ライフサイエンスコーパス: skull

1 mblage that also contained a barbary macaque skull.

2 ve a highly derived body plan and simplified skull.

3 n infection that impacted both the brain and skull.

4 ure that separates the front and back of the skull.

5 al target located in the densest bone of the skull.

6 ed ultrasound (FUS) through intact scalp and skull.

7 lso affecting the long-term evolution of the skull.

8 migrations-in shaping diversity in the human skull.

9 00 muM in a brain tissue mimic through a cat skull.

10 o image intrinsic signals through the intact skull.

11 convex premaxilla, and other features of the skull.

12 ective pressures on different regions of the skull.

13 x 5 x 3.2 mm(3)) was scanned through thinned skull.

14 letal dysplasia affecting the long bones and skull.

15 s following DC as a result of the unrepaired skull.

16 ure with the preservation of the surrounding skull.

17 uences for the structure and function of the skull.

18 uninhibited tumor growth within the confined skull.

19 s ago) are typically represented by multiple skulls.

20 iment analysed from three out of four fossil skulls.

21 istern sagittal dimension to the size of the skull - 0.086-0.150; index of prepontine cistern - 0.034

22 dex of basal cistern size to the size of the skull - 0.129-0.197; index of basal cistern transverse d

23 tern transverse dimension to the size of the skull - 0.173-0.255; index of basal cistern sagittal dim

24 ouse models of GBM with high-resolution open-skull 2-photon microscopy to investigate the phenotypica

25 severe microcephaly with partially collapsed skull; (2) thin cerebral cortices with subcortical calci

26 window can be simply installed on the mouse skull according to previously established methods, and t

27 e, high-density morphometric analysis of the skull across 181 modern and extinct species to identify

28 It consists of an acrylic box (skull), air-filled balloon [intracranial air (ICA)], wat

29 ividuals with cebocephalic and even cyclopic skulls almost all head muscles are normal.

30 preceded the postnatal transformation of the skull anatomy in adults of related titanosaurians.

31 affected by common individual variations in skull anatomy.

32 arly complete, three-dimensionally preserved skull and associated postcranial elements.

33 similar designs were implanted in the ovine skull and at s.c. sites and retrieved after 12 and 3 mo,

34 nsors to quantify the kinematics of both the skull and body during feeding events.

35 demonstrated highly variable coordination of skull and body kinematics in the context of complex prey

36 Skull and body proportions as well as reduced neural spi

37 head resolved vascular channels between the skull and brain cortex, and allowed monitoring of recrui

38 phenomenon has been described for the body, skull and brain size of red-toothed shrews and some must

39 Skull and chest radiographs were obtained (Figs 1, 2), a

40 in preosteoblasts and periosteal dura causes skull and CV malformations, similar to humans harboring

41 ssil is represented by an associated partial skull and dentaries with a nearly complete dentition, an

42 normal, suggesting that morphogens from the skull and dura establish optimal venous networks indepen

43 ure required extensive reorganization of the skull and fin spines, but the functional role of the sof

44 Here we carried out analyses directly on the skull and found a best age estimate of 299 +/- 25 thousa

45 hormone function, behavioral responses, and skull and jawbone measurements were compared among treat

46 eletions, resulting in growth defects of the skull and long bones, showed that these enhancers functi

47 ibe the fragmentary remains of an associated skull and mandible of Clevosaurus hadroprodon sp. nov.,

48 Anatomical features of the skull and neck were acquired to quantify the effect of b

49 erial that enables the reconstruction of the skull and shoulder girdle.

50 round the foramina in the basal parts of the skull and spinal canal, sprouting along the blood vessel

51 Several aspects of the skull and teeth of the new taxon, which we refer to a ne

52 lasia, especially in the ventral part of the skull and the mandible, and rostrally positioned hyoid.

53 relationship between the architecture of the skull and the specific articulations that close during n

54 fluid spaces in relation to the size of the skull and then the mean with standard deviation, median,

55 provide evidence for convergent evolution of skull and thus brain shrinkage and regrowth, with import

56 intrinsic signal imaging through the intact skull and two-photon imaging of calcium signals in singl

57 by contrast, accelerates development of the skull and, in severe cases, might lead to craniosynostos

58 In contrast, all 12 Ivolgin skulls and 5 Ust'-Polui skulls were clearly identified a

59 infer precisely the horizontal plane on dry skulls and in extinct species.

60 monospecific aggregates of semi-articulated skulls and skeletons within a narrow stratigraphic (~9 c

61 y demonstrates convergent evolution of their skulls and teeth towards two distinct functional optima,

62 y permeates the brain, and in some cases the skull, and interacts with tissue with a fundamental reso

63 ye migrates to the contralateral side of the skull, and this migration is accompanied by extensive cr

64 ved forms of which have shortened, toothless skulls, and which diverged from close relatives by devel

65 erformed to attach a head frame to the mouse skull ( approximately 1 h).

66 As show that those modifications changed the skull architecture into an optimized structure, more res

67 rphofunctional complexity of this impressive skull architecture requires a broad scale phylogenetic c

68 eing probably most important for shaping its skull architecture.

69 isting hypotheses on the evolution of turtle skull architecture.

70 igh-resolution CT scans suggest areas of the skull are affected differently during shrinking and regr

71 Instead, the beak and skull are highly integrated structures strongly regulate

72 ), we find that adult and juvenile alligator skulls are topologically similar, whereas juvenile bird

73 Plaster modelled skulls are well known at Jericho and several other Neoli

74 els (mLVs), mainly in the dorsal part of the skull, are involved in the clearance of cerebrospinal fl

75 We show that, of the 93 human skull articulations at birth, the few articulations that

76 Only the classification of the UP6571 skull as a dog (Dog Posterior Probability = 1.0) was not

77 cal or lesion studies require removal of the skull as well as hazardous chemicals, dehydration, or em

78 The holotype includes elements of the skull, axial, and appendicular skeleton.

79 subjects underwent (18)F-florbetapir PET/CT, skull base to below the kidney scan field, from 60 to 90

80 uired over standard acquisition fields (from skull base to ischia, from vertex to ischia, from skull

81 base to ischia, from vertex to ischia, from skull base to mid thigh, from vertex to mid thigh).

82 ase ECG-synchronized CT angiography from the skull base to the pubis symphysis was performed ( Fig 2

83 ography-synchronized CT angiography from the skull base to the pubis symphysis was performed after co

84 ography-synchronized CT angiography from the skull base to the pubis symphysis was performed after co

85 ography-synchronized CT angiography from the skull base to the pubis symphysis was performed after co

86 ase ECG-synchronized CT angiography from the skull base to the pubis symphysis was performed.

87 Here, we target unexplored skull base tumors using a fast simultaneous two-channel

88 such as bone and soft-tissue sarcoma of the skull base, head and neck, and pelvis, promising data we

89 ian anterior, central, and ventral posterior skull base.

90 ed a large expansile and erosive mass in the skull base.

91 the imaging of the temporal bone and lateral skull base.

92 In contrast to previous results of skull-based analysis, allometry had no significant effec

93 iomandibular CS, and absolute ILDs including skull, basicranial, palatal, mandibular, and toothrow le

94 ing the meninges plus the adjacent overlying skull bone (parameningeal tissues [PMT]).

95 -/-) or Six2 (-/-) single mutants, including skull bone agenesis, midline facial cleft, and syngnathi

96 st time anatomical network analysis to study skull bone integration and modular constructions in tyra

97 For the first time, the skull bone internal surfaces, their sutures, and element

98 composition similar to those of native human skull bone.

99 s, microcomputed tomography scans of fragile skull bones (jaws, skull roofs and braincases) and relia

100 tion between diet and the shape of posterior skull bones important for gape widening.

101 suggest that the topological arrangement of skull bones might act as a structural constraint, predis

102 risis), who were older than 24 months or had skull bones suitable for stereotactic surgery, and who h

103 ings (circa 1485-93) included studies of the skull, brain, and cerebral ventricles.

104 ption, where the shape, mass and size of the skull, brain, and several major organs, show significant

105 hibit high evolutionary rates throughout the skull, but their close relatives, Falconiformes, exhibit

106 ased mineralization has led to hyperossified skulls, but the function of this trait and its relations

107 Here, we determine the age of the Salkhit skull by compound-specific radiocarbon dating of hydroxy

108 ical museum sample of pedigreed hairless dog skulls by using ancient DNA extraction and present the a

109 epression in the outer or inner table of the skull) can help differentiate lesions of extracranial an

110 of the genome of a ~34,000-year-old hominin skull cap discovered in the Salkhit Valley in northeaste

111 Twelve H. erectus calvaria (skull caps) and two tibiae (lower leg bones) were discov

112 et of three-dimensional (3D) CT scans of 189 skulls, capturing 17 independent transitions from a stri

113 times, with morphofunctional changes in the skull co-varying with digestive strategy.

114 orating white matter anisotropy or different skull compartments.

115 BC) excavations yielded six unique human skulls covered with a black organic coating applied in a

116 coevolution of the beak and the rest of the skull (cranial integration) than in most landbird lineag

117 Surgically implanting the usCCW on the skull creates a self-contained environment, maintaining

118 Our findings show how integration of fossil skull data with archaic genomics and neuroimaging can su

119 ngenital syndrome characterized by occipital skull defects and vitreoretinal degeneration.

120 cele or meningocele in 3 patients, occipital skull defects in 4 patients, minor occipital changes in

121 Aside from occipital skull defects, central nervous system abnormalities are

122 growth and has implications for ecology and skull development that go beyond paleontology.

123 To understand how RAB23 regulates skull development, we generated Rab23-deficient mice tha

124 asured cortical field potentials via thinned-skull electroencephalography recordings and CBF with las

125 Based on shape analyses of fossil skull endocasts, we derive a measure of endocranial glob

126 Changes in these relationships facilitate skull evolution and may create susceptibility to disease

127 Rapid pulses of skull evolution coincide with changes to food acquisitio

128 , while disparity was established early, bat skull evolution is best described by multiple adaptive z

129 One of the key attributes of skull evolution is the anatomical changes associated wit

130 implantation were performed to simulate the skull expansion due to the spring forces and skull growt

131 We then demonstrate non-invasive through-skull fluorescence imaging of the brain vasculature of m

132 ed volume of the brain tissue that exits the skull following craniectomy.

133 ormance demonstrated in rats with unrepaired skulls following TBI suggests this model may be benefici

134 importance of mLVs in the basal part of the skull for this process by visualizing their distinct ana

135 niotomies for implanting transparent polymer skulls for cortex-wide imaging access and skull thinning

136 logical variation, including a huge range of skull form and function.

137 lass of dogs is highly correlated with their skull form.

138 mixed-breed dogs to dissect the genetics of skull form.

139 I describe a skull fossil of a new pleurodontan lizard taxon from the

140 shift (OR, 6.8; 95% CI, 3.4-13.8), depressed skull fracture (OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 3.7-11.4), and epidural

141 Lower GCS score, midline shift, depressed skull fracture, and epidural hematoma are key risk facto

142 ldren aged <2 years with mild TBI and linear skull fractures on plain-film X-rays.

143 CT studies were done for suspicion of linear skull fractures on plain-film X-rays.

144 for atraumatic brain abnormalities, isolated skull fractures, or chronic intracranial hemorrhage.

145 acranial lesions, even when they have linear skull fractures.

146 ent three individuals: EQH1, a nondiagnostic skull fragment; EQH2, an upper right third molar (RM(3))

147 uthus primigenius) and bison (Bison priscus) skull fragments.

148 The skull frequently had a collapsed appearance with overlap

149 e describe an exceptionally preserved fossil skull from the Lower Triassic of Brazil, representing a

150 and Cuba led to the present study of Lucayan skulls from The Bahamas.

151 The skull geometries from three different LC patients who un

152 CT images changed between +/- 5 mm over the skull geometries.

153 The TBI Closed Skull Group continued to perform better than the TBI Ope

154 e weeks after the CCI injury, the TBI Closed Skull Group demonstrated improved motor performance comp

155 ontinued to perform better than the TBI Open Skull Group throughout weeks 4, 8, 12 and 16.

156 received either a hemi-craniectomy (TBI Open Skull Group) or an immediate acrylic cranioplasty restor

157 plasty restoring cranial anatomy (TBI Closed Skull Group).

158 roved motor performance compared to TBI Open Skull Group.

159 skull expansion due to the spring forces and skull growth between surgery and post-operative CT imagi

160 Initially, the skull growth between the pre-operative CT imaging and su

161 l shape variation demonstrates that the bird skull has evolved in a mosaic fashion reflecting the dev

162 o-CT scanning of the StW 573 ('Little Foot') skull has revealed the most complete early hominin atlas

163 ring the normal postnatal development of the skull have also lower reliability scores than those arti

164 topologically similar, whereas juvenile bird skulls have a morphological complexity and anisomerism m

165 imaging access and skull thinning for intact skull imaging.

166 olution of the beak and the remainder of the skull in diurnal raptors and parrots suggests that integ

167 only option to correct the asymmetry at the skull in LC.

168 ric approach, we quantified the shape of the skull in unprecedented detail across 354 extant and 37 e

169 The fact that juvenile and adult skulls in birds do share a similar anatomical integratio

170 f bone powder from the cochlea of fragmented skulls in which the petrous pyramid of the temporal bone

171 sembly of key features of the archosauriform skull, including the antorbital and mandibular fenestrae

172 Mode of food processing primarily shaped skull integration among amniotes, however, phylogenetic

173 amniotes, however, phylogenetic patterns of skull integration are low in our sampling.

174 Our general conclusions on amniote skull integrity are obviously preliminary and should be

175 changed their relatively kinetic and anapsid skull into an elongated akinetic structure with a unique

176 of the ultrasound dose delivered through the skull is necessary as the range of pressure for efficien

177 The skull is specialized toward hunting in an aquatic enviro

178 The skull is virtually complete and we identify and describe

179 Here, we used morphometrics of skull isosurfaces derived from 374 pedigree and mixed-br

180 of the cranial base in comparison with total skull length.

181 Paediatric skull lesions are commonly identified on imaging.

182 to clinical-radiological features of primary skull lesions.

183 c beam as a model for the neck attached to a skull-like cone revealed the limits for the stability of

184 revealed short vascular connections between skull marrow and brain meninges, which were filled with

185 ing vessels that crosstalk between brain and skull marrow, a finding of potential relevance to migrai

186 Therefore, vertebral LVs add to skull meningeal LVs as gatekeepers of CNS immunity and m

187 ion between the FE models and post-operative skull models reconstructed from CT images changed betwee

188 The complex tyrannosaur skull modularity likely represents a refined mosaic of p

189 rstanding of the general patterns of amniote skull modularity.

190 ndent ways mirrored in different patterns of skull modularity.

191 Both the evolutionary rate and disparity of skull modules are associated with their developmental or

192 ties including polysyndactyly and defects in skull morphogenesis.

193 e for T. speciosus; evidence of selection on skull morphology was detected for T. alpinus, but not fo

194 putamenal convection-enhanced delivery via a skull-mounted transcutaneous port as a novel administrat

195 Comparative anatomy studies of the skull of archosaurs provide insights on the mechanisms o

196 used in fossae of the periotic region of the skull of different vertebrates.

197 natomical organization and modularity of the skull of extinct and extant archosaurs using an Anatomic

198 We propose that the skull of modern turtles is the result of a complex proce

199 The akinetic skull of opossum, alligator, and leatherback turtle evol

200 ruct a virtually complete but disarticulated skull of the large morphotype, including its endocast an

201 first almost complete and articulated fossil skull of the taxon Gallotia auaritae, recovered from the

202 The most complete known skull of this species is DNH 7 from Drimolen Main Quarry

203 It is one of the best-preserved skulls of a fossil hominin, and was initially designated

204 species with highly divergent, hyperossified skulls often have a specialized diet or a unique predato

205 rol but without surgical intervention of the skull or artery.

206 relation between the akinetic nature of the skull or the trochlear mechanisms with increased bite fo

207 Ossicles can be sampled from intact skulls or disarticulated petrous bones without damage to

208 al that the tyrannosaur has the most modular skull organization among the amniotes included in our st

209 Clade-specific ontogenetic differences in skull organization, such as extensive postnatal fusion o

210 diets, as well as the proliferation of bony skull ornaments.

211 type, we summarised external morphology and skull osteometric data obtained from four individuals, w

212 First, the skull overlying the cerebellum is removed, and then the

213 best opportunities in that regard, as their skull performance is known from life.

214 A trans-human skull porcine model was designed for the preclinical tes

215 Conclusion With a trans-human skull porcine model, this study demonstrated BBB opening

216 ocumented at population level from extracted skulls post-mortem.

217 field of view through an intact transparent skull preparation.

218 CB1-dependent bone anabolic response in the skull, probably mediated by anandamide, but seemingly un

219 ones, affects the correct development of the skull producing morphological malformations in newborns.

220 ht, because, unlike most other amniotes, the skull proportion is immense compared to the body.

221 of small foci suspicious of lytic lesions on skull radiographs, seen as arachnoid granulations fovea

222 Acute fractures involved the face or skull (range, P < .01 to P = .05), and chronic fractures

223 nterior rostrum is the most rapidly evolving skull region, whereas more posterior regions-such as the

224 osaurus rex has two openings in the temporal skull region.

225 and extreme morphological evolution of both skull regions along constrained directions of phenotypic

226 Here we report on the first near-complete skull remains of a North American Late Cretaceous metath

227 The skull residue samples were dominated by benzoate and cin

228 This skull reveals for the first time the mosaic assembly of

229 pterygian affinity with actinopterygian-like skull roof and braincase geometry, including endoskeleta

230 The fossil consists of a partial skull roof and braincase with anatomical details providi

231 d from other species by its unique dome-like skull roof, highly convex premaxilla, and other features

232 dd to the knowledge of the morphology of the skull roof, rostrum and hemimandible, and reconstruct th

233 mography scans of fragile skull bones (jaws, skull roofs and braincases) and reliably associated post

234 er dinosaurian inventions, such as thickened skull roofs.

235 The new lagerpetid preserves the first skull, scapular and forelimb elements, plus associated v

236 , we were able to determine the conservative skull shape among angel sharks with a high degree of int

237 Dogs with a brachycephalic skull shape and dogs weighing over 50 kg were also at gr

238 uggests correspondingly worldwide changes in skull shape and form across the agricultural transition,

239 antify the influence of diet on global human skull shape and form.

240 Ontogenetic changes in skull shape and size are ubiquitous in altricial vertebr

241 Most of the differences in skull shape are related to their geographic distribution

242 We find that the overall skull shape evolved faster in non-avian dinosaurs than i

243 alyses reveal fundamental differences in how skull shape evolved in birds and non-avian dinosaurs.

244 The overall similarity of the skull shape of some dog breeds with that of juvenile wol

245 By examining the skull shape of well-preserved fossil material compared t

246 nd tested for relationships between ecology, skull shape, and hyperossification.

247 t simply driven by brain size, body size, or skull shape, and is focused in specific networks of regi

248 Although many frogs share a conserved skull shape, several extreme forms have repeatedly evolv

249 a exhibiting convergent and rapid changes in skull shape.

250 asets to examine adaptive zone shifts in bat skull shape.

251 ion in total brain size, total body size, or skull shape.

252 t reproductive mode, are major influences on skull-shape evolution across squamates, with fossorial a

253 tion, thus influencing differential rates of skull-shape evolution in these two clades.

254 s (higher "NeanderScore") is associated with skull shapes resembling those of known Neanderthal crani

255 ond, at any given age, juvenile dogs exhibit skull shapes that resemble those of consistently younger

256 First, dog skulls show unique (neomorphic) features already shortly

257 , we followed the intra-individual change in skull size and body mass throughout the full cycle in wi

258 results may be due to the reorganisation of skull structure in birds-including loss of a separate po

259 es a low-force contact sensor to profile the skull surface and uses this information to perform preci

260 icrosurgery platform that combines automated skull surface profiling with a computer numerical contro

261 glass window over a craniotomy or a thinned-skull surface, the postsurgical decrease of brain temper

262 icities in the digit anlagen, growth plates, skull sutures and fingertips.

263 ave recently developed a rat model of closed skull TBI that reproduces human TBI consequences, includ

264 rocedure for accessing the brain through the skull that can be used to introduce neural probes that m

265 ally well-preserved and diminutive bird-like skull that documents a new species, which we name Oculud

266 introduces See-Shell, a transparent polymer skull that reveals the entire dorsal cortex in mice.

267 rphologically realistic, transparent polymer skulls that allow long-term (>300 days) optical access t

268 rametric finite element (FE) model of the LC skulls that could be used in the future to optimise spri

269 We have used the Craniobot to perform intact skull thinning and open small to large craniotomies over

270 er skulls for cortex-wide imaging access and skull thinning for intact skull imaging.

271 requires precisely removing sections of the skull to access the brain.

272 prematurely, we used a network model of the skull to quantify the link reliability (an index based o

273 PECT/CT of the central skeleton covering the skull to the mid-femoral level was performed before the

274 ange in a single spiral acquisition from the skull to the proximal femoral bones, tube voltage - 120

275 cidence of all fracture locations (excluding skull, toes, and fingers) and falls, 10-year cumulative

276 alic integration-analogous to the vertebrate skull-triggered a pathway for an ancient adaptive radiat

277 along with 309 samples of other extra-axial skull tumours that might histologically mimic meningioma

278 learly segregated all meningiomas from other skull tumours.

279 s a broad scale phylogenetic comparison with skull types different to that of dinosaurs with fundamen

280 On postnatal day 15 pups were sacrificed and skulls underwent micro-computed tomography (uCT) and his

281 Moderate defluorination was observed as skull uptake.

282 re, we analyze mosaic evolution in the avian skull using high-dimensional 3D surface morphometric dat

283 o mTBI and examined the bone response in the skull using microCT.

284 only known complete early Miocene chameleon skull, using micro-CT.

285 The vertebrate skull varies widely in shape, accommodating diverse stra

286 sutures, is a developmental disorder of the skull vault, occurring in approximately 1 in 2250 births

287 istribution to muscle tissue surrounding the skull (VT, 0.86 +/- 0.10 mL/cm(3)).

288 After chronic imaging sessions where the skull was intact, a terminal acute imaging session was p

289 A partial human skull was positioned over the animal's brain.

290 manual segmentation, the orientation of the skull was reconstructed as if the lateral semicircular c

291 rative methods in a broad sample of landbird skulls, we show that craniofacial evolution in Darwin's

292 In T. rex, they are thought to decrease skull weight, because, unlike most other amniotes, the s

293 eloped a novel trauma model featuring closed-skull weight-drop TBI and concomitant tibial fracture in

294 rast, all 12 Ivolgin skulls and 5 Ust'-Polui skulls were clearly identified as dogs.

295 Here we describe an almost intact embryonic skull, which indicates the early development of stereosc

296 nto the process of extravasation through the skull window.

297 mography, we show that besides having a deep skull with a short and broad rostrum, the most outstandi

298 ivities in the mouse brain through an intact skull, with resolutions of ~3 mum (lateral) and ~25-50 m

299 asively detect neurotransmitters through the skull would aid in understanding brain function and the

300 his retrospective descriptive study analyzed skull X-rays obtained in children <2 years old attended