ライフサイエンスコーパス: sex-determining

1 Models relating sex-determining allele diversity and the mating system t

2 llustrate the almost identical expression of sex-determining alleles in terms of sexual phenotypes ac

3 ions with N3 less than 100 should have fewer sex-determining alleles than we found, but high diversit

4 Thus, when females share sex-determining alleles with their mates and produce low

5 on genotypes of a 'sex locus' with numerous sex-determining alleles.

6 stimated that the population harboured 10-16 sex-determining alleles.

7 ed loads in populations with fewer than five sex-determining alleles.

8 ermination system (UV system) recovering the sex determining and pseudoautosomal regions, and then to

9 pose that pairs of genes constitute both the sex determining and the hereditary unit of A.

10 omes, we observed a variable boundary at the sex-determining and pseudoautosomal regions as well as g

11 osomes that acquire controlling genes in the sex-determining cascade.

12 ad DNA sequencing and Hi-C, we assembled the sex-determining chromosome 4 de novo.

13 esents one or both maternal species, (2) the sex-determining chromosome of the hybrid reflects the lo

14 rmaphrodites), F. virginiana--share the same sex-determining chromosome.

15 tution rates are biased in favor of dominant sex determining chromosomes, which fix with higher proba

16 In the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the sex-determining chromosomes are homomorphic.

17 In females the primary sex-determining decision is not final: loss of the FOXL2

18 neage in an embryonic gonad communicates the sex-determining decision to various sexually dimorphic c

19 lls may facilitate the communication of male sex-determining decisions to the germ cells during embry

20 erimental NMR data for a complex of the male sex determining factor SRY with a duplex DNA 14mer, whic

21 s between SRY, the Y chromosome encoded male sex determining factor, and the androgen receptor (AR).

22 anscription factors related to the mammalian sex determining factor, SRY.

23 The mammalian sex-determining factor SRY comprises a conserved high-mo

24 The HMG-box domain of the human male sex-determining factor SRY, hSRY(HMG) (comprising residu

25 al and functional similarities with the male sex-determining factor SRY, is highly enriched at the sw

26 ease susceptibility genes as targets for the sex-determining factor SRY, suggesting that this Y-encod

27 is expected to maintain genetic diversity of sex determining factors associated with gynodioecy, that

28 an autosome, and the maintenance of multiple sex-determining factors in species that lack heteromorph

29 Broadly conserved among metazoan sex-determining factors, the DM domain contains a noncla

30 gly associated with pleiotropically dominant sex-determining factors, which may help to explain biase

31 pf is under dual regulation by circadian and sex-determining factors.

32 ndreds of millions of years ago, acquiring a sex-determining function and undergoing a series of inve

33 its key target gene SRY-box 9 (Sox9) and its sex-determining function in vivo.

34 e aggressive behavior independent of another sex determining gene, doublesex (dsx), although dsx is i

35 embryo in response to the expression of the sex determining gene, Sry, in Sertoli cell precursors.

36 n morphological event downstream of the male sex determining gene, Sry, is the induction of prolifera

37 es on the recent origin and a candidate male sex determining gene.

38 ome, which initiates from the putative avian sex-determining gene DMRT1 and ends at the pseudoautosom

39 The role played by the sex-determining gene doublesex (dsx) and its influence o

40 st intron of Fem1c, a gene homologous to the sex-determining gene fem-1 of Caenorhabditis elegans.

41 abditis elegans hermaphrodite germ line, the sex-determining gene fem-3 is repressed posttranscriptio

42 is has also happened in honeybees, where the sex-determining gene has now been shown to be a duplicat

43 tagonistic loci that are tightly linked to a sex-determining gene have a vastly stronger influence on

44 uences of alleles of the honey bee's primary sex-determining gene have extremely high diversity, with

45 The sex-determining gene her-1 is required for male developm

46 C-2 associates with the promoter of the male sex-determining gene her-1 to repress its transcription.

47 ing a transgene activation system, the human sex-determining gene hSRY is activated in the single-cel

48 ether the expression of SOX9, a central male sex-determining gene in mammals, or three other conserve

49 strate that Dmrt1 is a candidate master male sex-determining gene in this TSD species, consistent wit

50 indifferent until the transient action of a sex-determining gene initiates gonadal differentiation.

51 In Caenorhabditis elegans, the tra-2 sex-determining gene is regulated at the translational l

52 The fem-3 sex-determining gene is repressed post-transcriptionally

53 stic selection can cause the spread of a new sex-determining gene linked to it.

54 In some taxa the master sex-determining gene moves frequently between chromosome

55 he initial expression of the female-specific sex-determining gene Sex-lethal in the blastoderm embryo

56 as a monomer to the regulatory region of the sex-determining gene SF1.

57 The sex-determining gene SRY has undergone rapid evolution i

58 ning loci, the transposition of an ancestral sex-determining gene to an autosome, and the maintenance

59 se results significantly narrow the putative sex-determining gene to the very terminal region of the

60 The C. elegans sex-determining gene tra-2 is subject to multiple forms

61 The Caenorhabditis elegans sex-determining gene tra-2 promotes female development a

62 present in the 3' untranslated region of the sex-determining gene tra-2.

63 inized by a loss-of-function mutation in the sex-determining gene tra-3 results in masculinization of

64 oogenesis relies on regulation of the fem-3 sex-determining gene via a regulatory element in the fem

65 Here, the locus for an autosomal sex-determining gene was mapped via linkage analysis in

66 Thus, WNT-4, a novel sex-determining gene, and DAX1 play a concerted role in

67 ene may be the ancestral precursor of Sry, a sex-determining gene, and Sox3 has been proposed to play

68 tis and are thought to express Sry, the male sex-determining gene, and to play a crucial role in dire

69 Furthermore, X. laevis' sex-determining gene, DM-W, does not exist in X. tropica

70 mbination, which surrounds the male-specific sex-determining gene, remains very small, despite ancien

71 x determination system controlled by a major sex-determining gene, sdY.

72 stis development just downstream of the male sex-determining gene, Sry: (1) for the proliferation of

73 In addition, the sex-determining gene, tra-3, appears to promote female d

74 edaka, a duplicate of dmrt1-acting as master sex-determining gene-has a tightly timely and spatially

75 wn to be a duplicate of another Hymenopteran sex-determining gene.

76 ement in the fem-3 3'UTR and repressing this sex-determining gene.

77 ) gene on the Y chromosome as candidate male sex-determining gene.

78 tal proof that Sry was the elusive mammalian sex-determining gene.

79 on from hermaphroditism to monoecy, multiple sex determining genes are involved, including male-steri

80 tterns of expression of maternal and zygotic sex determining genes expected to result from conflict o

81 n for the observed preponderance of dominant sex determining genes, and hint that drift-induced selec

82 nal class specified by one of the Drosophila sex determining genes, fruitless (fru), belongs to the n

83 ution of new regulatory interactions between sex-determining genes and genes that control spatial pat

84 tic interactions among FEM1, NOT1, and other sex-determining genes are described.

85 e upregulation of Sox9 in cases where female sex-determining genes are disrupted.

86 orphic sex chromosomes and rapid turnover of sex-determining genes can complicate establishing the se

87 Homeotic and sex-determining genes control a wide range of morphologi

88 Sex-determining genes frequently exhibit sexually dimorp

89 sperm families, the actual identification of sex-determining genes has been elusive, and their regula

90 Sex-determining genes have been identified in flies, wor

91 the maximum possible time during which their sex-determining genes have existed must be much shorter

92 ggests the possible continued involvement of sex-determining genes in maintaining ovarian function th

93 dmrt1, which is one of the most widely used sex-determining genes in metazoans.

94 ermine whether interactions between multiple sex-determining genes might be partly responsible for th

95 onal genomic analysis of sex chromosomes and sex-determining genes of other blow flies will allow a r

96 Deciphering how individual sex-determining genes orchestrate sex determination can

97 The tra-1 and tra-2 sex-determining genes promote female fates in Caenorhabd

98 Our results uncover how sex-determining genes specify execution capability and f

99 animal lineages are inevitably controlled by sex-determining genes, but the genetic basis of sexually

100 ere, we found that one of the two Drosophila sex-determining genes, doublesex (dsx), specifies a male

101 in both species that are believed to contain sex-determining genes, i.e. the male-specific Y (MSY) re

102 discovery of many of the now-known mammalian sex-determining genes, including SRY, RSPO1, SOX9, NR5A1

103 es with the predicted activity of one of the sex-determining genes, TRANSFORMER5 (TRA5).

104 recombination in the SDR and share candidate sex-determining genes, whereas in Tetrastigma, the regio

105 n animals and fungi is regulated by specific sex-determining genes.

106 or are therefore likely under the control of sex-determining genes.

107 been produced of a plant chromosome carrying sex-determining genes.

108 f the AFLP markers and to locate the mutated sex-determining genes.

109 he group with the highest diversity of known sex-determining genes.

110 ve linkage of sexually antagonistic genes to sex-determining genes.

111 genetic programme that involves most of the sex-determining genes.

112 ward females are specified through separable sex-determining genetic pathways remains uncharacterized

113 hallmark NPC proteins (nestin, doublecortin, sex-determining homeobox 2, and glial fibrillary acidic

114 omosome elimination is used to establish the sex-determining karyotypes.

115 between maternally and zygotically expressed sex determining loci and that these may play a role in s

116 Different sex-determining loci (linkage group 1, 20 and 23) have b

117 Thus, sex-determining loci affect the evolution of both sex-re

118 tive genetic mapping, this has revealed that sex-determining loci and sex-linked regions evolved inde

119 e latifolia and refined the locations of the sex-determining loci on its Y chromosome map.

120 Evidence of recombination between the sex-determining loci, an important hallmark of incipient

121 mechanism can account for the origin of new sex-determining loci, the transposition of an ancestral

122 fied that sex determination is linked to the sex determining locus (sdY) of salmonids.

123 leads to the evolution of a dominant zygotic sex determining locus.

124 ping were performed to localize an amphibian sex-determining locus (ambysex) in the tiger salamander

125 is predicted from the loss of alleles at the sex-determining locus and consequent skewing of operatio

126 hought to be favoured by linkage between the sex-determining locus and sexually antagonistic loci, an

127 duals that are diploid and heterozygous at a sex-determining locus are female, and individuals that a

128 molecular markers most tightly linked to the sex-determining locus in the two octoploid species shows

129 age maps for a diversity of species, and the sex-determining locus is often among the first to be map

130 on of suppressed recombination surrounds the sex-determining locus of the self-fertile fungus Neurosp

131 The sex-determining locus segregated to a distal position on

132 ad lower functional genetic diversity at the sex-determining locus than native species.

133 mbination suppressed domain expands from the sex-determining locus to the entire Y chromosome remains

134 recessive allele (female-determining) of the sex-determining locus, and a separate insertion is homoz

135 ons, novel microRNAs and piRNA clusters, the sex-determining locus, and new immunity genes, and enabl

136 ern hybridization data suggest that the male sex-determining locus, Sry, is often duplicated in roden

137 osatellite loci were closely linked with the sex-determining locus.

138 mined by heterozygosity at the complementary sex-determining locus.

139 tive situations created by the presence of a sex-determining locus.

140 , including chromosome 12, which carries the sex-determining locus.

141 to an autosome or an autosome acquires a new sex-determining locus/allele.

142 e sex, and suppressed recombination around a sex-determining master switch.

143 y relationship in 94 amniote species between sex-determining mechanism and whether a species bears li

144 ale and the other female) to investigate the sex-determining mechanism in birds.

145 The sex-determining mechanism in the GIFT stock was unknown,

146 We use that relationship to predict the sex-determining mechanism in three independent lineages

147 g in viviparous eutherian mammals requires a sex-determining mechanism resistant to maternal hormones

148 important for the study of the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms and for evaluating the effect

149 Sex-determining mechanisms are highly variable between p

150 ecular analyses have hitherto indicated that sex-determining mechanisms differ completely between phy

151 o major adaptive radiations, in part because sex-determining mechanisms do not fossilize.

152 ns and are implicated in transitions between sex-determining mechanisms during vertebrate evolution [

153 lvocine green algae, where sexual cycles and sex-determining mechanisms have shed light on the transi

154 to multiple evolutionary transitions between sex-determining mechanisms in vertebrates.

155 the origination and evolution of the diverse sex-determining mechanisms observed within Diptera.

156 t should be considered in genetic studies of sex-determining mechanisms.

157 ion and behaviour across taxa with divergent sex-determining mechanisms.

158 rved gene suggests a potential role for this sex-determining molecule in humans.

159 eractions among new and previously described sex-determining mutants have been characterized.

160 The observation that some gametophytic sex-determining mutants have phenotypic effects on the s

161 In order to identify additional sex-determining or gonadal differentiation genes we have

162 was used to expand the genetic model of the sex-determining pathway in Ceratopteris.

163 The mammalian sex-determining pathway is controlled by the presence or

164 Y and SOX9, both shown to be involved in the sex-determining pathway.

165 , which recognizes multiple parallel primary sex-determining pathways initiated by genes or factors e

166 DM motif), broadly conserved among metazoan sex-determining pathways.

167 ty that yolk sex steroids may be part of the sex-determining process in birds.

168 The male sex-determining process is set in motion by the sex-dete

169 The C. elegans male sex-determining protein, FEM-1, has been identified as a

170 nas fertilization, including expression of a sex-determining protein, phosphorylation of a homeodomai

171 merase chain reaction (PCR) of male-specific sex determining region (SRY) sequences.

172 enome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the sex determining region and 21 fruit traits.

173 evelopmentally important family of SOX (SRY (sex determining region on the Y chromosome)-related high

174 an testis determination is initiated by SRY (sex determining region on Y chromosome).

175 assessed using real-time PCR assays for the sex determining region Y (SRY) and testes specific prote

176 the downregulation of the pluripotency genes sex determining region Y box 2 (Sox2) and Bmi1.

177 was mapped to a locus on chromosome 3, where Sex determining region Y box 2 (Sox2) was identified as

178 l as for endoderm transcription factors SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 17 and pancreatic and duod

179 tion transplantation assays to identify SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2) as cancer stem-ce

180 ain insight into mechanisms controlling SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2) protein activity

181 n of progenitor cell factors (including SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 [Sox2]).

182 e exosomal transcription factor protein SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 30 activated naive T cells

183 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9) is required for o

184 in (Alb), Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pc), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (Sox9), hepatic nuclear

185 eage-labeled; positive for osteopontin, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9, and epithelial cell adh

186 er transcription factor of cartilage, Sox9 [(sex determining region Y)-box 9].

187 SOX9 [(sex determining region Y)-box9] gene has been implicated

188 A higher percentage of sex determining region Y-box (SOX)9(+) and cytokeratin 1

189 tified enhancers regulated by the Sox10 (SRY sex determining region Y-box 10) and Egr2/Krox20 (Early

190 Sex determining region Y-box 11 (SOX11) expression is sp

191 Since 2005, sex determining region y-box 2 (SOX2) has drawn the atte

192 ticle, we show that the transcription factor sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2) is expressed in ac

193 The transcription factor sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is required for th

194 wild-type bone marrow progenitors with a SRY sex determining region Y-box 4 (Sox4)-expressing retrovi

195 t selection in multiple lines, such as SOX6 (Sex Determining Region Y-Box 6) and cTR (Thyroid hormone

196 expression of the transcription factor SOX9 (sex determining region Y-box 9) in late embryonic and ne

197 down-regulation of both HNF-1beta and Sox9 (sex determining region Y-related HMG box transcription f

198 result from the incompatibility of the Sry (sex determining region, Y chromosome) allele carried on

199 The Sry (sex determining region, Y chromosome) open reading frame

200 x chromosomes is typically suppressed at the sex-determining region (SDR) and proportionally elevated

201 ing linkage mapping, polyploid phylogeny and sex-determining region (SDR) in a unified framework, we

202 we study the structure and evolution of the sex-determining region (SDR) in Vitis species.

203 ing-over events close to the boundary of the sex-determining region (SDR), and to trace the inheritan

204 growth hormone pseudogene known to be in the sex-determining region (SEX) in 374 progeny from eight e

205 Recombination suppression in the sex-determining region and accumulation of deleterious m

206 ser linkage has recently evolved between the sex-determining region and several genes that are partia

207 n haploid selected loci become linked to the sex-determining region because the zygotic sex ratio is

208 ternally, but the chromosome that houses the sex-determining region differs.

209 e Wolbachia insert is now acting as a female sex-determining region in pillbugs, and that the chromos

210 Both sexual homomorphism and the small sex-determining region occur against a background of str

211 In this study, we identify the sex-determining region of Ginkgo and locate it to the ar

212 We find that the male sex-determining region of Ginkgo contains more than 200

213 We also find both genes in the sex-determining region of P. simonii, a different poplar

214 assay was developed for the detection of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) in peri

215 -determining process is set in motion by the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (Sry), which

216 on of many sex-related genes, including Sry (sex-determining region of the Y chromosome) and Sox9 (Sr

217 tectural transcription factor encoded by the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome, initiates te

218 lly, we observe variation in the size of one sex-determining region that suggests independent evoluti

219 Sex-determining region Y (SRY) box 2 (SOX2) haploinsuffi

220 ous work implicated the transcription factor sex-determining region Y (SRY) box transcription factor

221 enes, without affecting synergistic SF-1 and sex-determining region Y (SRY) coactivation of the testi

222 ted by a transcription factor encoded by the sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene located on the Y chr

223 Sex-determining region Y (Sry) is the crucial gene that

224 In XY gonads, sex-determining region Y (SRY) triggers fibroblast growt

225 function, resulted in an ~2-fold increase in sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 (Sox9) mRNA, and pr

226 SOX9 [sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 protein], a high mo

227 nt maps approximately 932 kb upstream of the sex-determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility gro

228 a novel function for the pluripotency factor sex-determining region Y (SRY)-related HMG box 2 (SOX2)

229 ual cycle genes contain chromatin-accessible sex-determining region Y box (SOX) binding sites, that S

230 a1 also binds to regulatory regions of Sox2 (sex-determining region Y box 2), Esrrb (estrogen-related

231 cruitment of YAP and TAZ to the promoters of sex-determining region Y box 9 and bone gamma-carboxyglu

232 ntained by Steroidogenic Factor 1 (SF-1) and Sex-Determining Region Y Box-9 (SOX9), which ensure that

233 ar characterization identified an early SRY (sex-determining region Y) box (Sox)9(low) cluster of dif

234 research has shown that PRKG2 regulates SRY (sex-determining region Y) box 9 (SOX9)-mediated transcri

235 ans mating type gene matA and the human SRY (Sex-Determining Region Y) encode proteins containing a s

236 We inactivated the Sry (sex-determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2) gene in the devel

237 SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9) is a transcriptio

238 or 2 (Runx2), vitamin D receptor (Vdr), SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 9 protein, and Nfkb1 in C3

239 of MM cells in a protein kinase B- and SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box-dependent manner.

240 lmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), sex-determining region Y-box 10, vimentin proteins, and

241 locus encoding the core pluripotency factor sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) in ESCs, and this

242 We have shown that amplification of sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is an early and co

243 enes normally found in immature SCs, such as sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), is increased in D

244 octamer-binding transcription factor 4, and sex-determining region Y-box 2 levels were increased in

245 nts impairment of neurogenesis by increasing sex-determining region Y-box 2, nestin, and also enhance

246 important transcription factors such as the sex-determining region Y-box 4 (SOX4), homeobox C6, enha

247 ry factor (USF), estrogen receptor (ER), and sex-determining region Y-box 5 (SOX5).

248 24.4-megabase distance and in trans with the sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) gene on chromosome

249 Previously, we have demonstrated that Sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) is ectopically exp

250 one morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and BMP6; sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9); integrin, alpha 6

251 with or without reducing the gene dosage of sex-determining region Y-box 9 in the liver.

252 ve and pluripotent (homeobox protein Nanog+/ sex-determining region Y-box 9+) to a mature (cystic fib

253 e epithelial progenitor and stem cell marker sex-determining region Y-related box 2 (sox2) was tooth-

254 n to the multiple mutations found within the sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility group box

255 IT1 expression in the hippocampus, including sex-determining region Y-related HMG box 2 (Sox2), a wel

256 and aggrecan, in part via activation of the sex-determining region Y-type high mobility group box (S

257 Sox17 (SRY [sex-determining region Y]-box 17) constitutes a major do

258 The transcription factor SRY (sex-determining region)-box 2 (SOX2) is an important fun

259 Combined with a small sex-determining region, we infer that sexual conflict ma

260 Using rat sex-determining region-Y-specific oligonucleotide primer

261 d markedly reduced recombination in the male sex-determining region.

262 can occur rapidly following acquisition of a sex-determining region.

263 ter species M. huetii, which shares the same sex-determining region.

264 ions between male blue nuptial color and two sex determining regions (an XY and ZW locus).

265 A number of such sex-determining regions (SDRs) have been studied in anim

266 and physical mapping of plant nonrecombining sex-determining regions [5-8], it remains very difficult

267 oci open up the potential to investigate how sex-determining regions co-evolve with major changes in

268 I review sex-determining regions in non-model plant species, whic

269 lar (Populus) describing one of the smallest sex-determining regions known thus far in complex eukary

270 sociation with gld-1, and that their precise sex-determining roles depend on the species-specific con

271 formatic and genetic mapping to identify the sex-determining (sex) region in Phycomyces blakesleeanus

272 The primary sex-determining signal in the haplodiploid wasp Nasonia

273 exual selection acting on the discriminatory sex-determining signal.

274 es in addition to antheridiogen, the primary sex-determining signal.

275 In insects, rapidly evolving primary sex-determining signals are transduced by a conserved re

276 Furthermore, primary sex-determining signals differ among haplodiploid specie

277 Yet this diversity in primary sex-determining signals is coupled with conserved molecu

278 In vertebrates, the primary sex-determining signals that initiate sexual development

279 However, the molecular nature of the sex-determining signals that pass from the supporting ce

280 Only placental male mammals evolved the sex determining SRY, which activates Sox9 for testes for

281 le consensus binding motifs for Sox factors (sex-determining Sry-like high mobility group box-contain

282 y primary sex reversal does not occur at the sex-determining stage, but instead occurs near birth in

283 complete sex reversal in such mutants at the sex-determining stage.

284 Here, we studied the sex-determining switch of 14 natural sequence variants o

285 n the family, a male heterogametic (XY male) sex determining system evolves, whereas when females mor

286 Two models for the evolution of the sex-determining system are presented.

287 sence of unpaired chromosomes and an unknown sex-determining system especially has defied attempts at

288 nto another one, and over-rides its previous sex-determining system.

289 A-encoded genes can deeply influence bivalve sex determining systems and the evolution of the mitogen

290 may play a role in shaping the evolution of sex determining systems.

291 a role in the early evolution of chromosomal sex determining systems.

292 iew several questions about the evolution of sex-determining systems and sex chromosomes that require

293 possible role for, and effect of, polygenic sex-determining systems in rapid evolutionary diversific

294 Sex-determining systems may evolve rapidly and contribut

295 at they are both stable components of poplar sex-determining systems.

296 arly maturation in culture and their complex sex-determining systems.

297 in (M12/mac25) indicated upregulation of the sex determining transcription factor SOX9.

298 m cells are required only during the primary sex-determining window, or if they are required througho

299 nsgene is tested against weak alleles of the sex-determining Y-chromosome gene Sry.

300 hIFN-kappa) near the type I IFN locus on the sex-determining Z chromosome.