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1 processes occurring during this paradoxical sleep stage.
2 incoming information, and contingent on the sleep stage.
3 en during quiescence that indicates a deeper sleep stage.
4 threshold, representing a distinct 'active' sleep stage.
5 entral apnoeas are less frequent during this sleep stage.
6 ity regulate the intensity of the first deep sleep stage.
7 t varied because of sound level and type and sleep stage.
8 p efficiency, and percentage of time in each sleep stage.
9 al distinct types of activity changes across sleep stages.
10 val and RR variability increased through all sleep stages.
11 leptiform discharges (IEDs) across different sleep stages.
12 remained stable from wakefulness through all sleep stages.
13 strongly activated during nonREM and/or REM sleep stages.
14 no difference in Pcrit was detected between sleep stages.
15 hy (PSG) and expert manual classification of sleep stages.
16 es of microbehaviors associated with certain sleep stages.
17 vity, which reliably discriminates different sleep stages.
18 embling into cell networks tuned to specific sleep stages.
19 nd 96.14%, respectively for 5, 3, and binary sleep stages.
20 utside the lab, including timing of specific sleep stages.
21 sals, sleep spindles and transitions between sleep stages.
22 p technology appeared to accurately quantify sleep stages.
23 alone could be used to differentiate between sleep stages.
24 rmal physiological changes across those same sleep stages.
25 transition probabilities, beyond PSG-defined sleep stages.
26 rived participants who reached all PSG-based sleep stages.
27 architecture, which includes non-REM and REM sleep stages.
28 it is unclear if invertebrates have distinct sleep stages.
29 astically different gating mechanisms across sleep stages.
30 ic brain EEG rhythms and transitions between sleep stages.
31 s system (ANS) shows strong variation across sleep stages.
32 been inconsistently observed in the various sleep stages.
33 p transients and spectral content during all sleep stages.
34 rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep stages.
35 or documented homeostatic regulation of both sleep stages.
36 he range of normal hearing]) during specific sleep stages.
37 the SCN can time the occurrence of specific sleep stages.
38 gue-Dawley rats chronically instrumented for sleep staging.
39 gue-Dawley rats chronically instrumented for sleep staging.
40 ening mechanics, heart rate variability, and sleep staging.
41 age 36-50 years) and was replaced by lighter sleep (stages 1 and 2) without significant increases in
42 ly lower in children with SDB during non-REM sleep (stage 2: P = 0.03; slow-wave sleep: P = 0.001).
43 ment (REM)-sleep, total sleeping time (TST), sleep stage 2 (S2), and QS [(SWS + REM) / TST x 100%] we
46 effects (e.g. memory impairment, increase in sleep stages 3 and 4, dependence, seizures and coma) tha
51 th groups, nonrandom HEP were present in all sleep stages analyzed; however, amplitude of HEP were si
52 ed polysomnographic technologist live-scored sleep stage and administered stimuli on randomized count
54 fter an abrupt decrease in PN, regardless of sleep stage and despite an increase in genioglossus-musc
55 en sleep stages and energy expenditure, with sleep stage and overnight energy expenditure patterns ta
59 tive was to investigate the relation between sleep stages and energy expenditure, with sleep stage an
60 e mechanisms controlling transitions between sleep stages and how they are synchronized with infraslo
61 as a key for interpreting the physiology of sleep stages and reconciling inconsistencies in terminol
63 ccuracy = 97%; F1 score = 96%) in predicting sleep stages and showed robust performance even with a s
68 he revised scoring scheme proved reliable in sleep staging and may serve as a building block in futur
69 ythms; a mechanism essential for spontaneous sleep-stage and arousal transitions that lays the bases
70 al for the micro-architecture of spontaneous sleep-stage and arousal transitions within a novel, non-
71 ly reported sleep features (e.g., minutes in sleep stages) and changes in memory performance show con
72 tivity (SKNA) has been shown to vary between sleep stages, and it can be recorded simultaneously with
73 ociations between movement behaviors and nap sleep stages, and no effects for nap condition or condit
74 e anatomical and physiological correlates of sleep stages, and thus dreaming, allow a better understa
75 ement [REM] sleep latencies, non-REM and REM sleep stages, and wakefulness after sleep onset); and Mi
76 generate large amounts of data that require sleep stage annotation (polysomnography), in which the d
77 to accurately distinguish between important sleep stages are difficult and impractical to use with c
79 onvincing evidence that, in humans, discrete sleep stages are important for daytime brain function, b
80 as well as the performance across different sleep stages are on par with that of the human experts.
81 show that the complex micro-architecture of sleep-stage/arousal transitions arises from intrinsic no
90 WS), is thought to be the most "restorative" sleep stage, but beneficial effects of SWS for physical
91 Small differences in EE were observed among sleep stages, but wakefulness during the sleep episode w
92 namely HybridAtt, to automatically classify sleep stages by capturing channel and temporal correlati
94 al inspection of PSG, automatic multivariate sleep stage classification has become an important resea
95 arison of SlumberNet's performance to manual sleep stage classification revealed a significant reduct
97 ep learning have shown promise in automating sleep stage classification using a single PSG channel.
101 developed a machine learning-based automated sleep stage classifier in a cohort of 25 preterm infants
103 TN LFP features that characterised different sleep stages, correlated with arousal and sleep fragment
104 No slow wave sleep or rapid eye movement sleep stages could be identified and no homoeostatic reg
105 ularities, ranging from circadian rhythms to sleep stage cycles and neuronal oscillations during nonr
108 portions of the signals support our model's sleep stage decision, and we verified that these portion
109 an 8-h night of sleep in terms of magnitude, sleep-stage dependency and retinotopic specificity, and
110 ultradian sleep states to determine whether sleep-stage dependent spectral patterns might reflect un
111 that aperiodic activity reliably dissociated sleep stage-dependent dynamics in a regionally specific
112 ntly reduced cigarette-smoking behavior in a sleep stage-dependent manner, and this effect persisted
114 activation during non-REM sleep (EE-SWAS), a sleep stage dominated by sleep spindles, which are brain
117 gram, we show that sleep patterns, including sleep stages, duration and regularity, are associated wi
122 lts show that the difference in CRPS between sleep stages exceeds the difference between young and el
124 x remains highly active during the different sleep stages, exhibiting complex interactions between di
125 nergy expenditure was calculated during each sleep stage for the whole night and separately for sleep
126 bject level and group level across different sleep stages for duration and distribution of IEDs.
128 orks and random forest algorithms to predict sleep stages from 15 variables (features) of the muscle
130 the data and were able to accurately predict sleep stages from HR and muscle activity alone with clas
132 e brain function, but whether any particular sleep stage has functional significance for the rest of
134 n tethered flies to identify a discrete deep sleep stage in Drosophila, termed proboscis extension sl
135 ppears to give an accurate representation of sleep stages in cattle and could consequentially enable
139 (PFC) activity recorded across behavior and sleep stages in male rats learning a spatial alternation
140 is maintained across non-rapid eye movement sleep stages in subcortical nuclei, yet decreases in dee
141 functions of intermittent transitions among sleep stages, including brief awakenings and arousals, c
142 functions of intermittent transitions among sleep stages, including short awakenings and arousals, c
148 vided into five sections: (1) an overview of sleep stages, memory categories, and the distinct stages
150 Sleep and wake summary outcomes as well as sleep staging metrics were evaluated, where available, f
151 cy of this compound to suppress apnea in all sleep stages most probably arises from its mixed agonist
152 physiological events that characterize these sleep stages must mediate sleep-dependent memory process
153 local mismatch response remained across all sleep stages (N1, N2, and REM sleep), but with an incomp
155 these tCS patterns was then reapplied during sleep stages N2 and SWS coupled to slow oscillations in
156 shorter REM latency, lower levels of non-REM sleep (stage N3), and reduced delta power during daytime
157 main findings were an increase in nocturnal sleep stage N3 (7.5 +/- 21.6 min/7.5 h, mean +/- SD; p =
158 Amyloid-beta fluctuations were modeled with sleep stages, (non)oscillatory power, and hormones as pr
159 s been applied in recent years to categorize sleep stages (NREM, REM, and wake) using electroencephal
160 R periods of the night, no overall effect of sleep stage on energy expenditure, except for WASO compa
162 hesis that there is a differential effect of sleep stage on QT interval in women compared with men.
166 nergy expenditure does not vary according to sleep stage overnight, except for higher energy expendit
167 ed by 15 +/- 5% with zolpidem throughout all sleep stages (p = 0.010), whereas genioglossus muscle re
170 ep (stages N2 and N3) and rapid eye movement sleep (stage R) were selected from the first sleep cycle
171 ebrate groups alternate between at least two sleep stages: rapid eye movement and slow wave sleep(1-4
178 propose a method based on ensemble of small sleep stage scoring models with different input signal s
179 matic signals simultaneously, making in-home sleep stage scoring systems more suitable for clinical p
182 scriptors [wake after sleep onset, number of sleep stage shifts, and lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation
185 duced marked, dose-responsive disruptions in sleep stage-specific EEG spectral profiles compared with
187 ng mice, we reveal and characterize multiple sleep stage-specific physiological mechanisms linking th
188 e of different non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages (stages 2 and 3-4) with REM and while awake
190 ipples, classically associated with distinct sleep stages, supports the notion that a global coordina
191 results provide evidence of a discrete deep sleep stage that is linked to a specific function and su
193 ement (REM) and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages, that VIP neurons were most active during R
194 characteristics; however, within each single sleep stage, the functional state of the brain is contin
195 d this idea forward and examined, across all sleep stages, the brain's ability to flexibly process se
196 (awake stage), and subsequent consolidation (sleeping stage) to examine the contributions of each reg
197 ound that either the dynamics of cortisol or sleep stage transition, or a combination of both, could
198 he potential to both facilitate the study of sleep stage transitions and offer new insights into the
199 n healthy subjects dramatically changes with sleep-stage transitions and exhibits a pronounced strati
200 amic through a Hidden Markov Model, the deep sleep stage was revealed to have a lower switching rate
201 EEG spectral frequency power within specific sleep stages was calculated in 1-Hz intervals from 1 to
203 entation, as assessed by the distribution of sleep stages, was also an independent predictor of hyper
206 (Tvol) to trigger EUCR and 2P and changes in sleep stages were recorded during injection of 2.7 mL/mi
208 Although sleep efficiency and proportions of sleep stages were within the normal range, sleep archite
209 he model has a non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stage, where dynamics between the hippocampus and
210 delity versions of new attractors, and a REM sleep stage, where neocortex is able to more freely expl
211 Unresponsive anesthetic states and verified sleep stages, where a subsequent report of mental conten
212 e find that alternating between NREM and REM sleep stages, which alternately focuses the model's repl
213 ories to switch within and between EEG-based sleep stages, while highlighting the heterogeneities of
214 tion of sleep also determines which specific sleep stage will be manifested, and the circadian proces