ライフサイエンスコーパス: spiny

1 Qualitatively, the range of spiny and aspiny neurons across the three species was si

2 small (<10 cm) bilaterian with five pairs of spiny anterior arms, an elongated body, and a swollen po

3 rsity, we examined sleep architecture in the spiny basal murid rodent Acomys cahirinus.

4 avior by coordinating the networks of medium spiny cells that relay motor output.

5 Spiny damselfish (Acanthochromis polyacanthus) exposed t

6 Furthermore, thalamic boutons in M1 targeted spiny dendrites exclusively, whereas approximately 9% of

7 matic diameter), possess tortuous, partially spiny dendrites, and are rostrally biased in their posit

8 stratum oriens or pyramidale, have sparsely spiny dendrites, and do not typically express somatostat

9 The majority of samples were identified as Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias), which is critically e

10 In contrast, the potential for overlap of spiny dogfish with prey species was enhanced by warming,

11 While spiny excitatory synapses can be stable throughout adult

12 Its spiny, highly branched dendritic arbor is bistratified,

13 induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in medium spiny-like neurons generated from stem cells derived fro

14 s with two gastropod predators-the Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) and the grunt black marg

15 longest pelagic larval phases, the Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus).

16 we undertake the first analysis of Caribbean spiny lobster diet using a stable isotope approach (carb

17 postlarvae in the Florida Keys and adults of spiny lobster from the Florida Keys and throughout the C

18 important juvenile habitat for the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus.

19 duced-pH seawater altered the orientation of spiny lobster pueruli toward chemical cues produced by L

20 different realistic propagation conditions, spiny lobster sounds can be detectable up to several kil

21 mitted estimation of the detection ranges of spiny lobster sounds.

22 l pathway was previously unrecognized in the spiny lobster's diet, and these results are the first em

23 The Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, is one of the most valua

24 Bay, an important nursery for the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus.

25 of the sounds from various sizes of European spiny lobsters (Palinurus elephas), recorded between 0.5

26 atogastric nervous system of male and female spiny lobsters (Panulirus interruptus), focused on dynam

27 ges on the survival, growth, and movement of spiny lobsters is growing, the effect on their chemosens

28 ed significantly with body size, the largest spiny lobsters producing SL up to 167 dB re 1 uPa(2).

29 chemical cues from conspecifics are used by spiny lobsters to identify suitable shelter and cues fro

30 dies of hermit crabs, crayfish and lobsters, spiny lobsters, and shrimps are homologous to insect mus

31 s: the reptantian infraorders represented by spiny lobsters, lobsters, and crayfish.

32 een 5 and 410 m for the smallest and largest spiny lobsters, respectively.

33 p19 in cells from mice and rats, cells from spiny mice and rabbits are highly resistant to H(2)O(2).

34 cies, here we show that several Acomys spp. (spiny mice) and Oryctolagus cuniculus completely regener

35 The spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) appears to be unique amon

36 ighlighting the phylogenetic position of the spiny mouse relative to other rodents.

37 The spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus displays a unique wound he

38 The spiny mouse, Acomys spp., is a recently described model

39 odel of epimorphic regeneration, the African spiny mouse, to examine cell-based inflammation and test

40 accumulation of DeltaFosB in the two medium spiny neuron (MSN) subtypes in this region.

41 reward circuitry, is comprised of two medium spiny neuron (MSN) subtypes that are classified by their

42 ine action in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neuron (MSN) subtypes, those enriched in dopamine

43 tion, RGS9 (through its inhibition of medium spiny neuron D(2)R signaling) suppresses motor dysfuncti

44 pled receptor that modulates striatal medium spiny neuron excitability.

45 M(1) receptors are known to modulate medium spiny neuron responses to corticostriatal glutamatergic

46 annabinoid-dependent inhibition of D1 medium spiny neuron terminals in the lateral hypothalamus that

47 gests that A(2A)R-containing indirect medium spiny neuronal activation reduces ethanol-containing rew

48 ng showed a reduction of the indirect medium spiny neuronal activity in the dorsomedial striatum.

49 - and D2-dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-/D2-MSNs) comprise the nucleus accumbe

50 etic inhibition of dorsal striatum D1-medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) in both juvenile and young-adult

51 mpus (VH) excitatory synapses onto D1 medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens medial

52 Nucleus accumbens dopamine 1 receptor medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) play a critical role in the deve

53 , the dopamine D1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) within this region, which have b

54 in D(1) and D(2) receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1/2-MSNs).

55 hed in dopamine receptor 1 containing medium spiny neurons (D1R-MSNs) of the striatum.

56 ion of dopamine 1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1R-MSNs).

57 e receptor type 2-expressing striatal medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) are particularly affected, we hy

58 sing Egr3 in D(2) receptor-containing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) before drug exposure reduces the

59 es of dopamine D2-receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs), one of the major cell types in

60 striatal direct- and indirect-pathway medium spiny neurons (dMSNs and iMSNs) and optically stimulated

61 NAc direct and indirect pathway medium spiny neurons (dMSNs and iMSNs) can have oppositional co

62 ed in the direct and indirect pathway medium spiny neurons (dMSNs and iMSNs, respectively), 5-HT6 rec

63 D2Rs from indirect pathway-projecting medium spiny neurons (iMSNs) impairs locomotor activities in a

64 receptor (A(2A)R)-containing indirect medium spiny neurons (iMSNs) in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS)

65 pressed virally in "indirect pathway" medium spiny neurons (iMSNs) in the ventral striatum of D2R kno

66 eceptors (D2Rs) from indirect-pathway medium spiny neurons (iMSNs) is sufficient to impair locomotor

67 estin signaling in 'indirect pathway' medium spiny neurons (iMSNs), because of their central role in

68 ory and inhibitory balance between D1 medium spiny neurons (MSN) and D2 MSN mediates this behavioral

69 The medium spiny neurons (MSN) that give rise to these pathways are

70 atal projection neurons are GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSN), expressing either the dopamine rece

71 strength onto nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons (MSN).

72 ine D2 receptor (D2R) in the striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) (iMSN-D2RKO).

73 ptional regulation of marker genes of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) allowed best discriminating between

74 rinsic excitability of striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) and anxiety levels.

75 Finally, since both D2-medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and D2-expressing choline acetyltra

76 We found that DMS medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs

77 nd striatopallidal (indirect pathway) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and its relevance to repetitive gro

78 increased spontaneous activity of D1 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and profoundly decreased D2 MSN pro

79 Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are a key population in the basal g

80 ne subtype 2 (D2) receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are selectively vulnerable to Tat e

81 of dopamine release and activation of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are sufficient to drive reinforceme

82 onigral (SN) and striatopallidal (SP) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) as playing a key role.

83 g postsynaptic M1 mAChRs expressed on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) at the origin of the indirect stria

84 e 2 (D2) receptor-expressing striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) by breeding transgenic Tat-expressi

85 w they may be specialized to regulate medium spiny neurons (MSNs) by responding to, and altering, exc

86 Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) comprise over 90% of cells in the s

87 ntribution to activity in networks of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) during behavior.

88 rdinated activation of two classes of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing D1 or D2 dopamine recept

89 cally involved in addiction, contains medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing dopamine D1 or D2 recept

90 -regulation occurs selectively in NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing dopamine D2 receptors (D

91 from an imbalance in the activity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from the direct (dMSNs) and indirec

92 involved in mitochondrial dynamics in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a

93 tural and physiological plasticity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) have been linked to increased stres

94 dendritic spine analyses on striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in drug-naive rAAV-injected male pa

95 Cell sorting of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in indirect MSNs and direct MSNs in

96 nd dopamine Drd1- and Drd2-expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in NAc core and shell during the in

97 efrontal cortex (PFC) onto identified medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the adult accumbens core.

98 disambiguated synapses onto D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the adult male mouse NAc core.

99 whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the NAc and determined the role

100 onto D(1) receptor-expressing [D1(+)] medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the NAc core.

101 n dopamine D1 or D2 subpopulations of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the NAc, we found that SIRT1 pro

102 Preclinical evidence suggests that medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) unde

103 and morphology of dendritic spines on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a c

104 ng glutamatergic neurotransmission at medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a r

105 n (t-SP) at glutamatergic synapses on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens core (NAco

106 w that chemogenetically inhibiting D1 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens-a populati

107 Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) mediate NAc output by projecting to

108 logical alterations in striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) of 2 HD mouse models.

109 f GlyRs in accumbal dopamine receptor medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of C57BL/6J mice, analysing mRNA ex

110 nd functional synaptic alterations in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of nucleus accumbens (NAc).

111 timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the core nucleus accumbens (NAc)

112 imbalance in the activity of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the direct (dMSNs) and indirect

113 induces mushroom spinogenesis in the medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the dorsal striatum in rats, whi

114 d D2Rs, which are highly expressed in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the dorsomedial striatum (DMS),

115 Ac and their modulation by ethanol in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the mouse nAc.

116 1 and D2 dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the NAc of PV+ interneuron silen

117 1 and D2 dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are

118 plasticity at excitatory synapses on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) driv

119 in the reward system, specifically in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus Accumbens (nAc).

120 Subtypes of nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons (MSNs) promote dichotomous outcomes in mot

121 ecordings in nucleus accumbens (NAcc) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) revealed reciprocal changes in spon

122 The DMS is comprised of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that project directly (dMSNs) or in

123 or adenosine A2a receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) to determine the role of 2-AG signa

124 We found that striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) triggered astrocyte signaling via g

125 daptations in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) underlie stress-induced depression-

126 Individual medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the VS serve as a site of co

127 during drug seeking in both D1 and D2-medium spiny neurons (MSNs), but increased p-cofilin was observ

128 The NAc consists largely of medium spiny neurons (MSNs), distinguished by their predominant

129 ure alters dopamine (DA) responses in medium spiny neurons (MSNs), Muntean et al. used a novel cAMP s

130 ty of nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) medium spiny neurons (MSNs), one hallmark of cocaine addiction,

131 gically, the complexities of striatal median spiny neurons (MSNs), parvalbumin-positive interneurons

132 ed cell type-specific distinctions in medium spiny neurons (MSNs), the main projection neurons in the

133 a large population of human striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), the main target of neurodegenerati

134 gh the functional output of principle medium spiny neurons (MSNs), whereas dysfunctional output of NA

135 c currents (EPSCs) in NAcSh principal medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

136 D2 dopamine receptor (D2R)-expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

137 ing ACC inputs to individual striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

138 ward region composed predominantly of medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

139 behaviors partially by activating NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

140 in dendritic spine morphology of NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

141 itic spine density in striatopallidal medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

142 n each of the two distinct classes of medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

143 pamine receptor-1 (D1) containing NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

144 te striatal glutamatergic inputs onto medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

145 synaptic activity of the two types of medium spiny neurons (MSNs): direct and indirect pathway MSNs.

146 label about 1% striatal D1-expressing medium spiny neurons and allow visualization of their dendrites

147 n and Egr-1/Zif268 upregulation in D1-medium spiny neurons and cocaine-induced behaviors, including l

148 , affecting most prominently striatal medium spiny neurons and cortical pyramidal neurons.

149 fferent aspects of HD pathogenesis in medium-spiny neurons and highlight a complex relationship betwe

150 in turn lead to hyperexcitability of medium spiny neurons and OCD-like behavior.

151 ons, we show that dCA1 PYRs drive NAc medium spiny neurons and orchestrate their spiking activity usi

152 motor region to the striatum that avoids the spiny neurons and selectively innervates interneurons.

153 model system incorporating GABAergic medium spiny neurons and the HEK293 cells, stably expressing di

154 GABAergic medium spiny neurons are the main neuronal population in the st

155 uced plasticity, and define NAc shell medium spiny neurons as a primary site of persistent AMPA-type

156 unchanged pPKA substrate levels in D1 medium spiny neurons as well as in cholinergic interneurons.

157 Our data show that whether core NAc medium spiny neurons belong to the direct or indirect pathways

158 in striatonigral and striatopallidal medium spiny neurons but not in several interneuron populations

159 ation did not induce excitatory responses in spiny neurons but rather disynaptic inhibitory responses

160 s to basally control PP2A in striatal medium spiny neurons but that dopamine acting via PKA inactivat

161 or optogenetic activation of indirect medium spiny neurons dampened operant conditioned ethanol-conta

162 pression of Auts2 or Caln1 in D2-type medium spiny neurons demonstrated that both genes promote cocai

163 ls and mice expressing mutant Htt, in medium spiny neurons derived from human HD iPSCs and in brain s

164 nce of excitation and inhibition onto medium spiny neurons determines the output of this structure.

165 iors, and new understanding of how D1-medium spiny neurons encode the experience of psychomotor stimu

166 erexpression of FosB in striatonigral medium spiny neurons exacerbated dyskinetic behavior, whereas o

167 on the inputs from nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons expressing either the D1 or the D2 dopamin

168 delta specifically in the striatum of medium spiny neurons in mice yielded HD-like motor phenotypes,

169 ne-induced changes in excitability of medium spiny neurons in nucleus accumbens and gating the compos

170 of the ability to specifically target medium spiny neurons in the "direct" pathway associated with pr

171 c cortex exerts direct influence over medium spiny neurons in the dorsomedial striatum to represent t

172 idal neurons and, to a lesser extent, medium spiny neurons in the dorsomedial striatum.

173 ty in dopamine D2 receptor-expressing medium-spiny neurons in the indirect, striatopallidal pathway i

174 FC inputs to D(1) receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons in the NAcS.

175 - and dopamine D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens shell.

176 Furthermore, medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens, an area implicat

177 dministration specifically in D2-type medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens, an effect seen i

178 ediated excitation of D(1)-expressing medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens.

179 als modulated time-related ramping of medium spiny neurons in the striatum.

180 that activation of Group I mGluRs in medium spiny neurons induces trafficking of GluA2 from the endo

181 bindin is preferentially expressed in medium spiny neurons involved in the indirect pathway.

182 Medium spiny neurons mature electrophysiologically following as

183 s as well as en masse contractions in medium spiny neurons of HD mouse striatum.

184 cultured neuroendocrine cells; in D1 medium spiny neurons of NAc slices; and in either male or femal

185 -soluble proteins highly expressed in medium spiny neurons of striatum that are phosphorylated in res

186 sm of signal transduction enriched in medium spiny neurons of striatum that likely mediates effects o

187 te differently synaptic plasticity in medium spiny neurons of the accumbens direct and indirect pathw

188 inking ventral hippocampal outputs to medium spiny neurons of the accumbens may be key sites for the

189 By acting in the striatal medium spiny neurons of the direct pathway, NF1 regulates opioi

190 es the density of dendritic spines on medium spiny neurons of the NAc; however, the underlying transc

191 dritic "long thin" spines observed in medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell of al

192 d the associated hyperexcitability of medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens.

193 -specific enrichments in the D1(+) and D2(+) spiny neurons of the striatum.

194 rmed in NAcS D(1) receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons receiving vmPFC input to examine punishmen

195 ceptor 2a in the striatum, markers of medium spiny neurons signaling via the indirect pathway, associ

196 al excitability, and the inability of medium spiny neurons to regulate activity-induced gene expressi

197 and found that the basal ganglia and medium spiny neurons were most enriched for AN-OCD risk, consis

198 lectively recruits feedforward inhibition of spiny neurons without any accompanying excitation.

199 which is highly expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons, acts as a selective inhibitor of certain

200 on of synaptic signalling in striatal medium spiny neurons, adult nigral dopaminergic neurons and fro

201 ic synapses on nucleus accumbens core medium spiny neurons, but it is unknown how achieving drug use

202 derived stem cells and differentiated medium spiny neurons, FAN1 knockdown increases CAG repeat expan

203 naling in SNc DA neurons and striatal medium spiny neurons, respectively.

204 study specifically Drd1a versus Drd2 medium spiny neurons, revealed that developmental CK1delta OE a

205 nergic interneuron synapses on to DMS medium spiny neurons, suggesting that MOR synaptic plasticity i

206 changes in the morphology of striatal medium spiny neurons, the density of dendritic spines, or the d

207 of gene expression in dorsal striatum medium spiny neurons-unlike most other modules, which showed no

208 d altered the spine morphology of NAc medium spiny neurons.

209 ticostriatal projections and striatal medium spiny neurons.

210 y at the best frequencies in striatal medium spiny neurons.

211 ons occur only in the D1(+) subset of medium spiny neurons.

212 e transcriptomic profiles of striatal medium spiny neurons.

213 wide-range of frequencies in striatal medium spiny neurons.

214 preferentially occurs in the striatal medium spiny neurons.

215 nduced degeneration of striatal medium-sized spiny neurons.

216 d expression of both genes in D2-type medium spiny neurons.

217 transient window of disinhibition for medium spiny neurons.

218 ion in dopamine receptor 1-expressing medium spiny neurons.

219 ral dopaminergic neurons and striatal medium spiny neurons.

220 the converted neurons were DARPP32(+) medium spiny neurons.

221 iatum and include electrically active medium spiny neurons.

222 ns primarily function to downregulate medium spiny projection neuron (MSN) activity via monosynaptic

223 o optogenetically disconnect the interneuron-spiny projection neuron (SPN) cell circuit on a trial-by

224 mposed largely of a single neuron class: the spiny projection neuron (SPN).

225 hus, PKA-dependent pathways in each class of spiny projection neuron are asynchronously engaged by po

226 n of protein kinase A (PKA) in each class of spiny projection neuron(2).

227 dritic spines on the indirect pathway medium spiny projection neuron, indicative of decreased numbers

228 d excitability of NAc shell indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs) and altered their synap

229 re causally attributed to AMPARs in indirect spiny projection neurons (iSPNs) and to excess phasic fi

230 ptic activation of striatal indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs).

231 ssion onto this structure's principal medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs), providing a potential m

232 + channel type 2 (Kir2) channels in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) - not NMDA receptors.

233 xcitability and functional synaptic input in spiny projection neurons (SPNs) and fast-spiking interne

234 hway (dopamine D1 receptor-containing; D1R-) spiny projection neurons (SPNs) co-release the opioid ne

235 f cortical excitatory synapses onto striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) early in the YAC128 mous

236 with an emphasis on defining whether and how spiny projection neurons (SPNs) engage in the synchroniz

237 onal activation marker in large ensembles of spiny projection neurons (SPNs) expressing dopamine rece

238 ession of IEGs (Arc, Egr2, and Nr4a1) within spiny projection neurons (SPNs) in the dorsal striatum o

239 ity in striatal direct- and indirect-pathway spiny projection neurons (SPNs) is critical for proper m

240 ith unbiased stimulation: striatal D1 and D2 spiny projection neurons (SPNs) receive balanced cortica

241 Striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) receive convergent excit

242 em from the disproportionate firing rates of spiny projection neurons (SPNs) therein.

243 ssing interneurons than D1- or D2-expressing spiny projection neurons (SPNs), an effect not observed

244 LRRK2 is a kinase expressed in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs), cells which lose dopami

245 maintenance of dendritic spines on striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs), corticostriatal short-t

246 togenesis and are highest in dorsal striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs), we tested the hypothesi

247 minals, and in developing and adult striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs).

248 ity of striatal direct- and indirect-pathway spiny projection neurons (SPNs).

249 dopamine D2 receptors expressed by striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs).

250 nputs in mouse striosome and matrix striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs).

251 city by electrophysiological recordings from spiny projection neurons and cholinergic interneurons.

252 s strengthened by at least sixfold onto both spiny projection neurons and fast-spiking interneurons i

253 hole-cell patch-clamp recordings of striatal spiny projection neurons and histamine superfusion demon

254 interneurons can regulate the firing of the spiny projection neurons and inhibit the striatal output

255 tex and the thalamus innervate both striatal spiny projection neurons and interneurons.

256 ostsynaptic AMPA receptor currents in medium spiny projection neurons expressing the D1 dopamine rece

257 The amygdala activates spiny projection neurons in the DLS.

258 e, and provide a teaching signal to striatal spiny projection neurons in the form of dopamine release

259 r levels of dopamine and net PKA activity in spiny projection neurons in the nucleus accumbens of mic

260 ole of the direct (dSPN) and indirect (iSPN) spiny projection neurons in the pDMS in such actions rem

261 e findings with cholinergic interneurons and spiny projection neurons in the striatum.

262 The principal neurons of the striatum, spiny projection neurons of the direct (dSPN) and indire

263 ime relationship between dopamine and PKA in spiny projection neurons remains untested in behaving an

264 s greater onto the somata of dorsal striatal spiny projection neurons than onto the somata of dopamin

265 Modulations of PKA in spiny projection neurons that express type-1 and type-2

266 orward mechanism mediating the inhibition of spiny projection neurons through the selective activatio

267 In striatal spiny projection neurons, the most vulnerable cell type

268 acid-mediated synaptic inhibition of medium spiny projection neurons.

269 rcuitry and is comprised primarily of medium spiny projection neurons.

270 urons that monosynaptically inhibit striatal spiny projection neurons.

271 behaviorally relevant cholinergic signals to spiny projection neurons.

272 thermore, they produce uniform inhibition of spiny projection neurons.

273 t upregulation of innate immune signaling in spiny projection neurons.

274 ncurrent fluctuations in the PKA activity of spiny projection neurons.

275 ynaptic terminals of direct pathway striatal spiny projections neurons.

276 8 million years ago, in the ancestor of most spiny-rayed fish.

277 ctinopterygian subgroup, the acanthomorph or spiny-rayed fishes.

278 With approximately 450 species, spiny Solanum species constitute the largest monophyleti

279 Barrel cortex layer IV spiny stellate cells (bSCs) are the primary recipients o

280 thway: from relay neurons in the thalamus to spiny stellate cells in layer 4 of the primary visual co

281 esponses in the majority of pyramidal cells, spiny stellate cells, and interneurons within the extras

282 gical and functional development of layer IV spiny stellate glutamatergic neurons receiving sensory i

283 lexity of the dendritic branches in layer IV spiny stellate neurons is reduced.

284 The dendritic spine density of mGluR5 KO spiny stellate neurons was significantly higher than in

285 In layer 3C, spiny stellate neurons were distributed mainly in foveal

286 4) development of functional connectivity in spiny stellate neurons.

287 he anesthetized cat to a detailed model of a spiny stellate V1 neuron, we found that output spike tim

288 n and thick stripes, but one type, the giant spiny-stellate neuron, resembling L4B neurons projecting

289 contribution of L4B inputs from M-dominated spiny stellates compared with thin stripes.

290 ver, receive a much larger contribution from spiny stellates than previously shown for V2 overall, in

291 lar (P) information to downstream areas, and spiny stellates, which carry only M information.

292 M) and parvocellular (P) visual signals, and spiny stellates, which carry only M signals.

293 mice, PDE10A is equally expressed in medium spiny striatal neurons and in their projections to entop

294 In medium-size, spiny striatal neurons of the direct pathway, dopamine D

295 Htt(Q111) mice, of Hdac2 or Hdac3 in medium-spiny striatal neurons that exhibit extensive CAG expans

296 However, instead of making normal spiny synapses, the presynaptic structures in betaIII sp

297 Shaft SER remained more abundant in spiny than aspiny dendritic regions, apparently supporti

298 Of these taxa, the spiny water flea (Bythotrephes longimanus) most prospere

299 asion and proliferation of a novel predator (spiny waterflea, Bythotrephes longimanus).

300 other eutherian mammals, these were usually spiny, which contrasts with their adult, aspiny equivale