ライフサイエンスコーパス: sperm competition

1 density (sperm number / space available for sperm competition).

2 m can also stimulate ovulation and engage in sperm competition.

3 elsewhere on the Y chromosome and driven by sperm competition.

4 particular female) after detecting a risk of sperm competition.

5 eins (SFPs) are fundamental in fertility and sperm competition.

6 sperm motility, an important determinant in sperm competition.

7 ization in C. elegans and related studies on sperm competition.

8 ing low equilibrium levels of variability in sperm competition.

9 wild-type females, including at the level of sperm competition.

10 sperm centrioles and was possibly driven by sperm competition.

11 sheep, a primitive breed experiencing strong sperm competition.

12 ction of this micropeptide causes defects in sperm competition.

13 irgin females because of the reduced risk of sperm competition.

14 ts high levels of sexual conflict, including sperm competition.

15 elocity when faced with an increased risk of sperm competition.

16 cted F0 and DeltaF in species with increased sperm competition.

17 ance are poorly understood in the context of sperm competition.

18 in spiders may signal male quality or reduce sperm competition.

19 A. insignis is selected for post-copulatory sperm competition.

20 in mating behaviors and predicted levels of sperm competition.

21 s to have a previously unappreciated role in sperm competition.

22 role of all these candidate female genes in sperm competition.

23 improve reproductive success in the face of sperm competition.

24 sms that underlie the female contribution to sperm competition.

25 tility and, in cases of multiple mating, for sperm competition.

26 that this dimorphism evolved in response to sperm competition.

27 rences in mating rates, sperm maturation and sperm competition.

28 an adaptation likely to have been driven by sperm competition.

29 erlying reproductive phenotypes important to sperm competition.

30 y and thereby gain an advantage in intermale sperm competition.

31 and these proteins influence the outcome of sperm competition.

32 aviour of closely related sperm is driven by sperm competition.

33 emales in response to the potential level of sperm competition.

34 rm storage may underlie these differences in sperm competition.

35 ader comparative literature on adaptation to sperm competition.

36 s mutation and mating success in the face of sperm competition.

37 ut they were inferior to polygamous males in sperm competition.

38 gulation, perhaps related to post-copulatory sperm competition.

39 n the widely accepted 'sneak-guard' model of sperm competition?

40 ach to quantify genetic variation underlying sperm competition [8] [9] [10], to elucidate its genetic

41 oviding important clues to the mechanisms of sperm competition, a form of sexual selection that is an

42 last male sperm precedence, suggesting that sperm competition alone does not drive male preferences.

43 fspring because males that are successful in sperm competition also sire healthy offspring.

44 ction of post-reproductive traits related to sperm competition among males.

45 pulatory sexual selection on males (that is, sperm competition and cryptic female choice) can lead to

46 y of fertilization, especially the degree of sperm competition and egg death via polyspermy, are impo

47 es actively keeping open the opportunity for sperm competition and female choice of sperm by discrimi

48 ons related to gamete production, along with sperm competition and include three flagellar proteins u

49 ant phenomena such as cryptic female choice, sperm competition and love darts-common features of herm

50 tivity, ovulation, oogenesis, sperm storage, sperm competition and mating plug formation.

51 of these forces is sexual conflict involving sperm competition and polyspermy avoidance.

52 xternal and internal fertilization.(5)(,)(6) Sperm competition and post-copulatory cryptic female cho

53 in polygamous species with higher levels of sperm competition and production.

54 in accessory gland proteins may be driven by sperm competition and sexual conflict, processes that ma

55 dynamics of genes thought to be involved in sperm competition and sexual conflict, two processes tha

56 pes are selected under conditions of intense sperm competition and sexual conflict.

57 ht evidence for two evolutionary hypotheses: sperm competition and sexual conflict.

58 with relative testicle size, an indicator of sperm competition and sexual selection.

59 Postcopulatory sexual selection due to sperm competition and/or cryptic female choice has been

60 its effect on a male's reproductive success (sperm competition and/or mating success) rather than his

61 dual ovules in addition to male gametophyte (sperm) competition and maternal mate choice may have bee

62 , in which males compete for fertilizations (sperm competition) and females operate sperm selection a

63 ternity: by outcompeting rival ejaculates in sperm competition, and by reducing the probability that

64 oductive success, affecting spermatogenesis, sperm competition, and sperm-egg interaction.

65 These results indicate that females mediate sperm competition, and that second-male sperm precedence

66 e female's sperm storage organs, to quantify sperm competition, and to assess how closely paternity s

67 heca, which is the site of fertilization and sperm competition are normal in spe-42 mutants.

68 mating systems with relatively high and low sperm competition are therefore likely to have driven ch

69 Sperm competition arises as a result of complex interact

70 The sperm competition assays described in this study will be

71 , and the paternal signal was not visible in sperm competition assays or as allelic imbalance in sper

72 m) and number (s) under three mechanisms of sperm competition at low 'risk' levels: (i) raffle with

73 importance, however, detailed mechanisms of sperm competition at the gamete level remain poorly unde

74 e--female genotypic interaction in mediating sperm competition attests to an active role of females,

75 s) are of particular interest to theories of sperm competition because most urodele females--in contr

76 m quality has never been considered, despite sperm competition being widespread and well studied in t

77 les do not simply provide a static arena for sperm competition but rather play an active and pivotal

78 nctional traits can influence the outcome of sperm competition, but also that these traits can be mod

79 pawning in aggregations, with high levels of sperm competition, but also when spawning in pairs due t

80 e represents an adaptive response to current sperm competition, but one that comes at a cost to futur

81 ating first, males can obtain a headstart in sperm competition, but this may be negated by sperm stor

82 pulatory plug, which presumably functions in sperm competition by blocking insemination of subsequent

83 fluid (ovarian fluid) changes the outcome of sperm competition by decreasing the importance of sperm

84 s adaptive in males because females escalate sperm competition by further shortening and synchronizin

85 e of these candidate female genes may affect sperm competition by modulating the neural input of thes

86 I show that a moderate level of sperm competition can account for the observation that t

87 n cichlids provides compelling evidence that sperm competition can drive the evolution of faster, lon

88 In Drosophila, where females mate multiply, sperm competition contributes strongly to fitness variab

89 e's role in postcopulatory processes such as sperm competition, cryptic female choice, and sexually a

90 Species with greater sperm competition do not have faster rates of seminal pr

91 However, sperm competition does require normal sperm motility.

92 Paternity success across 77 two-male sperm competitions (each running over 30-day oviposition

93 Using an in vitro sperm competition experiment, we demonstrate that female

94 oninvasively screen individuals and then run sperm competition experiments between males that differ

95 We conclude that outcrossing species retain sperm competition factors that contribute to their repro

96 Sperm competition favors large, costly ejaculates, and t

97 s; increasing egg production; and modulating sperm competition, feeding behaviors, and mating plug fo

98 igate psychological responses to the risk of sperm competition for 237 men in committed, sexual relat

99 ting rates, the evolutionary consequences of sperm competition for sex chromosome meiotic drive are s

100 n (H3), a trade-off against the intensity of sperm competition (H4), and/or poor acoustic habitats (H

101 dly evolving in the animal kingdom, however, sperm competition has become widespread, with the highes

102 The frequent occurrence of sperm competition has forced males of many species to de

103 ur results indicate that sexual selection by sperm competition has influenced the evolution of a spec

104 Sperm competition has led to spectacular adaptations in

105 amination of genetic variation in aspects of sperm competition has revealed some striking patterns, p

106 respond to changes in perceived intensity of sperm competition, (ii) use the same allocation rules fo

107 s by characterizing the natural variation in sperm competition in a set of 39 lines from the sequence

108 sitive relationship between the intensity of sperm competition in a species and the strength of posit

109 The existence of sperm competition in Drosophila has been inferred from t

110 sperm investment a male may bias a potential sperm competition in his favour.

111 and empirical arguments for the existence of sperm competition in humans and discuss proposed adaptat

112 The authors first describe mechanisms of sperm competition in insects and in birds.

113 ity is one of a suite of male adaptations to sperm competition in insects.

114 f live sperm, covaried with the intensity of sperm competition in insects.

115 Sperm competition in ovaries of multiply-inseminated fem

116 ervations are consistent with high levels of sperm competition in Pan Furthermore, we inferred that t

117 Several empirical studies of sperm competition in populations polymorphic for a drivi

118 Yet, despite extensive research on sperm competition in some vertebrate taxa, very little p

119 te [12] and to discern the potential role of sperm competition in species isolation [13] [14].

120 iour of consort males, and the high level of sperm competition in this complex mating system.

121 We investigate the relationship between sperm competition intensity and sperm expenditure, both

122 t with some theoretical predictions based on sperm competition intensity, the abundance of transferre

123 ienced the highest mating success and lowest sperm competition intensity.

124 Postcopulatory sperm competition is a key aspect of sexual selection an

125 The mechanism by which sperm competition is accomplished is still unknown, howe

126 Sperm competition is extremely common in many ecological

127 Sperm competition is found across multicellular organism

128 tiple males during a single ovulatory cycle, sperm competition is hypothesized to increase the rate o

129 bra finch sperm phenotype may be low because sperm competition is infrequent in this species, and thi

130 ltruism to gain an advantage when inter-male sperm competition is intense.

131 ons, demonstrate clearly that the outcome of sperm competition is not a simple property of each male.

132 Additionally, sperm competition is not an absolute process because ooc

133 oxically, in the fruitfly Drosophila bifurca sperm competition is rife but males produce few, giant s

134 In female Drosophila melanogaster, sperm competition is strongly influenced by the timing o

135 mong the extraordinary adaptations driven by sperm competition is the cooperative behaviour of sperma

136 ponse to a perceived increase in the risk of sperm competition is well-supported, we have a poor unde

137 es are relatively large in species with high sperm competition like the chimpanzee and small in speci

138 impanzee and small in species with low or no sperm competition like the gorilla.

139 imal species may have multiple mechanisms of sperm competition like those observed here, and revealin

140 more offspring posthumously, indicating that sperm competition may be an important component of their

141 over, Acp29AB's effects on sperm storage and sperm competition may explain previously documented evid

142 Sperm competition may occur whenever sperm from more tha

143 emale reproductive tract traits that mediate sperm competition, may be an engine of speciation.

144 ng associated with positive selection due to sperm competition might explain the rapid decline in the

145 ss species and within a species, using a two sperm competition models.

146 Success in sperm competition, occurring whenever females mate with

147 Sperm competition occurs when a female copulates with tw

148 Sperm competition occurs when sperm from more than one m

149 Sperm competition occurs when the sperm of multiple male

150 ale reproductive capacity, particularly when sperm competition occurs.

151 We analyze a model of the effects of sperm competition on a driving X chromosome and show tha

152 males in direct or indirect interactions, in sperm competition or as a result of differences in attra

153 ults from postmating sexual selection (e.g., sperm competition or cryptic female choice).

154 ment to the female reproductive tract, where sperm competition or female choice of sperm could bias f

155 explained by intraspecific sexual conflict, sperm competition, or epistasis of introgressed genes on

156 female genes that are critical for mediating sperm competition outcomes.

157 We found extensive female variation in sperm competition outcomes.

158 ractory, CG14560 with a defensive measure of sperm competition (P1') and a measure of female fecundit

159 leiotropic effects [CG6168 with a measure of sperm competition (P2') and refractory, CG14560 with a d

160 ty phenotypes, female remating rate, and the sperm competition parameter, P1.

161 In a monogamous species lacking sperm competition, Peromyscus polionotus, sperm indiscri

162 lex genetic architecture of reproductive and sperm competition phenotypes and have significant implic

163 arly primates, showed that, owing to greater sperm competition, polyandrous taxa generally have physi

164 Sperm competition provides an arena in which to assess t

165 Understanding how female behavior influences sperm competition requires knowledge of the neuronal mec

166 polyandrous species (i.e., with and without sperm competition, respectively), we found that in all c

167 rrying males are particularly compromised in sperm competition, resulting in reduced reproductive suc

168 on theory, provide unequivocal evidence that sperm competition risk drives plastic adjustment of ejac

169 m(*)s(*)) increases in all three models with sperm competition risk, q.

170 ents to ejaculate performance in response to sperm competition risk; however, the mechanisms behind t

171 stigated the hypothesis that intra ejaculate sperm competition screens against the transmission of de

172 diction of sperm competition theory was that sperm competition selected for the evolution of numerous

173 ect experimental support for the theory that sperm competition selects for maximal numbers of miniatu

174 indicate that the study of female control of sperm competition should not be limited to female reprod

175 hat their presence can affect the outcome of sperm competition situations.

176 ) longevity, and (iv) total length determine sperm competition success.

177 velocity is a key spermatozoal component for sperm competition success.

178 perm velocity was the primary determinant of sperm competition success.

179 i.e., female promiscuity) leading to fiercer sperm competition than monandry.

180 The sperm competition that results from female infidelity an

181 e the disadvantage of Sex-ratio males during sperm competition, the latter change decreases the incid

182 Classical sperm competition theory addresses the positive or 'stab

183 However, recent interest in sperm competition theory has shown that prezygotic isola

184 Sperm competition theory predicts that animals face a tr

185 The earliest prediction of sperm competition theory was that sperm competition sele

186 ombined findings, completely consistent with sperm competition theory, provide unequivocal evidence t

187 males), as predicted by the lower levels of sperm competition these species experience.

188 plastically tailor ejaculate expenditure to sperm competition threat.

189 Salmo salar), a species naturally adapted to sperm competition, to examine how the relative influence

190 Between-species divergence in sperm competition traits and mechanisms prompted six a p

191 tching success, growth rate and paternity in sperm competition trials between sibling and non-sibling

192 To assess the genetic basis of sperm competition under conditions in which it occurs, I

193 asure of investment in gametes and proxy for sperm competition, we find that, while gonochoristic and

194 el, due to Parker, of sperm allocation under sperm competition, when other influences are treated in

195 Sperm competition, when sperm from different males compe

196 ay contain the sperm of both men, initiating sperm competition (whereby sperm from multiple males com

197 that paternity is determined by fair-raffle sperm competition, which should obviate local mate compe

198 , indicating higher levels of postcopulatory sperm competition, while hyoid volume decreases.

199 Sexual selection theory predicts that sperm competition will push males to produce more, small

200 mating behavior determines the intensity of sperm competition, with polyandry (i.e., female promiscu

201 ion-defective sperm were used to reveal that sperm competition within a hermaphrodite does not requir

202 the latter change decreases the incidence of sperm competition within the population.

203 ources in maintaining a lower mutation rate, sperm competition would select for males that produce la