ライフサイエンスコーパス: specialization

1 y (i.e. productivity is a convex function of specialization).

2 (i.e. productivity is a concave function of specialization).

3 romote reproductive isolation via pollinator specialization.

4 ical areas available for later computational specialization.

5 adult diet) demonstrate dietary and economic specialization.

6 able environments and can lead to ecological specialization.

7 transcriptional plasticity in adaptation and specialization.

8 thought to be related in part to functional specialization.

9 cnemius, which may be integral to fiber-type specialization.

10 ight also play a role in functional cortical specialization.

11 ed by diversification and partial functional specialization.

12 ence of positive selection that drove sexual specialization.

13 e environmental adaptation or product driven specialization.

14 fy what computations are at the base of such specialization.

15 e-related connectivity supporting functional specialization.

16 biosynthetic gene duplication and functional specialization.

17 ymorphisms in driving this variation in host specialization.

18 s underlying local adaptation and ecological specialization.

19 process characterized by increasing meiotic specialization.

20 cortical regions while allowing for modular specialization.

21 ighly repeatable, which indicates individual specialization.

22 e a high degree of functional complexity and specialization.

23 flecting selection for sensory and cognitive specialization.

24 evational ranges, likely reflecting climatic specialization.

25 isotype dictates the hallmarks of CEM cilia specialization.

26 erned by evolutionary novelty and functional specialization.

27 nteractions in the evolution of reproductive specialization.

28 ts into the temporal lobe provides a further specialization.

29 ion of unrelated adults are smaller and lack specialization.

30 e important for gene regulation and cellular specialization.

31 resent a convenient model for studying niche specialization.

32 nscription factor expression, and functional specialization.

33 gical diversity and contribute to ecological specialization.

34 ned by a different combination of functional specializations.

35 l and distal domains with different neuronal specializations.

36 ts potentially related to human evolutionary specializations.

37 ed their collaboration networks and research specializations.

38 opment and evolution of human nervous system specializations.

39 onal arbors with mixed pre- and postsynaptic specializations.

40 e these species to resist diversification or specialization?

41 a that are associated with cardiac glycoside specialization(13,14).

42 ing tissue (epithelium, muscle, endothelium) specialization; 2) the major effect of Ret is not only o

43 Bacteria are known to coexist by metabolic specialization(4), cooperation(5) and cyclic warfare(6-8

44 Of terminals forming discernible synaptic specializations, 95% were symmetric inhibitory-type in t

45 eage history as a critical determinant of EC specialization, a finding with broad implications for ou

46 logy for solute uptake by building an apical specialization: a dense array of microvilli that serves

47 We describe functional specialization across several dimensions (e.g., at diffe

48 lustering of charges may therefore allow for specialization against bacteria, in concert with prolong

49 dopamine neurons and their projections, this specialization and anatomical organization may aid downs

50 -specific T-cells with a distinct functional specialization and antigenic specificity.

51 ide a powerful system to study host-pathogen specialization and coevolution, with hundreds of Microbo

52 connectivity remodels to support functional specialization and cognition.

53 rtality, but not biomass, by requiring niche specialization and contributing to biogeochemical divers

54 , subregions of EC that differ in functional specialization and cortical connectivity, with the hypot

55 cies, soldier morphotype determines entrance specialization and defensive strategy, while head size s

56 We demonstrate high degrees of habitat-specialization and endemicity for most genomospecies in

57 gned with cortical hierarchies of functional specialization and evolutionary expansion.

58 nd the molecular-genetic basis of functional specialization and identify potential drug targets speci

59 ippocampus, provide evidence for subregional specialization and integration of information beyond wha

60 neuronal activity) is relevant for neuronal specialization and is affected by brain disorders.

61 l association cortex is considered a primate specialization and is involved in complex behaviors, wit

62 sing functional MRI, we examined hemispheric specialization and learning-dependent plasticity of thre

63 phering the mechanisms that underpin dietary specialization and niche partitioning is crucial to unde

64 tly, showing parallel evolution towards NICU specialization and non-susceptibility to vancomycin, ind

65 ence for striking differences in hemispheric specialization and plasticity among the language systems

66 Functional specialization and plasticity are fundamental organizing

67 t requires a delicate balance between neural specialization and plasticity, and language learning off

68 nduced the loss of Nfasc155 and of paranodal specialization and resulted in conduction alterations in

69 Here, we show that human specialization and subsequent spread of A. aegypti out o

70 ns for our understanding of the evolution of specialization and the genetic and environmental factors

71 odically phases a debate on their functional specialization and the tissue-specific variations of the

72 ely to respectively reflect their functional specialization and their greater capacity for altering n

73 picture of the advanced stage of plant cell specialization and to reveal novel participants potentia

74 in developing spinal neurons to alter their specialization and ultimately adjust sensorimotor behavi

75 partmentalized structure with bulky terminal specializations and are proposed here as output regions.

76 e key insights into the evolution of hearing specializations and feeding strategies in early whales.

77 f neurotransmitter receptors in postsynaptic specializations and suggest that they do not play a majo

78 d are recognized by extraordinary anatomical specializations and trophic diversity.

79 nalizes early, often in the absence of other specialization, and (3) how shifting social conditions a

80 rneuron subtypes on brain function, cortical specialization, and illness risk remains elusive.

81 insights into adaptation, coevolution, host specialization, and mating system evolution have been ga

82 e cortical distribution, relative functional specialization, and strong connectivity suggest a basis

83 Surprisingly, dietary specialization appeared to disadvantage male leopards.

84 growing recognition that surgical volume and specialization are linked to better outcomes, endocrine

85 is and organotypic vascular endothelial cell specialization are poorly understood.

86 ng, and can evolve even when the benefits of specialization are saturating (i.e. productivity is a co

87 des within the network and their hemispheric specialization are still unresolved.

88 -aquatic habitats and for them, silk-related specializations are also essential to survive in aquatic

89 rates, which reflect cognitive and economic specialization as an adaptation to high population densi

90 We investigated the extent of phenotypic specialization associated with a specific task by using

91 ection is formed by growth cones-subcellular specializations at the tips of growing axons, encompassi

92 t find evidence of long-term transcriptional specialization between plasmablasts of different isotype

93 trics reflect distinct dimensions of dietary specialization both within and among species.

94 information might not receive as much neural specialization but might generalize more easily to ecolo

95 d us to define the biochemical basis of ATG8 specialization by comparing two potato ATG8 isoforms usi

96 th that of radiologists of varying levels of specialization by using the generalized estimating equat

97 veal that plant VOC redundancy and herbivore specialization can be explained by a conflicting informa

98 ity, set up a scaffold upon which functional specialization can later take place.

99 Such individual differences in degree of specialization can persist over time-scales of months or

100 erience (early vs late career), and surgical specialization-categorized as general surgery (GS), surg

101 of their unique morphological and functional specialization, cells of this type are sensitive to the

102 s part of the tubulin code, controls ciliary specialization, ciliary motor-based transport, and cilia

103 In conclusion, mTEC specialization controls intrathymic iNKT cell developmen

104 level in a wild plant species, and that such specialization could promote species diversity and seed

105 enus Cephalotes), an iconic example of caste specialization, defend nest entrances by using their ela

106 ic pattern of brain organization and circuit specialization depending on the variables of age at inju

107 This functional specialization depends on a unique protein composition t

108 circuit already active at birth, or does its specialization develop slowly as a function of experienc

109 hing, thus promoting the process of resource specialization during the incipient stages of sympatric

110 ial resolving power (~6 cycles/degree), this specialization enhances visual sampling toward the lower

111 ributes to understanding how similar dietary specializations evolved repeatedly in mammals.

112 therefore do not apply to these microbes, as specialization evolves independently on different niche

113 ic competition) did not affect the degree of specialization exhibited by individuals.

114 Loss of foveal specialization features such as outer segment lengthenin

115 functions of short and long-term patterns of specialization for bumblebee colonies.

116 of conspecificity but suggest that cortical specialization for face perception may not be ubiquitous

117 nt defenses and warranted the theory of host specialization for generalist aphids.

118 Such a loose hemispheric specialization for language permits the hosting of langu

119 ph node blood vasculature and defines subset specialization for leukocyte recruitment and vascular ho

120 How a child's brain develops specialization for print is poorly understood.

121 Whether human DC subsets display functional specialization for Tfh polarization remains unclear.

122 of the most abundant mRNAs suggests ribosome specialization for translating groups of mRNAs expressed

123 anization wherein putative dorsal areas show specialization for visual motion signals.

124 ing and food caching behaviours appear to be specializations for cold winter survival and may have ev

125 ad relative to the condyles are hypothesized specializations for more upright limb orientation or wei

126 clusal morphology suggests decreased dietary specialization from Australopithecus to early Homo, and

127 any candidate genes underlying herbivory and specialization have been identified, and a few key studi

128 However, visual field specializations have not been studied in the dorsal visu

129 ortunity was a key determinant of individual specialization; however, contrary to predictions, per ca

130 itions are predicted to influence individual specialization; however, its adaptive consequences are p

131 Theory predicts that trophic specialization (i.e. low dietary diversity) should make

132 rs might increase capture success because of specialization in a lateralized attack, but at the cost

133 quantify the magnitude of individual dietary specialization in a solitary large carnivore, and to exa

134 tribution of sensory cortices to hemispheric specialization in action control.

135 The discovery of cell type specialization in alveolar capillaries transforms our un

136 rey's nest, provides a mechanism for dietary specialization in army ants.

137 ught to result from coevolutionary cycles as specialization in herbivores imposes diversifying select

138 , suggesting a spatiotemporal and functional specialization in higher eukaryotes.

139 pecific physiological and social behavioural specialization in individuals involved in a social immun

140 We found evidence of individual specialization in leopard diet, with respect to both the

141 PRC1 are not detectably required, suggesting specialization in mechanical function.

142 Investigation of niche specialization in microbial communities is important in

143 variation enables competitiveness and niche specialization in microbial communities.

144 and, occlusal morphology may suggest dietary specialization in Paranthropus, although different speci

145 chondria can modulate subcellular functional specialization in photoreceptors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

146 Ecological specialization in plants occurs primarily through local

147 ted a trade-off between visual and olfactory specialization in primates, studies of some regions (for

148 We provide empirical evidence of immigrants' specialization in skill acquisition well before entering

149 nger, mutations tune gene-expression towards specialization in specific tasks.

150 uggest this may result from lower ecological specialization in temperate families with large ranges,

151 organization that may underlie hierarchical specialization in the brain.

152 hus, we have identified a novel dimension of specialization in the mouse visual cortex that may enabl

153 The present review examines functional specialization in the network of brain regions that dire

154 on of Q5 CA1 represents a major evolutionary specialization in the ungulates.

155 , gene expression, metabolic, and functional specializations in cardiomyocytes as the heart transits

156 tential neural, evolutionary, and behavioral specializations in different species.

157 Visual specializations in eye designs, large-scale inhomogeneit

158 ral, and physiological studies on optic flow specializations in hummingbirds.

159 hese results suggest that there are separate specializations in mid-level cortical processing for vis

160 We find evidence for regional specializations in neural representations of choice and

161 evolution of some unique auditory and visual specializations in relation to their unique behavior and

162 mic ion channel properties and complementary specializations in synaptic connectivity.

163 d that Caspr2 is highly enriched at synaptic specializations in the cerebellum.

164 Synaptic vesicles fuse at morphological specializations in the presynaptic terminal termed activ

165 Retinotopic specializations in the ventral visual stream, especially

166 how this led to detailed studies of tactile specializations in waterfowl and sensorimotor systems in

167 nd inferior colliculi, but potential somatic specializations indicate that the somatosensory system i

168 ensity and competition schedules, as well as specialization into one sport.

169 Functional specialization is a consequence of distinct isoform expr

170 It is unknown, however, whether functional specialization is a degenerative phenomenon unique to se

171 ology, economics, and ecology has shown that specialization is beneficial when further division of la

172 Yet diagnosing specialization is complicated both by the difficulty of

173 This cell-type specialization is conserved between mouse and human lung

174 asics suggests that occipito-temporal cortex specialization is driven largely by inherited connectivi

175 ity experienced during our study, as dietary specialization is expected to advantage individuals more

176 As typical in the rhodococci, R. equi niche specialization is extrachromosomally determined, via a c

177 Current evidence for HPM specialization is mostly indirect, derived from correlat

178 regions, but the protein basis for cellular specialization is not well understood.

179 However, whether such functional specialization is paralleled by memory generation among

180 Here we show that reproductive specialization is qualitatively different from classical

181 imulations, we demonstrate that reproductive specialization is strongly favored in sparse networks of

182 Individual specialization is typically assumed to be maintained by

183 We demonstrate that niche specialization is uncorrelated on abiotic (i.e. temperat

184 ldness to drive differences in the degree of specialization is unknown.

185 productive division of labor (e.g. germ-soma specialization) is a hallmark of the evolution of multic

186 ameters is the dominant source of functional specialization, leading to highly proficient microcircui

187 Our results show that early diet specialization may be reinforced by the elevated costs o

188 reported individual differences in foraging specialization may emerge.

189 This specialization may ensure robust growth and cell wall in

190 y ants, then this olfaction-based ecological specialization may facilitate patterns of resource parti

191 y the transposon-adapted system via sequence specialization, mismatch tolerance, and selective regula

192 heral hemispheres of the eyes suggest visual specializations not previously recognized in stomatopods

193 aximum mammalian body mass and dietary niche specialization occurred at ~300 ka post-KPgE, concomitan

194 ue properties likely generated by functional specialization of a duplicated ancestral gene.

195 vides the molecular basis for the functional specialization of an HP1 isoform.

196 GTP-dependent manner, suggesting functional specialization of Arl3-GTPases in T. brucei These result

197 ide insights into the cellular and molecular specialization of axoglial signalling, how pharmacologic

198 display is associated with unique functional specialization of both CD4(+) and CD8(+)T cells and indi

199 vation domain, and highlights the functional specialization of channel domains.

200 the specificity of biological groups and the specialization of cultures, based on the association of

201 al T cell compartment, which arises from the specialization of different T cell subsets and the plast

202 s, identifying the structural and functional specialization of executive brain systems that mediates

203 Moreover, they suggest that the phenotypic specialization of functionally distinct proprioceptor su

204 l possibilities for the ongoing evolutionary specialization of GH5_4 enzymes.

205 grained memory detail, supporting functional specialization of hippocampal-cortical networks.

206 The apparent specialization of individual hydrophilins for desiccatio

207 ghts into the evolution and species-specific specialization of mitochondrial translation.

208 patterning, rostral-caudal boundary setting, specialization of myotome subdivisions or the specific R

209 TEMENT Understanding the basis of functional specialization of neuron subtypes and identifying drug t

210 These include the functional specialization of NLRs into sensors and helpers, the ind

211 spite a potential determinant for functional specialization of PN subtypes, the spatial organization

212 over, our data illuminate extensive regional specialization of principal cell populations across the

213 In addition to region-specific specialization of principal cells, we find evidence for

214 importance of cell migration and functional specialization of putative epithelial stem/progenitor ni

215 To understand how this specialization of RFs arises in the HVAs, we measured th

216 ses in team size have been attributed to the specialization of scientific activities(3), improvements

217 en the two microbiomes, as well as potential specialization of some microbially based metabolism with

218 ther visual features studied in this system, specialization of spatial integration in PM cannot be ex

219 tion of the striatum is due to the molecular specialization of SPN subtypes.

220 formal start of the professionalization and specialization of surgery in the United States.

221 ietal cortex are considered to be a critical specialization of the human brain.

222 with accurate spatial mapping the functional specialization of the human PMC during grasping movement

223 Altogether, our results suggest a functional specialization of the left and right lateral OFC in prim

224 The results demonstrate functional specialization of the left dHb-IPN pathway in attenuatin

225 We find surprisingly adult-like functional specialization of the LOC by 6 months of age: infants ex

226 priate provision of nutrients and functional specialization of the local vasculature.

227 privation relates to the original functional specialization of the reorganized brain regions.

228 esults provide new evidence for maturational specialization of the striatal DA system through adolesc

229 It is unclear to what extent the functional specialization of the striatum is due to the molecular s

230 nt and enabling organotypic endothelial cell specialization of the vascular network.

231 to a growing body of data that point to the specialization of these 2 hypoxia-sensing transcription

232 The most remarkable anatomical specialization of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Polynemida

233 (such as POU2F1 in neurons), organ-specific specializations of broadly distributed cell types (such

234 Our analyses focused on organ-specific specializations of broadly distributed cell types (such

235 e radiation implies that several postcranial specializations of extant cetaceans, including a shorten

236 ical traits allows a better knowledge of the specializations of extinct mammals that evolved under st

237 In leon mutants, postsynaptic specializations of neuromuscular junctions are dramatica

238 ssion profiles indicate different functional specializations of the Atlantic cod Ahr's.

239 ressing (PV+) interneurons are surrounded by specializations of the extracellular matrix, the perineu

240 iple for this approach, and reveal molecular specializations of the growth cone, including accumulati

241 eal molecular pathways underlying remarkable specializations of the human brain.

242 sions, without the need to invoke mechanical specializations of the sensory tissue.

243 core' mechanisms, both arising from distinct specializations of the starburst network.

244 rest was the appearance of papillae, surface specializations of the uninnervated anterior face of the

245 g (Lycaon pictus) hint at the possibility of specializations of the visual system.

246 The processing specializations of these two somatosensory TRN subcircui

247 These active-site specializations of TTLL glutamylases and glycylases ulti

248 s essential for understanding the anatomical specializations of white matter organization that are un

249 rning the cooperative action, and functional specialization, of the tandem Ca(2+)-sensing domains of

250 Studying retinal specializations offers insights into eye functionality a

251 yploidy and host domestication in A. candida specialization on distinct plant species.

252 gaster(6,7), which are linked to its extreme specialization on noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia)(8-16).

253 e of local properties and their hierarchical specialization on the large-scale organization of human

254 ch populations live and by within-individual specialization or variation unrelated to growth.

255 structures, especially the understanding of specializations or reductions of structures with functio

256 he social learning advantage, organizational specialization, organizational rigidity and the locus of

257 ework known as the integrative hypothesis of specialization, our results suggest that phylogenetic co

258 g-term trend toward greater ecomorphological specialization over successive faunas during the past 66

259 could represent a common mimicry class with specialization possible along multiple axes such as frui

260 ognized examples already exhibit many of the specializations present in modern forms.

261 m their microenvironment to acquire distinct specialization programs for efficient clearance of diver

262 rial clearance tests) and their chemosensory specialization (proteomics of olfactory organs).

263 but large parts of IT cortex lack any known specialization, raising the question of what general pri

264 ompared to other carnivores, possibly due to specializations related to the felid musculoskeletal sys

265 or salivatory nucleus, all indicate neuronal specializations related to the myrmecophagous diet of th

266 he provenance and flexibility of hemispheric specialization remain open questions.

267 or the maturation of OHCs and their synaptic specialization remain poorly understood.

268 The repeated evolution of dietary specialization represents a hallmark of mammalian ecolog

269 While regulators of Tgammadelta17 specialization restricted to various Vgamma subsets are

270 ates significantly with different behavioral specialization(s) such as sight hunting, scent hunting,

271 atomy covaries significantly with behavioral specializations such as sight hunting, scent hunting, gu

272 show higher foraging site fidelity (spatial specialization) than others.

273 The fovea is a neural specialization that endows humans and other primates wit

274 he proximal tubule (PT) have unique membrane specializations that are required to maintain the high-c

275 l lepidopteran ground pattern, with no major specializations that can be attributed to their spectacu

276 driven by selection on sensory and cognitive specializations that develop in response to divergent so

277 ditory cortex (ACx) in the mouse to look for specializations that may underlie lateralization.

278 e emergent properties of the networks-social specialization (the extent to which a network is partiti

279 that the farther scientists move from their specialization, the more they rely on collaborations.

280 Furthermore, in accordance with ecological specialization theory, this defense-suppressing herbivor

281 Morphological specialization therefore constitutes an alternative path

282 rise: when scientists move out of their core specialization, they do so through collaborations.

283 Early sub-specialization through IVSR programs decreases the total

284 rinsic connections shape regional functional specialization to a varying extent, in part driven by di

285 e-off, however, may exist between phenotypic specialization to increase task efficiency and maintenan

286 ber of striking physiological and anatomical specializations to enable submillisecond sensitivity.

287 ntroversial and the nature of human-specific specialization unclear.

288 Reduced left hemispheric language specialization was observed in deletion carriers but not

289 th of individuals-rather than increased diet specialization-was strongly correlated with both food li

290 Individual specialization, when individuals exploit only a subset o

291 This is associated with reproductive specialization, where breeders invest more in fecundity

292 Furthermore, we found evidence of diet specialization with all fish maintaining a standard meta

293 is thought to be strongly linked to resource specialization with alternative resource use acting as a

294 he database revealed strong ecological niche specialization within habitats.

295 , other studies argue for a lesser degree of specialization within PFC.

296 A continued attentiveness to the specialization within the DMN allows future work to cons

297 This reveals cellular specialization within the niche: SCF from LepR(+) cells

298 evel of analysis we do not find any striking specializations within the brain of the African wild dog

299 We find sublayer-specific arbor specializations within the inner plexiform layer (IPL) t

300 This specialization would be adaptive for panoramic sampling