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1  processes occurring during this paradoxical sleep stage.
2  incoming information, and contingent on the sleep stage.
3 en during quiescence that indicates a deeper sleep stage.
4  threshold, representing a distinct 'active' sleep stage.
5 entral apnoeas are less frequent during this sleep stage.
6 ity regulate the intensity of the first deep sleep stage.
7 t varied because of sound level and type and sleep stage.
8 p efficiency, and percentage of time in each sleep stage.
9 al distinct types of activity changes across sleep stages.
10 val and RR variability increased through all sleep stages.
11 leptiform discharges (IEDs) across different sleep stages.
12 remained stable from wakefulness through all sleep stages.
13  strongly activated during nonREM and/or REM sleep stages.
14  no difference in Pcrit was detected between sleep stages.
15 hy (PSG) and expert manual classification of sleep stages.
16 es of microbehaviors associated with certain sleep stages.
17 vity, which reliably discriminates different sleep stages.
18 embling into cell networks tuned to specific sleep stages.
19 nd 96.14%, respectively for 5, 3, and binary sleep stages.
20 utside the lab, including timing of specific sleep stages.
21 sals, sleep spindles and transitions between sleep stages.
22 p technology appeared to accurately quantify sleep stages.
23 alone could be used to differentiate between sleep stages.
24 rmal physiological changes across those same sleep stages.
25 transition probabilities, beyond PSG-defined sleep stages.
26 rived participants who reached all PSG-based sleep stages.
27 architecture, which includes non-REM and REM sleep stages.
28 it is unclear if invertebrates have distinct sleep stages.
29 astically different gating mechanisms across sleep stages.
30 ic brain EEG rhythms and transitions between sleep stages.
31 s system (ANS) shows strong variation across sleep stages.
32  been inconsistently observed in the various sleep stages.
33 p transients and spectral content during all sleep stages.
34  rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep stages.
35 or documented homeostatic regulation of both sleep stages.
36 he range of normal hearing]) during specific sleep stages.
37  the SCN can time the occurrence of specific sleep stages.
38 gue-Dawley rats chronically instrumented for sleep staging.
39 gue-Dawley rats chronically instrumented for sleep staging.
40 ening mechanics, heart rate variability, and sleep staging.
41 age 36-50 years) and was replaced by lighter sleep (stages 1 and 2) without significant increases in
42 ly lower in children with SDB during non-REM sleep (stage 2: P = 0.03; slow-wave sleep: P = 0.001).
43 ment (REM)-sleep, total sleeping time (TST), sleep stage 2 (S2), and QS [(SWS + REM) / TST x 100%] we
44  eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep stages 2 and 3.
45 hat blunted hypoxic arousal responses during sleep Stage 3/4 would be present in PWS.
46 effects (e.g. memory impairment, increase in sleep stages 3 and 4, dependence, seizures and coma) tha
47 o elicit absence seizures and an increase in sleep stages 3 and 4, have been clarified.
48 ance of HRV and SKNA for classification of 5 sleep stages, 3 stages and binary stages.
49 oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), and EEG improved sleep staging accuracy.
50                        This tool offers high sleep-staging accuracy that matches human scoring accura
51 th groups, nonrandom HEP were present in all sleep stages analyzed; however, amplitude of HEP were si
52 ed polysomnographic technologist live-scored sleep stage and administered stimuli on randomized count
53                                              Sleep stage and anatomic localization were tested as mod
54 fter an abrupt decrease in PN, regardless of sleep stage and despite an increase in genioglossus-musc
55 en sleep stages and energy expenditure, with sleep stage and overnight energy expenditure patterns ta
56 al long short-term memory models to classify sleep stages and detect apnea events automatically.
57                   Accurate identification of sleep stages and disorders is crucial for maintaining he
58  of energy balance, yet the relation between sleep stages and energy expenditure remains unclear.
59 tive was to investigate the relation between sleep stages and energy expenditure, with sleep stage an
60 e mechanisms controlling transitions between sleep stages and how they are synchronized with infraslo
61  as a key for interpreting the physiology of sleep stages and reconciling inconsistencies in terminol
62       As such, naps may contain mostly light sleep stages and serve little function for learning and
63 ccuracy = 97%; F1 score = 96%) in predicting sleep stages and showed robust performance even with a s
64 h thus limit their precision in detection of sleep stages and sleep disorders.
65  fMRI studies were too short to capture full sleep stages and their cycling.
66 ledge of the physiology of NREM and then REM sleep stages and their ordered succession.
67 nd seizure risk in addition to modulation by sleep stages and transitions between stages.
68 he revised scoring scheme proved reliable in sleep staging and may serve as a building block in futur
69 ythms; a mechanism essential for spontaneous sleep-stage and arousal transitions that lays the bases
70 al for the micro-architecture of spontaneous sleep-stage and arousal transitions within a novel, non-
71 ly reported sleep features (e.g., minutes in sleep stages) and changes in memory performance show con
72 tivity (SKNA) has been shown to vary between sleep stages, and it can be recorded simultaneously with
73 ociations between movement behaviors and nap sleep stages, and no effects for nap condition or condit
74 e anatomical and physiological correlates of sleep stages, and thus dreaming, allow a better understa
75 ement [REM] sleep latencies, non-REM and REM sleep stages, and wakefulness after sleep onset); and Mi
76  generate large amounts of data that require sleep stage annotation (polysomnography), in which the d
77  to accurately distinguish between important sleep stages are difficult and impractical to use with c
78 Our results advance the understanding of how sleep stages are genetically defined.
79 onvincing evidence that, in humans, discrete sleep stages are important for daytime brain function, b
80  as well as the performance across different sleep stages are on par with that of the human experts.
81  show that the complex micro-architecture of sleep-stage/arousal transitions arises from intrinsic no
82                           We visually marked sleep stages, arousals, seizures, and epileptic bursts i
83 ates of reduced arousal, including different sleep stages as well as anesthesia in humans.
84                       We find a transitional sleep stage associated with a 7-10 Hz oscillation in the
85       We confirm the existence of a distinct sleep stage associated with rhythmic proboscis extension
86 r these effects depend on circadian phase or sleep stage at awakening.
87 ckage with a graphic user interface to score sleep stages automatically in mice.
88                      The overall accuracy in sleep staging between WP and PSG was 62% with Kappa agre
89 es in body temperature and EEG recordings of sleep stage bouts.
90 WS), is thought to be the most "restorative" sleep stage, but beneficial effects of SWS for physical
91  Small differences in EE were observed among sleep stages, but wakefulness during the sleep episode w
92  namely HybridAtt, to automatically classify sleep stages by capturing channel and temporal correlati
93               In this study, we propose that sleep stages can be classified using features derived fr
94 al inspection of PSG, automatic multivariate sleep stage classification has become an important resea
95 arison of SlumberNet's performance to manual sleep stage classification revealed a significant reduct
96                     In line with literature, sleep stage classification turned out to be difficult us
97 ep learning have shown promise in automating sleep stage classification using a single PSG channel.
98 efficient, accurate, and scalable method for sleep stage classification.
99 he effectiveness of HybridAtt in the task of sleep stage classification.
100                                        These sleep stage classifications have been based on convenien
101 developed a machine learning-based automated sleep stage classifier in a cohort of 25 preterm infants
102 a lower level of irreversibility in the deep sleep stage, compared to the other.
103 TN LFP features that characterised different sleep stages, correlated with arousal and sleep fragment
104     No slow wave sleep or rapid eye movement sleep stages could be identified and no homoeostatic reg
105 ularities, ranging from circadian rhythms to sleep stage cycles and neuronal oscillations during nonr
106                                              Sleep stages, cyclic alternating pattern (CAP), and leg
107 put channels, making it adaptable to diverse sleep staging datasets.
108  portions of the signals support our model's sleep stage decision, and we verified that these portion
109 an 8-h night of sleep in terms of magnitude, sleep-stage dependency and retinotopic specificity, and
110  ultradian sleep states to determine whether sleep-stage dependent spectral patterns might reflect un
111 that aperiodic activity reliably dissociated sleep stage-dependent dynamics in a regionally specific
112 ntly reduced cigarette-smoking behavior in a sleep stage-dependent manner, and this effect persisted
113 ion, arousals from sleep, and alterations in sleep stage distribution.
114 activation during non-REM sleep (EE-SWAS), a sleep stage dominated by sleep spindles, which are brain
115 iciency, or slow-wave and rapid eye movement sleep stage duration (P > .30).
116                     These findings show that sleep stages, duration and regularity are all important
117 gram, we show that sleep patterns, including sleep stages, duration and regularity, are associated wi
118 quantifying sleep/wake states as compared to sleep staging durations.
119                We also determined effects of sleep stage during baseline and recovery sleep on EE.
120 nd ultradian patterns of secretion) data and sleep-staged EEG from healthy human participants.
121                       Finally, during deeper sleep stages, electroencephalographic analysis revealed
122 lts show that the difference in CRPS between sleep stages exceeds the difference between young and el
123                                              Sleep stages exerted no effect on energy expenditure dur
124 x remains highly active during the different sleep stages, exhibiting complex interactions between di
125 nergy expenditure was calculated during each sleep stage for the whole night and separately for sleep
126 bject level and group level across different sleep stages for duration and distribution of IEDs.
127 radient boosting machine (LightGBM) to score sleep stages for each epoch of recordings.
128 orks and random forest algorithms to predict sleep stages from 15 variables (features) of the muscle
129                                      Scoring sleep stages from biological signals is an essential but
130 the data and were able to accurately predict sleep stages from HR and muscle activity alone with clas
131           Slow wave sleep (SWS), the deepest sleep stage hallmarked by electroencephalographic slow o
132 e brain function, but whether any particular sleep stage has functional significance for the rest of
133  [5], but its role in the timing of specific sleep stages has remained unknown.
134 n tethered flies to identify a discrete deep sleep stage in Drosophila, termed proboscis extension sl
135 ppears to give an accurate representation of sleep stages in cattle and could consequentially enable
136 s determine the timing and intensity of deep sleep stages in Drosophila.
137                        Identifying different sleep stages in humans and other mammals has traditional
138                       Evidence for different sleep stages in invertebrates remains elusive, even thou
139  (PFC) activity recorded across behavior and sleep stages in male rats learning a spatial alternation
140  is maintained across non-rapid eye movement sleep stages in subcortical nuclei, yet decreases in dee
141  functions of intermittent transitions among sleep stages, including brief awakenings and arousals, c
142  functions of intermittent transitions among sleep stages, including short awakenings and arousals, c
143                       However, how these two sleep stages influence each other and thereby regulate t
144 igational memory, but the role of particular sleep stages is less clear.
145 tterns and how they change between different sleep stages is presently unknown.
146  to a simultaneous increase in the amount of sleep stage IV.
147  is a well-established marker of arousal and sleep stages measured using electroencephalography.
148 vided into five sections: (1) an overview of sleep stages, memory categories, and the distinct stages
149                               To integrate a sleep staging method into clinical practice effectively,
150   Sleep and wake summary outcomes as well as sleep staging metrics were evaluated, where available, f
151 cy of this compound to suppress apnea in all sleep stages most probably arises from its mixed agonist
152 physiological events that characterize these sleep stages must mediate sleep-dependent memory process
153  local mismatch response remained across all sleep stages (N1, N2, and REM sleep), but with an incomp
154       Sections during non-rapid eye movement sleep (stages N2 and N3) and rapid eye movement sleep (s
155 these tCS patterns was then reapplied during sleep stages N2 and SWS coupled to slow oscillations in
156 shorter REM latency, lower levels of non-REM sleep (stage N3), and reduced delta power during daytime
157  main findings were an increase in nocturnal sleep stage N3 (7.5 +/- 21.6 min/7.5 h, mean +/- SD; p =
158  Amyloid-beta fluctuations were modeled with sleep stages, (non)oscillatory power, and hormones as pr
159 s been applied in recent years to categorize sleep stages (NREM, REM, and wake) using electroencephal
160 R periods of the night, no overall effect of sleep stage on energy expenditure, except for WASO compa
161           On the second night, the effect of sleep stage on pressure-flow relationships of the upper
162 hesis that there is a differential effect of sleep stage on QT interval in women compared with men.
163            On the first night, the effect of sleep stage on the relationship of retropalatal cross-se
164       We examined the effects of the various sleep stages on RR and QT intervals in healthy subjects
165 to baseline and postarousal, irrespective of sleep stage or brain area.
166 nergy expenditure does not vary according to sleep stage overnight, except for higher energy expendit
167 ed by 15 +/- 5% with zolpidem throughout all sleep stages (p = 0.010), whereas genioglossus muscle re
168                           Coincidence of the sleep stage pattern and the overnight energy expenditure
169                                     Finally, sleep stages per se do not affect memories.
170 ep (stages N2 and N3) and rapid eye movement sleep (stage R) were selected from the first sleep cycle
171 ebrate groups alternate between at least two sleep stages: rapid eye movement and slow wave sleep(1-4
172 s similar performance to the HRV for 2 and 3 sleep stages recognition.
173 2.36 +/- 1.08 bpm, mean +/- SD; p < 0.0001); sleep stage REM did not change (p = 0.3564).
174  the molecular pathways underlying different sleep stages remain unclear.
175 , although their relationship to EEG-defined sleep stages remains unknown.
176                                              Sleep stages resembling the REM and non-REM (NREM) phase
177 r state-of-the-art performance for automatic sleep stage scoring in mice.
178  propose a method based on ensemble of small sleep stage scoring models with different input signal s
179 matic signals simultaneously, making in-home sleep stage scoring systems more suitable for clinical p
180                                              Sleep stage sequence analysis of SOREM periods may also
181                                 We performed sleep stage sequence analysis on 127 patients with noctu
182 scriptors [wake after sleep onset, number of sleep stage shifts, and lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation
183                       Energy expenditure and sleep stages showed characteristic patterns during the n
184 d adoption of an industry-standard automated sleep staging software package.
185 duced marked, dose-responsive disruptions in sleep stage-specific EEG spectral profiles compared with
186 be coordinated between these structures in a sleep stage-specific manner.
187 ng mice, we reveal and characterize multiple sleep stage-specific physiological mechanisms linking th
188 e of different non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages (stages 2 and 3-4) with REM and while awake
189                                 However, the sleep-stage stratification pattern we uncover in CRPS do
190 ipples, classically associated with distinct sleep stages, supports the notion that a global coordina
191  results provide evidence of a discrete deep sleep stage that is linked to a specific function and su
192 n/KOR signalling affects transitions between sleep stages that promote REM sleep.
193 ement (REM) and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages, that VIP neurons were most active during R
194 characteristics; however, within each single sleep stage, the functional state of the brain is contin
195 d this idea forward and examined, across all sleep stages, the brain's ability to flexibly process se
196 (awake stage), and subsequent consolidation (sleeping stage) to examine the contributions of each reg
197 ound that either the dynamics of cortisol or sleep stage transition, or a combination of both, could
198 he potential to both facilitate the study of sleep stage transitions and offer new insights into the
199 n healthy subjects dramatically changes with sleep-stage transitions and exhibits a pronounced strati
200 amic through a Hidden Markov Model, the deep sleep stage was revealed to have a lower switching rate
201 EEG spectral frequency power within specific sleep stages was calculated in 1-Hz intervals from 1 to
202 prevalent, but the distribution of classical sleep stages was similar between groups.
203 entation, as assessed by the distribution of sleep stages, was also an independent predictor of hyper
204 /min water into the proximal esophagus after sleep stages were confirmed.
205                               Differences in sleep stages were not associated with cognition.
206 (Tvol) to trigger EUCR and 2P and changes in sleep stages were recorded during injection of 2.7 mL/mi
207                                              Sleep stages were scored visually for 20-second epochs;
208 Although sleep efficiency and proportions of sleep stages were within the normal range, sleep archite
209 he model has a non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stage, where dynamics between the hippocampus and
210 delity versions of new attractors, and a REM sleep stage, where neocortex is able to more freely expl
211  Unresponsive anesthetic states and verified sleep stages, where a subsequent report of mental conten
212 e find that alternating between NREM and REM sleep stages, which alternately focuses the model's repl
213 ories to switch within and between EEG-based sleep stages, while highlighting the heterogeneities of
214 tion of sleep also determines which specific sleep stage will be manifested, and the circadian proces

 
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