ライフサイエンスコーパス: signaling molecule

1 yl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as one type of signaling molecule.

2 ownstream CRISPR effectors that rely on this signaling molecule.

3 ngosine is an essential structural lipid and signaling molecule.

4 n-regulate production of its own, orthogonal signaling molecule.

5 l the bacteria capable of responding to this signaling molecule.

6 e most significantly activated intracellular signaling molecule.

7 lay a positive role in recruiting downstream signaling molecules.

8 alytic activity, pseudokinases are essential signaling molecules.

9 es (ROS), different plant hormones and other signaling molecules.

10 , utilizing different molecular pathways and signaling molecules.

11 a the expression of transcription factors or signaling molecules.

12 tions mediated by Tgf-beta, Wnt, Fgf, and Hh signaling molecules.

13 trol by acetylcholine, monoamines, and other signaling molecules.

14 n addition, some subunits act as independent signaling molecules.

15 irectly or directly regulates these critical signaling molecules.

16 nalize various nutrients, growth factors and signaling molecules.

17 scription factors, epigenetic regulators and signaling molecules.

18 neurons by visible-light photoactivation of signaling molecules.

19 abundance of such proteins, metabolites, and signaling molecules.

20 ranes and a precursor for hormones and other signaling molecules.

21 h may buffer against stochastic variation in signaling molecules.

22 ntial transcription of synaptic proteins and signaling molecules.

23 for various transmembrane and intracellular signaling molecules.

24 erizing into adhesive complexes that recruit signaling molecules.

25 hosphates (Np(4)Ns) are generally considered signaling molecules.

26 membrane components and important eukaryotic signaling molecules.

27 eactive oxygen species, essential biological signaling molecules.

28 gh the production, release, and detection of signaling molecules.

29 ng the availabilities of important paracrine signaling molecules.

30 are finely tuned by intrinsic and extrinsic signaling molecules.

31 ls of ROS are now known to be essential cell signaling molecules.

32 cytes (IHH) and activation of its downstream signaling molecules.

33 s, the dual-GEF Trio, and other adaptors and signaling molecules.

34 ated by balancing the activities of specific signaling molecules.

35 ibonucleoprotein complexes or degrade immune signaling molecules.

36 ctivates promoters of EGFR, c-MET, and their signaling molecules.

37 r two structurally and biochemically similar signaling molecules.

38 increasingly appreciated for their roles as signaling molecules.

39 ents of nutrients, metabolites, and specific signaling molecules.

40 stic cytoskeleton remodeling, in response to signaling molecules.

41 matin remodeling, transcription factors, and signaling molecules.

42 cells, innate gammadelta T cells, and other signaling molecules.

43 mption (in the cytosol), and PAP (the stress signaling molecule 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate) deg

44 -body dynamics by the inositol pyrophosphate signaling molecule 5-InsP(7) (5-diphosphoinositol pentak

45 that the essential role of the core guidance signaling molecule, Abelson (Abl) tyrosine kinase, is to

46 es an enzyme critical for degradation of the signaling molecule acetyl phosphate, while the downstrea

47 Signaling molecules activate distinct patterns of gene e

48 BCAAs and various catabolic products act as signaling molecules, activating programs ranging from pr

49 etic regulator, WHSC1, and key intracellular signaling molecules, AKT, RICTOR, and Rac1, to drive PCa

50 wth factor receptor 1 (EGFR) is the dominant signaling molecule among all members of the family.

51 a phospholipid that acts as an extracellular signaling molecule and activates the family of lysophosp

52 to l-citrulline and nitric oxide (NO), a key signaling molecule and cytotoxic agent in mammals.

53 en a stochastic model for the segregation of signaling molecules and a simplified mechanical model fo

54 identified class of mitochondrial retrograde signaling molecules and are reported to be potent apopto

55 urons that express diverse constellations of signaling molecules and can be distinguished by their an

56 ) is a vital liquid, providing nutrients and signaling molecules and clearing out toxic by-products f

57 ls reveal a consistent role for inflammatory signaling molecules and immune cells in the healthy male

58 d polysulfides, have recently emerged as key signaling molecules and important physiological mediator

59 e of oxidized fatty acids (oxFA) as cellular signaling molecules and in the pathogenesis of disease,

60 lls through integrated targeting of multiple signaling molecules and pathways.

61 dent Slo1 gating may explain how amphipathic signaling molecules and pharmacologically active agents

62 Although many studies focus on signaling molecules and phosphoinositides involved in in

63 ely ubiquitous, their endocrine functions as signaling molecules and roles in disease pathogenesis ha

64 ay enhance the availability of nutrients and signaling molecules and serve as a "bet hedging" strateg

65 Lowey and Kranzusch highlight this family of signaling molecules and some of the many processes in wh

66 n emerging theme is the role of inflammatory signaling molecules and the innate immune system in dire

67 ble reporter systems sensitive to endogenous signaling molecules and transcription factors that chara

68 requires interactions between extracellular signaling molecules and transmembrane receptors, but how

69 ubation times of the recognition elements or signaling molecules and volume of the patient samples.

70 hosphatidic acid (LPA) is an endogenous cell signaling molecule, and dysregulation of LPA signaling p

71 Abscisic acid (ABA) is a drought stress signaling molecule, and simple methods for detecting its

72 orters mediate cellular uptake of nutrients, signaling molecules, and drugs.

73 ng blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts, signaling molecules, and extracellular matrix and has a

74 ane can produce micron-scale organization of signaling molecules, and how the resulting clusters can

75 ractions, providing exchange of metabolites, signaling molecules, and ionic currents.

76 al roles serving as energy sources, cellular signaling molecules, and key architectural components of

77 between the cytoskeleton, molecular motors, signaling molecules, and membranes.

78 l imaging and quantification of metabolites, signaling molecules, and other synthetic compounds.

79 enabled analysis of SC regulation by various signaling molecules, and supported the stimulatory and i

80 yperinnervation, enhanced expression of itch signaling molecules, and upregulation of inflammatory cy

81 They synthesize natural products as signaling molecules, antibiotics, or modulators of cellu

82 r inter-organ communication via metabolites, signaling molecules, antioxidants, gut microbiome produc

83 transcription factors, homing receptors, and signaling molecules appear to play integral roles in pro

84 ellular levels and stability of intermediate signaling molecules are a crucial hijacking point for a

85 Our work suggests that homeostatic signaling molecules are likely to be differentially expr

86 alized to the chloroplasts where many stress signaling molecules are made.

87 n olfactory classical conditioning, and cAMP signaling molecules are necessary and sufficient for nor

88 the cellular proteins including intermediate signaling molecules are principally regulated by proteas

89 n meristems, genetic networks, hormones, and signaling molecules are tightly integrated to establish

90 es and excess amounts of the recognition and signaling molecules are used.

91 llular communication by shuttling functional signaling molecules as cargo.

92 ucer-2 (AI-2) is unique among quorum-sensing signaling molecules, as it is produced and recognized by

93 Finally, anionic lipids also act as signaling molecules, as they are rapidly produced or int

94 Proteases, inflammatory signaling molecules, as well as proteins involved with c

95 Ceramide, a bioactive lipid and signaling molecule associated with cardiovascular diseas

96 es include DNA damage sensors (MLH1), damage signaling molecules (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated; atax

97 l embryo is damaged, or when response to the signaling molecule auxin is locally blocked.

98 the passage of ions, small metabolites, and signaling molecules between cells.

99 tudy were to analyze the expression of Notch signaling molecules, bone remodeling mediators, and pro-

100 of connexin hemichannel-mediated release of signaling molecules by astrocytes having an excitatory a

101 BL) PTMs on histone proteins can function as signaling molecules by mediating protein-protein interac

102 The direct interception of human immune signaling molecules by Mtb remains elusive, limiting dru

103 We previously showed that the signaling molecule c-di-GMP binds BldD, a master repress

104 a produce, release, and detect extracellular signaling molecules called autoinducers to coordinate co

105 During embryonic development, diffusible signaling molecules called morphogens are thought to det

106 production of lipoxin A(4) as well as other signaling molecules called specialized proresolving medi

107 and phosphatases, and interfering with these signaling molecules can alter memory strength.

108 sizes, fiber organizations, and contents of signaling molecules can be used to engineer tissue const

109 rved increased expression of IL-2-associated signaling molecules CD25, STAT5 phosphorylation, Ki67, a

110 Upon Arl3 loss, the PCP signaling molecules Celsr1 and Vangl2 failed to maintain

111 terstitial fluid levels of AT(2)R downstream signaling molecule cGMP (cyclic guanosine 3',5' monophos

112 s with cavities that could accommodate large signaling molecules, cofactors, and substrates remains a

113 etalloproteinase-7 (MMP7), a collagenase and signaling molecule consistently associated with colon ca

114 Whether, how, cell death signaling molecules contribute to blood vessel formation

115 These signaling molecules control plant cell division and diff

116 order within the microenvironment, much like signaling molecules convey positional information to org

117 The intracellular signaling molecule cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) regulates th

118 Signaling molecules derived from attachment of diverse m

119 Endogenous signaling molecules derived from lipids, peptides, and D

120 mRNA interaction with other mRNAs and other signaling molecules determine different biological pathw

121 the TRAF2-/NCK-interacting kinase (TNIK), a signaling molecule downstream of the tumor necrosis fact

122 ted constitutive phosphorylation of proximal signaling molecules downstream of the BCR but impaired C

123 se activity and decreased phosphorylation of signaling molecules downstream of the pre-B cell and B c

124 e investigated whether there are certain key signaling molecules downstream of the recently identifie

125 T cell activation is initiated by signaling molecules downstream of the T cell receptor (T

126 ce phosphorylation of immediate inflammatory signaling molecules downstream of TLR signaling.

127 tingly, these ROS molecules appear to act as signaling molecules driving developmental progression be

128 riated muscle and also as a mechanosensitive signaling molecule during cell migration and shear stres

129 ctive metabolite of vitamin A, is a critical signaling molecule during embryonic and fetal developmen

130 suggesting that polyphosphate also acts as a signaling molecule during starvation-induced development

131 ) and acyl-oxohomoserine lactones (AOHLs) as signaling molecules during quorum sensing.

132 Polyphosphate acts as a signaling molecule eliciting a number of responses in eu

133 hibited uPAR expression and consequently the signaling molecules ERK1/2 downstream of EGFR thus revea

134 noic acid (RA) is an autocrine and paracrine signaling molecule essential for the development of most

135 suggest that 12-S-HETE might be an autocrine signaling molecule exported by ABC transporters that enh

136 Waves of transcription factor and signaling molecule expression then coincide with DC form

137 ences in one of the oldest known nociceptive signaling molecule families, the prostaglandins.

138 reaction as part of the biosynthesis of the signaling molecule flavonol that triggers the growing of

139 ated protein (SAP), a critical intracellular signaling molecule for T-B lymphocyte interactions, driv

140 tudies are discussed that demonstrate ROS as signaling molecules for gene regulation by combining two

141 Small GTPases are essential signaling molecules for regulating glucose uptake in adi

142 chidonic acid (AA), a precursor of paracrine signaling molecules for regulation of inflammatory respo

143 an fragments (muropeptides) that function as signaling molecules for spore germination or by simply r

144 (sEV), membrane-enclosed bubbles that carry signaling molecules, from senescent stromal cells can pr

145 ng transcription factors (RUNX1, CEBPalpha), signaling molecules (FTL3-ITD, RAS) and the nuclear prot

146 Carbon monoxide (CO) is a cell-signaling molecule (gasotransmitter) produced endogenous

147 A-sequencing analysis for phosphorylation of signaling molecules, gene expression profiles, prolifera

148 Apocarotenoids are important signaling molecules generated from carotenoids through t

149 between and metabolize the two major LMW-SNO signaling molecules GSNO and SNO-CoA, allowing for wide-

150 ate in cellular redox regulation linking two signaling molecules H(2) S and NO.

151 ansduction following perception of rhizobial signaling molecules has mostly remained elusive.

152 tion of nitric oxide, an endogenous cellular signaling molecule, has been limited due to the difficul

153 chromatin organization and mechanoresponsive signaling molecules, have led to a revised concept of an

154 reased immunoreactivity for the inflammatory signaling molecules HMGB1 and RAGE, as well as the activ

155 Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), a signaling molecule implicated in many physiological proc

156 ive metabolite of vitamin A, is an essential signaling molecule in all chordates.

157 gas nitric oxide (NO) is a broadly conserved signaling molecule in all domains of life, including the

158 on product of tryptophan that functions as a signaling molecule in many bacteria.

159 hydrogen peroxide, recently recognized as a signaling molecule in neural morphogenesis and axonal pa

160 s are consistent with NAE 18:3 being a lipid signaling molecule in plants with a requirement for G-pr

161 t the idea that AI-2 serves as a widely used signaling molecule in the coordination of cell behavior

162 ACh is a signaling molecule in the mammalian CNS, with well-docum

163 their promoters, and that they might act as signaling molecules in a complex feedback loop.

164 ial insects against desiccation and serve as signaling molecules in a wide variety of chemical commun

165 ges in gene expression, it increased several signaling molecules in both sexes.

166 necessary for maintaining WNT receptors and signaling molecules in colonies, allowing responses to W

167 oximal kinase LYN, as well as downstream BCR signaling molecules in GCBCs.

168 have implicated transcriptional factors and signaling molecules in pathological hypertrophy, the rol

169 role of peptides as short- and long-distance signaling molecules in plant cell communication has been

170 al patterning of events starting with neural signaling molecules in the frontal cortex and ending in

171 ested for activation of PDE4D and downstream signaling molecules in the hippocampus of Cc2d1a-deficie

172 Notch1; and inactivated several profibrotic signaling molecules in the injured kidney, including Sma

173 e metabolism of the ascarosides, a family of signaling molecules in the model organism C. elegans.

174 Neuropeptides are an important class of signaling molecules in the nervous and neuroendocrine sy

175 FR2-deficient mice for the expression of key signaling molecules in this pathway.

176 ption, storage and transport of chemosensory signaling molecules including air-borne odorants and phe

177 0(-8)) with 52 LC-PUFA-containing lipids and signaling molecules, including free fatty acids, phospho

178 ependent signaling in cells expressing these signaling molecules, including T cells and keratinocytes

179 old proteins binds to and regulates multiple signaling molecules, including the Rho family GTPases Ra

180 nce of particular proteins, metabolites, and signaling molecules, including toxin-antitoxin modules,

181 g cerebral microvessels, but how blood-borne signaling molecules influence permeability is incomplete

182 y, we found that the eukaryote-specific host signaling molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is re

183 ted its potential use in monitoring multiple signaling molecules inside cells using basic fluorescenc

184 costimulatory and coinhibitory cell surface signaling molecules interacting with CD80/86, known to b

185 eins organize cellular processes by bringing signaling molecules into interaction, sometimes by formi

186 s assembled through recruiting various niche signaling molecules into lipid rafts for promoting neuro

187 With homology to human netrin-1, it is a key signaling molecule involved in directing axon migration

188 hingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid-based signaling molecule involved in neuroinflammatory process

189 Protein kinases are important cellular signaling molecules involved in cancer and a multitude o

190 e oxylipids such as 5-, 12-, and 15-HETE are signaling molecules involved in inflammation regulation,

191 teraction between GBM and neurotransmitters, signaling molecules involved in neuronal communication,

192 s constitute a family of hyperphosphorylated signaling molecules involved in the regulation of glucos

193 racellular concentrations of metabolites and signaling molecules is critical in studying cell biology

194 premise that the interaction between the two signaling molecules is transient.

195 rabidopsis defense through mimicking defense signaling molecules, jasmonates (JAs).

196 by denatonium or with Pseudomonas quinolone signaling molecules led to an increase in mucociliary cl

197 Screening a range of signaling molecules led to the discovery that Pak (p21-a

198 s for IFN alpha and lambda receptors and the signaling molecules, MAVS, STAT1, and STAT2 An unexpecte

199 pments, including the discovery of a defense signaling molecule, new insights into hormone biosynthes

200 The 3D distribution of quorum sensing signaling molecules, nucleobases, and bacterial membrane

201 athway "bottleneck," has been recruited as a signaling molecule of chloroplast metabolic status.

202 As ATP is the primary signaling molecule of glial cells (astrocytes, microglia

203 lor population through the use of diffusible signaling molecules of the gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) fam

204 ure-induced periodontitis, knockout of taste signaling molecules or genetic absence of gingival SCCs

205 lasting effects are attributed to downstream signaling molecules or induced effectors having a long h

206 , in addition to being the source of various signaling molecules or inhibitors required for the diffe

207 ceptor may also activate other intracellular signaling molecules or other ion channels.

208 muli often can be encoded by the dynamics of signaling molecules or transcription factors.

209 ha can be secreted autonomously, acting as a signaling molecule, or if it depends on heterodimerizati

210 ere we show that TNFalpha and its downstream signaling molecules p38 MAPK, ERK, and JNK contribute fu

211 al analyses predicted a reduced frequency of signaling molecule pathways, including G-protein-coupled

212 Since the Sema3 subfamily of signaling molecules plays diverse roles in the regulatio

213 Lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are signaling molecules produced by rhizobial bacteria that

214 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules produced by tissue-specific respirat

215 Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a key signaling molecule regulating cell adhesion, migration,

216 Bile acids are recognized as signaling molecules regulating a myriad of cellular and

217 recent paradigm shifts now recognize BAs as signaling molecules regulating both innate and adaptive

218 ial topography is determined by gradients of signaling molecules released from discrete signaling cen

219 We then identified signaling molecules required for cell non-autonomous int

220 t implicates calcineurin as an intracellular signaling molecule responsible for immune evasion during

221 including channels, receptors, transporters, signaling molecules, scaffolds, and chaperones.

222 hibitory synapses is triggered by a specific signaling molecule, Sema4D.

223 gnaling pathways induced by the postsynaptic signaling molecule Semaphorin4D (Sema4D) during inhibito

224 GF-beta3, and activation of their downstream signaling molecule Smad2.

225 prevented Ang II-induced phosphorylation of signaling molecules, specifically, ERK1/2 phosphorylatio

226 sphorylates sphingosine producing the potent signaling molecule sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P).

227 nd phosphorylation of AT(2)R-cGMP downstream signaling molecules Src (Src family kinase), ERK (extrac

228 undant role for IFN-gamma and its downstream signaling molecules STAT1 and T-bet in B cells in promot

229 069 did not affect LPS-induced activation of signaling molecules such as MAPK, Akt, NF-kappaB, and NL

230 l transduction events that involve important signaling molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS

231 heir neuronal environment via many different signaling molecules, such as neurotransmitters, neurohor

232 d after both AE and NMES, with IGF-1 being a signaling molecule that correlated with MCT performance

233 the stress kinase p38alpha as a nononcogenic signaling molecule that enables the progression of Kras(

234 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that fulfills diverse functional role

235 tor (suPAR) is an immune-derived circulating signaling molecule that has been implicated in chronic k

236 yme converting biliverdin to bilirubin and a signaling molecule that has cytoprotective and immunomod

237 Noncoding small RNA is a signaling molecule that is graft transmissible, particip

238 of T cells (LAT) is a transmembrane adaptor signaling molecule that is part of the TCR complex and e

239 animals, extracellular ATP is a well-studied signaling molecule that is recognized by plasma membrane

240 elaic acid as a potential microbiome-induced signaling molecule that is subsequently exuded as free a

241 5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) is a key enteric signaling molecule that mediates various physiological p

242 H(2) S is a gaseous signaling molecule that modifies cysteine residues in pr

243 ar, we describe the role of NO in molds as a signaling molecule that modulates asexual and sexual dev

244 nedione, commonly known as ( S)-DPD, a small signaling molecule that modulates QS in both Gram-negati

245 Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule that plays an important role in neuro

246 STAT1 activation served as the seminal signaling molecule that produced the proinflammatory mol

247 Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is an important signaling molecule that provides protective activities i

248 Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule that regulates diverse biological pro

249 Hydrogen sulfide is a signaling molecule that regulates essential processes in

250 uts a spotlight on its function as a central signaling molecule that regulates the dynamics of the ac

251 ssive system in which each strain produces a signaling molecule that signals the other strain to down

252 human melanocytes, and it suggests ATP as a signaling molecule that stimulates pigmentation.

253 cy of ARHGEF1, a hematopoietic intracellular signaling molecule that transmits signals from GPCRs.

254 Extracellular ATP (eATP) is a signaling molecule that variably affects all cells of th

255 that ApoE acts on neurons as a glia-secreted signaling molecule that, among others, enhances synapse

256 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key signaling molecules that are commonly altered in numerou

257 rons (IFNs) comprise a pleiotropic family of signaling molecules that are often the first line of def

258 to migrating leukocytes and a rich source of signaling molecules that can influence extravasating cel

259 , we focus on reactive oxygen species (ROS), signaling molecules that can potentially modulate cardia

260 Gaseous signaling molecules that diffuse in three dimensions app

261 cilitated the discovery of new long-distance signaling molecules that function in coordinating develo

262 ith osteoclasts and osteoblasts via distinct signaling molecules that include the RankL/OPG axis and

263 depends upon highly conserved intercellular signaling molecules that include the secreted WNT protei

264 We also identified cell location-specific signaling molecules that may influence the proliferation

265 litating lipid absorption, bile acids act as signaling molecules that modulate glucose and lipid meta

266 rganism and is facilitated via transcellular signaling molecules that orchestrate the activation of s

267 Wnt3 proteins are lipidated and glycosylated signaling molecules that play an important role in zebra

268 volve the coincident detection of additional signaling molecules that provide specificity.

269 at reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signaling molecules that regulate autophagy through atax

270 1 and Barr2, respectively) are intracellular signaling molecules that regulate many important metabol

271 Signaling molecules that regulate neurodevelopmental pro

272 d as important secondary messengers and cell signaling molecules that regulate several cell responses

273 Chemokines are important protein-signaling molecules that regulate various immune respons

274 , the interleukin (IL)-1 family includes key signaling molecules that trigger and perpetuate periodon

275 stream neurons in a specific circuit and the signaling molecules they use to communicate.

276 ased oxidation of DJ1, dual anti-oxidant and signaling molecule, through lipid raft/caveolae-dependen

277 partly mediated via regulated trafficking of signaling molecules to and from primary cilia.

278 back out of the cell to function as external signaling molecules to distant cells.

279 that impair grazer reproduction and serve as signaling molecules to nearby undamaged diatoms.

280 organizers establish gradients of diffusible signaling molecules to pattern the surrounding cells.

281 In planarians, muscle cells express signaling molecules to promote positional identity.

282 n, are required to coordinate the downstream signaling molecules to promote Sema3A-mediated cortical

283 fic endoribonuclease, Pfu Csx1, degrades cOA signaling molecules to provide an auto-inhibitory off-sw

284 rom stem cell metabolism has been emerged as signaling molecules to regulate stem cell behaviors such

285 (e.g., oxygen) and export of products (e.g., signaling molecules) to and from other cellular componen

286 which the presence of one type of diffusible signaling molecule triggers participation in the emissio

287 The mechanism of action of cyanide as a signaling molecule was addressed using two proteomic app

288 eins, which the effect of melatonin on these signaling molecules was not affected by the absence of B

289 log of InsP(8); PCP analogs of other PP-InsP signaling molecules were ineffective.

290 eceptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and related signaling molecules were recruited to the MPS in respons

291 ns tend to simultaneously bind more than one signaling molecule, which leads to the spatial assembly

292 Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is a gaseous signaling molecule, which modulates a wide range of mamm

293 Hydrogen sulfide (H(2) S) is an important signaling molecule whose up- and down-regulation have sp

294 PGE(2) is a lipid-signaling molecule with complex roles in both homeostasi

295 Carbon monoxide (CO) is a known endogenous signaling molecule with potential therapeutic indication

296 o be important for biosynthetic purposes, as signaling molecules with functions controlling chromatin

297 ts of GPCRs and other receptors are powerful signaling molecules with high potential as biological to

298 classes of LC-PUFA-containing molecules and signaling molecules) with common and low-frequency genet

299 Serotonin (5-HT) is a key signaling molecule within the mucosal epithelium of the

300 are shaped by the dynamic reorganization of signaling molecules within pre- and postsynaptic compart