted to sex workers; and vaccines, as these can achieve a large

89 Female sex workers are a population who are at heightened risk

90 Sex workers are at heightened risk due to their occupati

91 China's HIV prevention programs for sex workers are compared with sex worker HIV prevention

92 Sex workers are disproportionately affected by HIV compa

93 ming services dedicated specifically to male sex workers are needed to improve health outcomes for th

94 ith government efforts, and basic rights for sex workers are often violated.

95 ence is slowing, however HIV epidemics among sex workers are stable or increasing in many settings.

96 Key populations, including sex workers, are at high risk of HIV acquisition and tra

97 programs for sex workers, especially female sex workers, are cost-effective in several contexts, inc

98 ged 25 years and older and clients of female sex workers as the largest contributors to HIV transmiss

99 rvational cohort study was done among female sex workers attending a municipal STD clinic in Mombasa,

100 men who did not have sexual relations with a sex worker before 1992.

101 ccounting for the interaction between female sex worker behaviors and larger structures and policies,

102 ical testing were conducted with 7259 female sex workers between 2011-2018 across 10 sub-Saharan Afri

103 was distributed roughly equally among female sex workers, clients, and client spouses.

104 ons in the 12 countries in 2020 among female sex workers, clients, and spouses, which constituted 28.

105 rolled study, 22 clinics dedicated to female sex workers co-located in government health facilities t

106 om 6 untreated women enrolled in the Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort in Nairobi, Kenya.

107 ial mononuclear cells obtained from a female sex worker cohort with high levels of exposure to C. tra

108 that the group of viruses found in the Dakar sex worker cohort, previously referred to as HIV-1 A sub

109 Fs) and examined gag sequences from a Kenyan sex worker cohort.

110 ut such actions can and must be achieved for sex worker communities everywhere.

111 ocal contexts, and be led and implemented by sex worker communities.

112 ratio for the prevalence of HIV among female sex workers compared with that for all women of reproduc

113 ion, health education strategies focusing on sex workers, contact tracing, clinical care and surveill

114 If PrEP for male sex workers cost as much as US$500, average annual spend

115 PrEP for male sex workers could enter an optimal portfolio at similar

116 ing and reducing policing among street-based sex workers could substantially reduce violence, but lar

117 Unprotected sexual contact with a commercial sex worker (CSW) was reported by 39 (77%) of the 51 p24

118 Seventeen HIV-1-seronegative Thai female sex workers (CSWs) with epidemiologic evidence of exposu

119 ere frequency of visits to female commercial sex workers (CSWs), sex with men, and incident sexually

120 ther with complex sexual networks among male sex workers, define this group as a key population under

121 82 (81%) of 101 female sex workers distributed more than one self-test to comme

122 Of 310 HIV-1-seronegative female sex workers enrolled (155 per arm), 303 were included in

123 is evidence that HIV prevention programs for sex workers, especially female sex workers, are cost-eff

124 prevalence or incidence of HIV among female sex workers, even if sex workers were not the main focus

125 Street-based sex workers experience considerable homelessness, drug u

126 who reported having sexual relations with a sex worker fell from 81.4 percent to 63.8 percent (P < 0

127 are, 117 in post-partum care, and 102 female sex workers); follow-up interviews were completed for 26

128 fined phases of the menstrual cycle among 37 sex workers from Nairobi, Kenya.

129 *1101 has been observed in cohorts of female sex workers from Northern Thailand who are highly expose

130 7 European countries on HIV prevalence among sex workers from the European Centre for Disease Control

131 h robust standard errors clustered on female sex worker (FSW) were used to explore social and behavio

132 m 20 HIV-seropositive (HIV(+)) Kenyan female sex workers (FSW) and 20 HIV-seronegative lower risk (HI

133 ge and plasma from 122 HIV-uninfected female sex workers (FSW) and 44 HIV-uninfected low-risk non-FSW

134 en (MSM), injecting drug users (IDU), female sex workers (FSW) and heterosexuals (HET) in coastal Ken

135 Female sex workers (FSW) are affected by individual, network, a

136 Female sex workers (FSW) face high HIV risk of HIV transmission

137 A prospective study of a cohort of female sex workers (FSW) in Dakar, Senegal over an 18-year peri

138 tional cohorts of fisherfolk (FF) and female sex workers (FSW) in Uganda.

139 nd other correlates, we recruited 350 female sex workers (FSW) who were 18 to 50 years old in Nairobi

140 nd-young-women (aged 15-24; AGYW) and female sex workers (FSW), and (ii) availability for everyone ag

141 ansmission in the general population, female sex workers (FSW), and men who have sex with men (MSM).

142 Syphilis prevalence data from female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and

143 d from HIV-seropositive (HIV+) Kenyan female sex workers (FSWs) (n = 20), HIV-seronegative (HIV-) FSW

144 ransmitted infection (STI) risk among female sex workers (FSWs) along the Mexico-US border.

145 In Cameroon, female sex workers (FSWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM) c

146 In China, female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of syphilis infectio

147 Context-specific typologies of female sex workers (FSWs) are essential for the design of HIV i

148 Female sex workers (FSWs) are the group at greatest risk for hu

149 , which offered both interventions to female sex workers (FSWs) at 2 urban clinic sites in South Afri

150 Female sex workers (FSWs) bear a disproportionately large burde

151 ictor of HIV epidemic potential among female sex workers (FSWs) globally.

152 The psychological health of female sex workers (FSWs) has emerged as a major public health

153 20, and sentinel surveillance data of female sex workers (FSWs) in 2016-2020 were analyzed.

154 V risk and violence among a sample of female sex workers (FSWs) in Andhra Pradesh, India, and conside

155 the cost-effectiveness of PrEP among female sex workers (FSWs) in Iran.

156 ogram initiated in 1967 in registered female sex workers (FSWs) in the Philippines involved weekly en

157 rog/mL) increased substantially among female sex workers (FSWs) in the Philippines.

158 (HIV) prevalence and correlates among female sex workers (FSWs) in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, 2 large

159 ompared to the standard of care among female sex workers (FSWs) in Zambia.

160 ve (HIV+) and HIV-seronegative (HIV-) female sex workers (FSWs), and HIV- lower-risk women (LRW).

161 our in high-risk populations, such as female sex workers (FSWs), are lacking.

162 chools and workplaces, and testing of female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), fam

163 g may thus be particularly useful for female sex workers (FSWs), who should test frequently but face

164 Africa (ECSA), but remains high among female sex workers (FSWs).

165 experience of STD infection, and for female sex workers (FSWs; n = 1,083) when they had high self-ef

166 A total of 113 female commercial sex workers had individual alleles for HLA class II gene

167 partum care, and 41 (14%) of 298 from female sex workers had positive results.

168 Harm reduction programs for sex workers have been hampered by the prioritization of

169 Most studies of HIV risk among sex workers have focused on individual-level risk factor

170 2 most common conceptual approaches used in sex worker health programs--abolitionism and empowerment

171 Designing sex worker health research and programs demands a well-s

172 onship between local policy environments and sex worker health.

173 elivery and Scale: Achieving HIV Impact with Sex Workers" highlights major challenges to scaling-up s

174 ituation analyses, and programmatic mapping; sex worker HIV and sexually transmitted infection servic

175 n programs for sex workers are compared with sex worker HIV prevention in other Asian states where mo

176 d domestic financing in many countries; many sex worker HIV prevention programs are inadequately codi

177 V prevention programs, noting the following: sex worker HIV prevention programs are insufficiently gu

178 to ensure consistency and quality; and many sex worker HIV prevention programs have not evolved adeq

179 are needed to increase coverage of effective sex worker HIV prevention programs in low and middle inc

180 The evidence that sex worker HIV prevention programs work must not inspire

181 s" highlights major challenges to scaling-up sex worker HIV prevention programs, noting the following

182 T guidelines and the rollout of the national sex worker HIV programme in South Africa.

183 e timing of the implementation of a national sex worker HIV programme, which could have also affected

184 in the analyses, representing 99,878 female sex workers in 50 countries.

185 Commercial sex workers in Bangkok are reservoirs of oncogenic HPV,

186 We enrolled 1292 HIV-negative female sex workers in Cameroon and enrolled them in a double-bl

187 rking on AIDS prevention and care for female sex workers in China and reviews constraints to their op

188 trachomatis infections in a cohort of female sex workers in Dakar (Senegal) were determined by using

189 Five viruses isolated from commercial sex workers in Dakar, Senegal, were full-length PCR ampl

190 tiretroviral therapy-naive female commercial sex workers in Dakar, Senegal.

191 a virus in a cohort of registered commercial sex workers in Dakar, Senegal.

192 proach, will help to reduce HIV infection in sex workers in different settings worldwide.

193 Endocervical swabs from 1025 female sex workers in Kampala were tested for Mycoplasma genita

194 dentified from a cohort of recently infected sex workers in Kampala, Uganda.

195 ional data collected from 1,814 adult female sex workers in Karnataka, India, between August 2005 and

196 the incidence of unintended pregnancy among sex workers in Kenya compared with an equal-attention co

197 ng service intervention (WHISPER) for female sex workers in Kenya who had the potential to become pre

198 d (Zimbabwe), and also declined among female sex workers in Kenya, but not in the highest-risk commun

199 ual partners were evaluated among 140 female sex workers in Kibera, Kenya, participating in a 6-month

200 Female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries fa

201 f Science, and POPLine for studies of female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries pu

202 he effectiveness of community empowerment in sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries.

203 spective cohort study conducted among female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya between 1993 and 2003 were

204 Female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya, completed a monthly sexua

205 ally transmitted diseases in a population of sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya.

206 nd without cervical neoplasia and commercial sex workers in one brothel and one massage parlor in Ban

207 A prospective study of high-risk commercial sex workers in Senegal has shown that HIV-2 infection ma

208 97, a prospective study of registered female sex workers in Senegal tracked the introduction and spre

209 es in the region with data, and among female sex workers in several countries.

210 ion with clade C HIV-1 in a cohort of female sex workers in South Africa generated antibodies that ne

211 HIV epidemic trends among female sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa are rarely known.

212 frequency of new HIV infections among female sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa is poorly understood.

213 HIV prevention is freely available to female sex workers in the country, but unique barriers challeng

214 y outcome, the combined proportion of female sex workers in the surveyed population at risk of transm

215 -differentiated, peer-led support for female sex workers in Zimbabwe on the risk of HIV acquisition a

216 (for example, men who have sex with men and sex workers), including male circumcision, behavioral in

217 HIV acquisition and transmission among male sex workers, including biological, behavioural, and stru

218 l population suggest a shift toward those of sex workers, including large numbers of sex partners and

219 during the most recent sexual contacts with sex workers increased from 61.0 percent to 92.5 percent

220 =5% HIV prevalence), the estimated impact of sex-worker interventions in the absence of risk compensa

221 h-prevalence epidemics (>5% HIV prevalence), sex-worker interventions were estimated to avert 6.8-40%

222 Male sex workers, irrespective of their sexual orientation, m

223 Protection of sex workers is essential to respect, protect, and meet t

224 who have sex with men, the NGO community for sex workers is fragmented and poorly coordinated with go

225 iscrimination, and violence targeting female sex workers is needed.

226 gh data characterising HIV risk among female sex workers is scarce, the burden of disease is dispropo

227 treatment and prevention services for female sex workers is urgently needed.

228 2) of infections and even modest coverage of sex worker-led outreach could avert 20% (95% UI 8-36) of

229 e not evolved adequately to address informal sex workers, male and transgender sex workers, and mobil

230 smission in specific key populations (female sex workers, male sex workers, and men who have sex with

231 ng kits to key populations, including female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and their partne

232 lation between sex work policy and HIV among sex workers might be partly moderated by the effectivene

233 non-Black African women, transgender women, sex workers, migrant women, women experiencing intimate

234 prophylaxis (PrEP) use among cisgender male sex workers (MSWs), a high-risk subset of cisgender men

235 r female sex workers (n=17) and street-based sex workers (n=11).

236 ost reported findings exclusively for female sex workers (n=17) and street-based sex workers (n=11).

237 e evidence base for community empowerment in sex workers needs to be strengthened and diversified, in

238 years were unprotected sex with a commercial sex worker (odds ratio [OR], 8.24; 95% CI, 3.51-19.35),

239 Sex work occurs in many forms and sex workers of all genders have been affected by HIV epi

240 r risk of infection, and to high-risk female sex workers only, are $65 160 (95% credible interval [Cr

241 f the legal and policy environments in which sex workers operate and actions to address the important

242 men and women in other risk groups (such as sex workers or those with recent sexually transmitted in

243 gay men and other men who have sex with men, sex workers, people who use drugs, and transgender perso

244 Estimated incidence rates among female sex workers per 1000 person-years ranged from 0.4 (95% U

245 sampling (RDS) survey was done in the female sex worker population around each clinic, which measured

246 shifts in the characteristics of the female sex worker population.

247 lop interventions for a greater diversity of sex worker populations and for wider health and social n

248 Many sex worker populations face high morbidity and mortality

249 infections in South Africa are among female sex workers; pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV pre

250 The maximum cost for a sex worker programme to be cost-effective was calculated

251 Conversely, comparing a high-intensity sex worker programme until 2030 with discontinuation of

252 Compared with continuing a low-intensity sex worker programme until 2030, discontinuation of the

253 A sex worker programme, even with low-level interventions,

254 Sex worker programmes have the potential to considerably

255 , and in May 2024 (n = 48) from professional sex workers (PSW) and visitors of 25 bars with reports o

256 f HIV criminal prosecutions show that women, sex workers, racial minorities, gay and bisexual men, tr

257 on averted when providing PrEP to all female sex workers regardless of their risk of infection, and t

258 New infections among female sex workers remain challenging to measure, but longitudi

259 Female sex workers remain disproportionately affected by HIV.

260 ng mothers living with HIV, and young female sex workers residing in eastern and southern Africa.

261 recommendations: (i) HIV programs focused on sex workers should be prioritized, developed, and implem

262 s that effective HIV prevention packages for sex workers should include combinations of biomedical, b

263 Worldwide, sex workers still face reduced access to needed HIV prev

264 was 22 years, 51.9% were female and 29% were sex workers, suggesting a potential role for sexual tran

265 1973 (46.2%) of the 4268 female sex workers surveyed were living with HIV; of these, 863

266 Sex workers (SWs) and their clients are often identified

267 -based response to HIV is a process by which sex workers take collective ownership of programmes to a

268 ave significantly lower HIV prevalence among sex workers than countries that criminalise all aspects

269 ce of oncogenic HPV was higher in commercial sex workers than in women attending gynecologic and fami

270 ause of the high seroprevalence of HIV among sex workers, the Ministry of Public Health began a progr

271 lthough data from two countries include male sex workers, the numbers are so small that the findings

272 be less than $3.27 million for PrEP for male sex workers to be excluded from an optimal portfolio.

273 sufficient effect on behaviour among female sex workers to change pregnancy incidence when used in i

274 ental organization (NGO) actors working with sex workers to prevent HIV infection.

275 e aspects of sex work could reduce HIV among sex workers to the greatest extent in countries where en

276 calibrated using data from a cohort study of sex workers, to the baseline percentage homeless (64%),

277 tions were men who have sex with men, female sex workers, transgender women, and people who inject dr

278 gender women and show that transgender women sex workers (TSW) face unique structural, interpersonal,

279 rogrammatic planning among transgender women sex workers (TWSW) in Lima.

280 Ectocervical tissue samples from Kenyan sex workers using DMPA, or non-hormonal contraceptives,

281 stly offer sex to men and rarely identify as sex workers, using local or international terms instead.

282 iminal justice system, people who use drugs, sex workers, vulnerable migrants, victims of modern slav

283 e median 1-month PrEP persistence for female sex workers was 33% (IQR 27-40).

284 30.7% (95% CI 30.2-31.3; 8627 of 28,075) of sex workers were HIV-positive and the odds ratio for inf

285 ive studies reporting disaggregated data for sex workers were included and no comparators were specif

286 nce of HIV among female sex workers, even if sex workers were not the main focus of the study, were i

287 ent-based approaches to addressing HIV among sex workers were significantly associated with reduction

288 ly active, monogamous, not pregnant, and not sex workers, were eligible for inclusion if they were li

289 (beta=-1.86; p=0.038) and the proportion of sex workers who are injecting drug users (-1.93; p=0.026

290 One hundred sixty-one commercial sex workers who became infected with HIV-1 were followed

291 use creates substantial exposure for female sex workers who inject drugs, estimated incidence rates

292 Male sex workers who sell or exchange sex for money or goods

293 hea, or chlamydia infection in this group of sex workers who used condoms and received treatment for

294 Sex workers who were new to working in an area faced gre

295 To address HIV in sex workers will need sustained community engagement and

296 e mucosal immune environment and HIV risk in sex workers with a natural menstrual cycle.

297 tion as a key approach for addressing HIV in sex workers, with its focus on addressing the broad cont

298 or increasing burden of HIV among some male sex workers within the context of the slowing global HIV

299 g key populations of women, including female sex workers, women who use drugs, and transgender women,

300 s included; however, PrEP for MSM and female sex workers would be included only at much higher budget