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1 nicotine delays the development of secondary spinal motoneurons.
2 , which recognizes the surfaces of zebrafish spinal motoneurons.
3 ssed in both cerebellar Purkinje neurons and spinal motoneurons.
4  CNTFRalpha protein is androgen-regulated in spinal motoneurons.
5  highly enriched cultures of embryonic chick spinal motoneurons.
6 s onto (1) CRNs, (2) neurons in PnC, and (3) spinal motoneurons.
7 cleus reticularis pontis caudalis (PnC), and spinal motoneurons.
8 hat convey motor commands from the cortex to spinal motoneurons.
9 ST) is to convey motor commands to bulbar or spinal motoneurons.
10 S facilitates residual supraspinal inputs to spinal motoneurons.
11 rossed projection transmits more reliably to spinal motoneurons.
12  conductance and induces irregular firing in spinal motoneurons.
13 cal characteristics as ESCMNs and endogenous spinal motoneurons.
14 maging, we found that Bk strongly sensitizes spinal motoneurons.
15 y more drive to progressively less excitable spinal motoneurons.
16  by AADC cells increases the excitability of spinal motoneurons.
17 a (VMM) and spinal cord that in turn inhibit spinal motoneurons.
18  increased expression of the p75 receptor by spinal motoneurons.
19 ce changes, through selective recruitment of spinal motoneurons.
20 GABA and AMPA quantal amplitude in embryonic spinal motoneurons.
21 lopment of the mammalian pituitary gland and spinal motoneurons.
22 tical neurons the role normally performed by spinal motoneurons.
23  as corticospinal tract (CTS) projections to spinal motoneurons.
24  the control of cortical neurons rather than spinal motoneurons.
25     This plasticity optimizes the control of spinal motoneurons.
26  directly cause muscle contraction just like spinal motoneurons.
27 al pathway, which links the motor cortex and spinal motoneurones.
28  depolarizing- hyperpolarizing potentials in spinal motoneurons; (2) the depolarizing potentials decr
29 ated the synaptology of retrogradely labeled spinal motoneurons after injection of horseradish peroxi
30 ex, a simple learning model, changes the rat spinal motoneuron AIS.
31                             The dendrites of spinal motoneurons amplify synaptic inputs to a marked d
32 sent data using VSC 4.1 cell line, a ventral spinal motoneuron and neuroblastoma hybrid cell line.
33  they reach their final location next to the spinal motoneurons and are functionally heterogeneous.
34 re characterized by similarities to those of spinal motoneurons and by their relatively large numbers
35                                              Spinal motoneurons and dorsal horn neurons were isolated
36 ed from motor cortex (M1) and transmitted to spinal motoneurons and effector muscles.
37 ession are seen in certain cranial nerve and spinal motoneurons and in small populations of neurons i
38 Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from spinal motoneurons and interneurons, we describe a long-
39 tone depends on the level of excitability of spinal motoneurons and interneurons.
40 n is essential for the normal development of spinal motoneurons and is required for the development o
41 ere further validated in cortical organoids, spinal motoneurons and non-neural lineages including mel
42 in vivo paired recordings between identified spinal motoneurons and skeletal muscle cells in larval z
43 related to both the descending inhibition of spinal motoneurons and suppression of activity in supras
44 y imagery-related subthreshold activation of spinal motoneurons and/or interneurons, rather than by l
45 ker currents can act as leak conductances in spinal motoneurons, and also control long-term modulatio
46 (approximately 40%; [21]) and cultured P7-P8 spinal motoneurons (approximately 70%).
47                             The dendrites of spinal motoneurones are highly active, generating a stro
48                                     Although spinal motoneurons are a major target of spinal interneu
49                                    Mammalian spinal motoneurons are considered to be output elements
50                                              Spinal motoneurons are highly vulnerable in amyotrophic
51                            AIS properties of spinal motoneurons are likely to reflect the combined in
52 uscle cell ablation revealed that almost all spinal motoneurons are lost by E18.5, providing strong e
53                                              Spinal motoneurons are more susceptible to AMPA receptor
54                         In larval zebrafish, spinal motoneurons are recruited in a topographic gradie
55 ing adaptations occurring in the activity of spinal motoneurons are still unexplored.
56                                      Because spinal motoneurons are the final common pathway for beha
57 kinase in these pathways, have twice as many spinal motoneurons as do their wild-type littermates.
58                                     We chose spinal motoneurons as our target neural system, since mo
59                               In contrast to spinal motoneurons, axonal L-type channels enhance firin
60                                              Spinal motoneurons become hyperexcitable after SCI, but
61 tinuous communication between the cortex and spinal motoneurons, but the neurophysiological basis of
62     We elicited repetitive discharges in cat spinal motoneurones by injecting noisy current waveforms
63 upscaling could be triggered in chick embryo spinal motoneurons by complete blockade of spiking or GA
64  gene (Adv.EFalpha-NT3) was delivered to the spinal motoneurons by retrograde transport through the s
65 ynaptic inhibition (I) and excitation (E) to spinal motoneurons can provide an important insight into
66 stem (hiPS) cells into midbrain dopamine and spinal motoneurons confirms the robustness and general a
67 rojects to cortical neurons, and projects to spinal motoneurons controlling hand muscles.
68                                       Unlike spinal motoneurons controlling postural muscles that are
69                                           In spinal motoneurones cultured from presymptomatic mice ex
70                                           In spinal motoneurons, dendrites have voltage-activated per
71 vealed that the excitatory synaptic input to spinal motoneurones during fictive swimming in Xenopus t
72 itation to EPSPs measured in Xenopus tadpole spinal motoneurones during swimming.
73 , providing strong evidence that survival of spinal motoneurons during embryogenesis is dependent on
74 e compare conductance and firing patterns in spinal motoneurons during network activity for scratchin
75 control the gain of motor cortical inputs to spinal motoneurons during precision grip of a small obje
76     High-conductance states were observed in spinal motoneurons during rhythmic motor behavior.
77 regular firing, and increased conductance in spinal motoneurons during scratch and swim network activ
78                This was previously shown for spinal motoneurons during scratching.
79 mbined with laser-capture microdissection of spinal motoneurons during the myelinogenic phase of deve
80 hibition decreased during precision grip and spinal motoneuron excitability remained unchanged in all
81 e findings indicate that (1) embryonic avian spinal motoneurons express functional PAR-1 and (2) acti
82 ppression of voluntary electromyography) and spinal motoneurons (F-waves) in an intrinsic hand muscle
83 ppression of voluntary electromyography) and spinal motoneurons (F-waves) in intrinsic hand muscles w
84 ic contacts made between sensory neurons and spinal motoneurons following peripheral nerve injury and
85 ndamental electrophysiological properties of spinal motoneurons follows the same rostro-caudal sequen
86                                 We generated spinal motoneurons from embryonic stem (ES) cells to det
87 glycine receptor (GlyR)-mediated currents in spinal motoneurons from these transgenic mice.
88                             Previous work in spinal motoneurons had shown that reducing spontaneous n
89                              Degeneration of spinal motoneurons has been well documented in amyotroph
90 docaine in vivo triggers synaptic scaling in spinal motoneurons; here we show that AMPAergic scaling
91 escending synaptic inputs to multifunctional spinal motoneurons (i.e., involved in respiration and lo
92 n of tau in hippocampal CA3 Mossy fibers and spinal motoneurons in a hypothermia-induced tau hyperpho
93   We find deficits in retrograde labeling of spinal motoneurons in both a knock-in (KI) and a myogeni
94                               In contrast to spinal motoneurons in both cats and rats, the larger DRG
95  and cholinergic immunoreactive terminals on spinal motoneurons in mice expressing a mutant form of h
96 lopment alters the dendritic arborization of spinal motoneurons in ovo.
97 stence of commissural neurons with access to spinal motoneurons in primate cervical spinal cord that
98 rt survival of no more than 10% of embryonic spinal motoneurons in the absence of muscle-derived sign
99 use of intracellular recording techniques in spinal motoneurons in the adult cat.
100 ding techniques, we examined the response of spinal motoneurons in the cat to electrical stimulation
101 gotes showed an approximate 60% reduction of spinal motoneurons in the lumbar region and a more than
102 801 had no effect on non-androgen-responsive spinal motoneurons in the neighboring retrodorsolateral
103 Primary motoneurons, the earliest developing spinal motoneurons in zebrafish, have highly stereotyped
104 ntage of a topographic map of recruitment of spinal motoneurons in zebrafish.
105       These channels are widely expressed in spinal motoneurons, including those innervating the diap
106 postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), E(IPSP), in spinal motoneurons, increases the cell membrane expressi
107                                      Second, spinal motoneurons innervating one of these muscles, the
108 mpensatory increases in synaptic strength of spinal motoneuron inputs.
109 ty may modulate descending synaptic drive to spinal motoneurons involved in both respiration and loco
110              The rhythmic firing behavior of spinal motoneurons is a function of their electrical pro
111 s that inhibitory interneuron innervation of spinal motoneurons is abnormal in an amyotrophic lateral
112 ggest that excitability and/or activation of spinal motoneurons is augmented after AIH, providing a m
113 study showed that glycinergic innervation of spinal motoneurons is deficient in an ALS mouse model ex
114 ergic (5-HT) and noradrenergic (NA) input to spinal motoneurons is essential for generating plateau p
115  postnatal period, dendritic growth in other spinal motoneurons is regulated by N-methyl-D-aspartate
116 nificance of neurotrophin mRNA expression in spinal motoneurons is supported by immunohistochemical l
117 escending inputs from effectively activating spinal motoneurons, leading to loss of motor control.
118                                              Spinal motoneurons, like many neurons, respond with repe
119 de dismutase-1 (SOD1)(G93A) mutant decreased spinal motoneuron loss.
120         These results clarify new aspects of spinal motoneurons malfunction in ALS.
121 the greater AMPA receptor current density of spinal motoneurons may be sufficient to account for thei
122 les of the chick embryo during the period of spinal motoneuron (MN) programmed cell death, and its re
123                             Embryonic lumbar spinal motoneurons (MNs) are characterized by a period o
124 ipulate the enlargement of EPSPs produced in spinal motoneurons (MNs) by IA afferents 3 d after nerve
125 determine whether serotonergic modulation of spinal motoneurons (MNs) contributes to motor deficits,
126 lectrophysiology to test the responsivity of spinal motoneurons (MNs) from neonatal control and hypox
127 ge-dependent morphological changes of lumbar spinal motoneurons (MNs) in neonatal Swiss-Webster mice
128                                              Spinal motoneurons (MNs) in the chick embryo undergo pro
129                     The death of cranial and spinal motoneurons (MNs) is believed to be an essential
130 ts (POCs) have never been examined before in spinal motoneurons (MNs) of symptomatic amyotrophic late
131 ious simulation work suggested that pools of spinal motoneurons (MNs) receiving a common beta input c
132 and physiological properties of adult turtle spinal motoneurons (MNs) vs. interneurons (INs).
133  in the central nervous system, including in spinal motoneurons (MNs) where they aggregate as distinc
134 te the excitability and firing behaviours of spinal motoneurons (MNs).
135 cution relies on precise input processing by spinal motoneurons (MNs).
136  mediation of the postsynaptic inhibition of spinal motoneurons necessary for the motor atonia of rap
137 increased mouse survival, motor function and spinal motoneuron number.
138                            Regular firing in spinal motoneurons of red-eared turtles (Trachemys scrip
139  mRNA for each of these neurotrophins within spinal motoneurons of the adult and in early postnatal d
140        It is well documented that the lumbar spinal motoneurons of the chick embryo undergo a period
141 e show that, of the two classes of zebrafish spinal motoneurons, only the later growing secondary mot
142 iPSCMNs and how they compare with endogenous spinal motoneurons or embryonic stem cell-derived motone
143 ation of PSCs into specialized cells such as spinal motoneurons or midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons has
144              Since the majority of inputs to spinal motoneurones originate from intrinsic spinal prem
145 de-afferented red nucleus and the denervated spinal motoneurons (p<0.05).
146 areas appear to have direct connections with spinal motoneurons, particularly those innervating muscl
147 ons, we show that sustained beta inputs to a spinal motoneuron pool at physiologically reported level
148 icantly larger than the load response in the spinal motoneuron population.
149 ver, the mechanisms of these adaptations for spinal motoneurons remain underexplored.
150 ts that alterations in ionic conductances in spinal motoneurones, specifically the manifestation of p
151 ing direct excitatory connections to cortico-spinal motoneurons, stimulation of the motor thalamus co
152                 The dependence of developing spinal motoneuron survival on a soluble factor(s) from t
153                  Patch clamp recordings from spinal motoneurons tested whether gap junction blockers
154 t of H-reflex conditioning on the AIS of the spinal motoneuron that produces the reflex.
155 ese areas produce appropriate control of the spinal motoneurons that activate muscles.
156 recruitment pattern and output properties of spinal motoneurons that can together generate appropriat
157 vide a significant, direct synaptic input to spinal motoneurons that innervate hindlimb muscles.
158 cal and morphological properties of neonatal spinal motoneurons that occur by 10 d after birth, long
159  is also required at much earlier stages for spinal motoneurons to accurately execute their first maj
160  the outcome of CNS activity from control of spinal motoneurons to, instead, control of the cortical
161  and distribution of the whole population of spinal motoneurons, to define the extent of their centra
162                                              Spinal motoneurons transmit signals to skeletal muscles
163 tions between corticospinal tract fibres and spinal motoneurones undergo activity-dependent reorganiz
164 tions between corticospinal tract fibres and spinal motoneurones undergo activity-dependent reorganiz
165 atal mouse that mediates synaptic effects on spinal motoneurons via parallel uncrossed and crossed pa
166  BSA on the retrograde response of adult rat spinal motoneurones were quantified at 7 days.
167 escending synaptic inputs to multifunctional spinal motoneurons were frequency-dependent and heterosy
168                                              Spinal motoneurons which innervate muscles associated wi
169   Humans have direct cortical connections to spinal motoneurons, which bypass spinal interneurons and
170  of synapses between corticospinal axons and spinal motoneurons, which can be modulated by the precis
171  this resource to human disease, we analyzed spinal motoneurons, which degenerate in amyotrophic late
172 which degenerate in Parkinson's disease, for spinal motoneurons, which die in Lou Gehrig's disease (A
173         All motor commands are processed via spinal motoneurons, whose intrinsic electrical propertie
174                              Transduction of spinal motoneurons with Adv.EFalpha-NT3 resulted in a si

 
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