ライフサイエンスコーパス: slime

1 move within an encasement of polysaccharide 'slime'.

2 ce lithoautotrophic microbial ecosystems, or SLiMEs).

3 eat unit polysaccharide that constitutes the slime.

4 gella, longer cell length, and encasement of slime.

5 bly accompanied by a continuous secretion of slime.

6 ents are caused directly by the secretion of slime.

7 e fibrous and less dilute than the defensive slime.

8 y selection for stronger and more voluminous slime.

9 which seems to accelerate the drying of the slime.

10 ed CO(2) bubbles during the hardening of the slime.

11 and physiology of the cells that produce the slime.

12 h predators by producing liters of defensive slime.

13 IV pili or by pushing with the secretion of slime.

14 the overall ecological trophic structure of SLiMEs.

15 The model assumes that the hydration of slime, a cationic polyelectrolyte, is the force-generati

16 We review biomechanical aspects of the slime, along with recent efforts to produce biomimetic s

17 f Myxococcus xanthus: (i) polar secretion of slime and (ii) an unknown motor that uses cell surface a

18 nctional role of phosphonates in velvet worm slime and should stimulate further study of the function

19 re modification) secreted copious amounts of slime and showed a precocious swarming phenotype.

20 lular DNA (exDNA) is a component of root cap slime and that exDNA degradation during inoculation by a

21 ads impart strength to a hagfish's defensive slime and thus are potentially subject to selection on t

22 Leptospirillum ferrooxidans is abundant in slimes and as a planktonic organism in environments with

23 inant prokaryote in the environment studied (slimes and sediments) and constituted up to 85% of the m

24 thomonadins and extracellular polysaccharide slime, and a pigB-encoding plasmid restored both traits

25 k, mussel byssus, velvet worm slime, hagfish slime, and mistletoe viscin.

26 e comet core is held together by a matrix of slime; and (4) the comets etch trails in the agar as the

27 The attractive elements of prey slime are small, water-soluble compounds detected by spe

28 t SAL inhibited production of teichoic acid, slime-associated proteins, and type 1 antigen by as much

29 the results revealed that in this bacterium, slime associates preferentially with the outermost compo

30 fornia, T. ferrooxidans occurs in peripheral slime-based communities (at pH over 1.3 and temperature

31 t important one with regard to searching for SLiMEs both on and off our planet.

32 sider the biofilm matrix not as an undefined slime, but as an assembly of polymers with a defined com

33 lity may be associated with the extrusion of slime, but evidence has been lacking, and how force migh

34 Bacterial capsule and slime can be inhibited by bismuth compounds, especially

35 A filament of slime can be seen attached to the end of a cell, but it

36 appears to involve a mucilaginous matrix or "slime" composed of proteins, polysaccharides, and detach

37 d when no cell death occurs yielded root cap slime containing (32)P-labeled exDNA.

38 into the drying process of the velvet worm's slime demonstrate how naturally evolved polymerizations

39 luorescent-staining experiments, we observed slime deposition by gliding Myxococcus xanthus cells at

40 ing diatoms and apicomplexa, suggesting that slime deposition is a general means for gliding organism

41 s tend to follow trails laid by other cells, slime-driven OM material exchange may be an important st

42 ation-driven swelling of the polyelectrolyte slime ejected from these nozzles as the force production

43 were discovered in cyanobacteria from which slime emanated at the same rate at which the bacteria mo

44 All these mutant cells had filaments of slime emerging from both ends, indicating that bipolar s

45 ciated extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) or slime essential for movement and employ a type IV pilus

46 Slime expelled by velvet worms entraps prey insects with

47 This strongly implicates slime extrusion as a propulsion mechanism for gliding.

48 bservations of slime trails demonstrate that slime extrusion from such nozzles can account for most o

49 al hormogonium has 10-100 thousand 9-nm-wide slime extrusion nozzles.

50 The results indicate that slime extrusion unlikely generates the gliding forces, b

51 his force is comparable to that predicted by slime extrusion, and the bending modulus is 30-fold smal

52 Slime exudate is composed mainly of secretory products f

53 , the primary building blocks of velvet worm slime fibers.

54 sites of slime secretion, that the secreted slime fibrils are elongated at about the same rate as th

55 Here, we investigated the slime for the first time, not only after, but also befor

56 ure that squirts a polysaccharide-containing slime from the pole of the cell (5).

57 sion, that the LPS core could play a role in slime generation, and that multiple two-component system

58 The slime is produced when slime gland exudate is released into the predator's mout

59 composition of the slime, morphology of the slime gland, and physiology of the cells that produce th

60 the thread- and mucus-producing cells in the slime glands.

61 occurring in parallel with the evolution of slime glands.

62 expression of 2-AEP synthesizing enzymes in slime glands.

63 branchial apparatus, and chemical traces of slime glands.

64 (10 muM) of the metals zinc and nickel, but slime had no effect on organic nutrient (the amino acid

65 ding spider silk, mussel byssus, velvet worm slime, hagfish slime, and mistletoe viscin.

66 n, it is still unclear how the velvet worms' slime hardens so fast.

67 y be driven by the secretion and swelling of slime; however, experiments to confirm or refute this mo

68 lts suggest selection for stronger defensive slime in larger hagfishes has driven the evolution of ex

69 ccharide, although the precise nature of the slime in myxobacteria remains unclear.

70 available data suggest that the exopolymeric slime is a polysaccharide, although the precise nature o

71 Pond slime is a problem in garden pools, algal blooms can pro

72 us to consider a model in which the external slime is itself both the signal and the milieu for swarm

73 The slime is produced when slime gland exudate is released i

74 lectron microscopical observations show that slime is secreted in ribbons from the ends of cells.

75 ns between the membrane of the bacteria, the slime it secretes, and the soft substrate underneath.

76 The rapid squirt of a proteinaceous slime jet endows velvet worms (Onychophora) with a uniqu

77 in the retention of these components in the slime layer prior to assembly into a biofilm.

78 polysaccharides that coat the organisms in a slime layer.

79 g body of evidence supports the existence of SLiME-like communities: if they exist, the implications

80 rapid setup and remarkable expansion of the slime make it a highly effective and unique form of defe

81 re thin layers of bacteria embedded within a slime matrix that live on surfaces.

82 gs, and end with a discussion of how hagfish slime may have evolved.

83 are different from the waves observed during slime mold aggregation that depend on diffusible morphog

84 ns are also present in zebrafish, nematodes, slime mold and plants.

85 restingly, simple organisms such as cellular slime mold appear exclusively on one branch, bilaterians

86 Our data shows that a single-celled slime mold can control its gene expression in a region-s

87 A single slime mold can precipitate up to a gram of HACC over the

88 spiration comes from Physarum, a unicellular slime mold capable of solving the traveling salesman and

89 ad are closely related to pks genes from the slime mold Dictyostelium and eubacteria.

90 consistent with the behavior of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discodeum, which switches from

91 cular system, the slug stage of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum (Dd).

92 the rep B and rep D genes from the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum .

93 The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum has long been recogn

94 The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is a widely used mod

95 The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is an attractive sys

96 In the development of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum there is a stage in

97 Our findings identified the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum's CISD proteins as t

98 sely related to the annexin homologue of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, suggesting a phylog

99 CBM8 family member (CBM8), DdCBM8, from the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, which was identifie

100 he multicellular development of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum.

101 iscoban Naegleria gruberi and the amoebozoan slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum.

102 ified in a eukaryotic microbe (protist), the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum.

103 tical for proper development in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium.

104 tion relationships of dynein in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium.

105 s in this region to nematode talin, cellular slime mold filopodin, and an Sla2 homolog from nematode.

106 ACC (HACC) precipitated by the cosmopolitan slime mold Fuligo septica (L.) F.H. Wigg.

107 ciation imparts the extreme stability of the slime mold HACC by inhibiting loss of H(2)O and subseque

108 Our study demonstrates that slime mold networks evolve continuously via pruning and

109 We show that the brainless slime mold Physarum polycephalum constructs a form of sp

110 contrast to other unicellular organisms, the slime mold Physarum polycephalum forms a giant network-s

111 The slime mold Physarum polycephalum grows as a random netwo

112 formed spatial transcriptome analysis of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum in the plasmodium state

113 The acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum provides an excellent m

114 We here follow how the giant unicellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum responds to a nutrient

115 Among them, the slime mold Physarum polycephalum, a giant single cell, i

116 endonuclease, a homing endonuclease from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum, is a small enzyme (2 x

117 ase, an intron-encoded endonuclease from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum, is a small enzyme (2 x

118 sion of signals among decentralized units in slime mold Physarum polycephalum, we introduce a combina

119 Nuclei in G2 phase of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum, when transplanted, by

120 apply the method to the mitochondrion of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum.

121 is encoded by a group I intron found in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum.

122 ere, we report a remarkable exception in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum.

123 fungi to single-celled organisms such as the slime mold Physarum polycephalum.

124 prevent the formation of pseudopods; and (3) Slime mold placed in an adverse environment preferential

125 In the cellular slime mold Polysphondylium spherical masses of cells are

126 ansition from one symmetry to another in the slime mold Polysphondylium, we developed a genetic scree

127 oration dynamics, the migration rate and the slime mold shape.

128 ns include the metazoan talins, the cellular slime mold talin homologues TalA and TalB, fungal Sla2p,

129 Dictyostelium discoideum, a social slime mold that forms fruiting bodies with spores, depen

130 periments confirm peristalsis is used by the slime mold to drive internal cytoplasmic flows.

131 mplest phospholipids, is found in cells from slime mold to humans and has a largely unknown function.

132 ity commonly used in robotics--requiring the slime mold to reach a chemoattractive goal behind a U-sh

133 This mechanism allows the slime mold to solve the U-shaped trap problem--a classic

134 dentified in organisms ranging from cellular slime mold to vertebrates, including plants, fungi, nema

135 equency concentric pacemaker activity by the slime mold's scroll-wave tip.

136 ority of eukaryotes (fungi, plants, animals, slime mold, and euglena) synthesize Asn-linked glycans (

137 The cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum is a non-metazoan o

138 studies on PHD homologues from the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, and the protozoan

139 Because the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, is a genetically t

140 tantly related nematode species and from the slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum.

141 New evidence from a primitive slime mold, however, suggests that alpha- and beta-caten

142 Dictyostelium discoideum, a social slime mold, is one of a few eukaryotes known to possess

143 in D. discoideum with 5'-editing in another slime mold, Polysphondylium pallidum, suggests organism-

144 Dictyostelium discoideum, the social slime mold, possesses a PPK activity (DdPPK1) with seque

145 In yeast and slime mold, some retrotransposons are associated with tR

146 o-scale collective systems, including social slime mold, spermatozoa vortex arrays, and Quincke rolle

147 fruit flies, nematodes, carpenter ants, and slime mold.

148 In particular, the slime-mold Dictyostelium, the protozoan Trichomonas vagi

149 ehavior coaggregate, cross-signaling impacts slime-mold diversity across spatiotemporal scales.

150 on of sugar beet plants by the endoparasitic slime-mold vector Polymyxa betae.

151 Dictyostelid cellular slime molds (dictyostelids) are key components of soil m

152 udding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), two slime molds (Dictyostelium discoideum and Physarum polyc

153 , trypanosomes, Giardia, ciliates, alga, and slime molds [3-8].

154 lants, chlorophyte green algae, demosponges, slime molds and brown algae.

155 s explain how network-forming organisms like slime molds and fungi thrive in complex environments.

156 orly understood feature of organisms such as slime molds and fungi.

157 gesting a phylogenetic link between cellular slime molds and true fungi.

158 ells into a migratory slug phase in cellular slime molds at times of starvation.

159 xtract the network topology and followed the slime molds before and after fusion.

160 xin sequences present in animals, fungi, and slime molds began prior to the divergence of these taxa.

161 Our results show that: (1) slime molds build sparse networks with thin veins in a n

162 s in a nutritive or adverse environment; (2) slime molds construct long, efficient and resilient netw

163 we characterize the network organization of slime molds exploring homogeneous neutral, nutritive and

164 orter and more centralized networks; and (3) slime molds fuse rapidly and establish multiple connecti

165 However, some eukaryotic protists such as slime molds generate diverse and complex structures whil

166 Plasmodial slime molds grow as networks and use flexible, undiffere

167 Our results also show that slime molds migrate at a rate governed by the substrate

168 How slime molds networks are built and fuse to allow for eff

169 Cellular slime molds of the genus Polysphondylium periodically re

170 More broadly, slime molds offer the extraordinary opportunity to explo

171 We suggest that in all cellular slime molds the existence of loners could resolve the ap

172 arily conserved in eukaryotic organisms from slime molds to humans, JAK-STAT signaling appears to be

173 e found in a wide variety of organisms, from slime molds to humans.

174 a paradigm in cell signaling conserved from slime molds to mammals.

175 hting immune cells in organisms ranging from slime molds to mammals.

176 mans was shown to interact with macrophages, slime molds, and amoebae in a similar manner, suggesting

177 matid and apicomplexan parasites, algae, and slime molds, and have also been found in the bacterium A

178 er social insects to include immune systems, slime molds, and microbiomes.

179 ental responses in bacteria, Archaea, fungi, slime molds, and plants.

180 und in eukaryotic organisms including fungi, slime molds, and plants.

181 bees, multiple queen-founding ants, cellular slime molds, and social bacteria).

182 ribed also in non-metazoan organisms such as slime molds, fungi and plants.

183 Cellular slime molds, including the well-studied Dictyostelium di

184 ncept applies to real-world systems, such as slime molds, the actin cytoskeleton, and human organizat

185 otility and phagocytosis in animal cells and slime molds.

186 matid and apicomplexan parasites, algae, and slime molds.

187 aryotes including animals, plants, fungi and slime molds.

188 of heart muscle to the self-organization of slime molds.

189 ous media or plasmodial shuttle streaming in slime molds.

190 present in orthologs of animals or cellular slime molds.

191 ubstances affect the exploration behavior of slime molds; (2) Nutritive and adverse substances both s

192 w what is known about the composition of the slime, morphology of the slime gland, and physiology of

193 O), Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA), Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA), Multi-verse Optimization (M

194 .e., grey wolf optimization), ANN-SMA (i.e., slime mould algorithm) alongside ANN-MPA (i.e., marine p

195 ave shown that the foraging behaviour of the slime mould can be applied in archaeological research to

196 Slime mould can therefore not be considered as a thermis

197 o discover physical means of programming the slime mould computers we explore conductivity of the pro

198 substrate: transport routes imitated by the slime mould did not reflect patterns of elevations.

199 urations of attractants and behaviour of the slime mould is tuned by a range of repellents, the organ

200 hematical model of the foraging behaviour of slime mould P. polycephalum to solve the network design

201 Slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a single cell visib

202 box homing endonuclease was I-PpoI from the slime mould Physarum polycephalum.

203 Let the slime mould span two electrodes with a single protoplasm

204 l configuration of sources of nutrients, the slime mould spans the sources with networks of its proto

205 To demonstrate this we encourage the slime mould to span a grid of electrodes and apply AC st

206 bio-chemical oscillators responsible for the slime mould's distributed sensing, concurrent informatio

207 man-made highways, networks developed by the slime mould, and a cellular automata model inspired by s

208 ays, railways) and natural networks (leaves, slime mould, insect wings) and show that there are funda

209 d, and a cellular automata model inspired by slime mould, we demonstrate the flexibility and efficien

210 a plasmodial, vegetative stage of acellular slime mould.

211 The flow is imitated by the model of the slime mould.

212 ers of solitary cells (for example, cellular slime moulds).

213 tivity in such decisions, in both humans and slime moulds.

214 le, we construct a mathematical model of the slime nozzle to see if it can generate a force sufficien

215 arily present as phosphonate moieties in the slime of distantly related velvet worm species.

216 The defensive slime of hagfishes contains thousands of intermediate fi

217 The slime of velvet worms (Onychophora) is a protein-based b

218 Myxococcus leaves a trail of slime on agar as it moves.

219 Slime on the epidermal surface was shown to significantl

220 ts, also produced by gene knockout, secreted slime only from one pole, but they swarmed at a lower ra

221 wly away from the parent colony by extruding slime out of nozzles.

222 ack MpRSL1 function do not develop rhizoids, slime papillae, mucilage papillae, or gemmae.

223 PP1 was immunolocalized in slime plugs and P-protein bodies in sieve elements of th

224 n which cells attach to surfaces and secrete slime (polymeric substances), are central to microbial l

225 water supply treatment as a disinfectant and slime preventive and has an advantage over chlorine in t

226 To test whether the slime propulsion hypothesis is physically reasonable, we

227 ve multiprotein complex, including the fibro-slime protein previously found to be important in bindin

228 ) is associated with glycans linked to large slime proteins, while transcriptomic analyses confirm th

229 The external slime provides the milieu for motility and likely harbor

230 iated proteins creates pressure waves in the slime, pushing cells forward.

231 gest that the encapsulated salts in expelled slime rapidly dissolve and neutralize in a baking-powder

232 uce the mucous and fibrous components of the slime, respectively.

233 Further, we investigated the slime's micro- and nanostructures in-depth.

234 lts' neutralization reaction, increasing the slime's pH and ionic strength.

235 ate in a manner that mimics the formation of slime-secreting epidermal and peripheral root-cap cells.

236 propel the gliding of its rod-shaped cells: slime-secreting jets at the rear and retractile pili at

237 own renders this bacterium defective in both slime secretion and gliding motility.

238 to turn, which is facilitated by the push of slime secretion at the rear of each cell and by the flex

239 Our results strongly suggest that slime secretion is not only a prerequisite for this pecu

240 Evidence is presented that slime secretion is vital for cell survival and that the

241 We next used Wet-SEEC to image slime secretion, a poorly defined property of many proka

242 cluding chaperone-feeding machines, jets for slime secretion, and type IV pili.

243 t the pore complexes are the actual sites of slime secretion, that the secreted slime fibrils are elo

244 pe IV pili at their leading pole and pushing slime secretory nozzles at their lagging pole.

245 ynthesize an extracellular matrix called the slime sheath.

246 mately 0.5 and approximately 40 degrees C in slime streamers and attached to pyrite surfaces at a sul

247 These extracellular slime substances could also have cytoprotective properti

248 We postulate that extracellular slime substances produced by bacteria that are buried in

249 that lead to the formation of a ridge at the slime-substrate-air interface, thereby creating a thrust

250 We demonstrate that SLiMEs support taxonomically and metabolically diverse m

251 terial shape deformations creating a flow of slime that exerts a pressure along the bacterial length.

252 her with mucus, formed an adhesive epidermal slime that is more fibrous and less dilute than the defe

253 ne-rich repeat (LRR) proteins in velvet worm slime that readily adopt a receptor-like, protein-bindin

254 ng with recent efforts to produce biomimetic slime thread analogs, and end with a discussion of how h

255 kers, stereocilia, spider silks, and hagfish slime thread skeins.

256 uce a silk-like proteinaceous fiber called a slime thread.(3)(,)(4) The slime threads impart strength

257 stematically examined the scaling of GTC and slime-thread dimensions with body size within both phylo

258 larger hagfishes produce longer and thicker slime threads and thus are equipped to defend against la

259 ly) over a body-size range of 10-128 cm, the slime threads characterize the largest intracellular pol

260 us fiber called a slime thread.(3)(,)(4) The slime threads impart strength to a hagfish's defensive s

261 larger hagfishes produce longer and stronger slime threads than smaller ones.(9) Here, by sampling a

262 that epidermal threads are ancestral to the slime threads, with duplication and diversification of t

263 ciated with the secretion of an exopolymeric slime through nozzle-like structures.

264 cond, gliding is powered by the extrusion of slime through pores surrounding each cell septum.

265 ition of nitric oxide synthase also disrupts slime trail following, suggesting a role for nitric oxid

266 ole for nitric oxide in neural processing of slime trail stimuli.

267 amine-containing polysaccharides on cell and slime-trail surfaces may trigger pilus retraction, resul

268 These experiments demonstrate that slime-trail tracking in Euglandina is a robust, easily m

269 that mechanical cell alignment combined with slime-trail-following is sufficient to explain the disti

270 ilus retraction, resulting in S-motility and slime-trailing behaviors.

271 Our calculations and our observations of slime trails demonstrate that slime extrusion from such

272 rge amounts of OM materials were released in slime trails deposited by gliding cells.

273 Euglandina follow slime trails more than 80% of the time, following trails

274 erved ability of cells to deposit and follow slime trails, we show that effective trail-following lea

275 nd snail, tracks prey and mates by following slime trails.

276 rface lithoautotrophic microbial ecosystems (SLiMEs) under oligotrophic conditions are typically supp

277 et worms (Onychophora) expel a protein-based slime used for hunting and defense that upon shearing an

278 obacteria depends on the steady secretion of slime using specific pores, as well as the interaction o

279 higher metal exposure concentration (1 mM), slime was no longer protective, indicating saturation of

280 Elevated phosphorus content in velvet worm slime was previously observed and putatively ascribed to

281 sults support an epidermal origin of hagfish slime, which may have been driven by selection for stron

282 fic pores, as well as the interaction of the slime with the filament surface and the underlying subst

283 hagfishes produce a soft, fibrous defensive slime within a fraction of a second by ejecting mucus an