ライフサイエンスコーパス: spiral

1 nd Implementation RAtionale for Lung cancer (SPIRAL).

2 e mechanical gain spectra along the cochlear spiral.

3 e peroxisomal fatty acid (FA) beta-oxidation spiral.

4 tic field control of the incommensurate spin spiral.

5 rm within the attractor region of the stable spiral.

6 drolysis with the subunits' positions in the spiral.

7 fore ESCRT-III rings expand into helices and spirals.

8 ance is fueled by such antibiotic-resistance spirals.

9 expenditure associated with the recurrent SD spirals.

10 to a much lesser extent 3R tau) also formed spirals.

11 raped over nanoparticles near the centers of spirals.

12 enhance directional propagation and suppress spiraling.

13 g was performed with a prototypical stack-of-spirals 3D UTE sequence during single breath holds (echo

14 other regimes, spatial correlations promote spiraling, a surprising feature that we explain by demon

15 ctively evaluated and underwent a high-pitch spiral acquisition CT scan.

16 tion - 80x0.5 mm, scanning range in a single spiral acquisition from the skull to the proximal femora

17 or was assessed using accelerometry, digital spiral analysis, and a standard clinical rating scale at

18 of theoretical plates as compared to the 3D spiral and 2D serpentine columns, respectively.

19 e in the peak capacity as compared to the 3D spiral and 2D serpentine columns, respectively.

20 ponse gradient forms within the cells of the spiral and fluctuates based on the particular stage of l

21 ng type from an unstable node to an unstable spiral and then to a stable spiral as flow rates increas

22 e subgroups of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), spiral and vestibular ganglia, inner ear and vestibular

23 chain quasi-1D structures, such as few-chain spiraling and a trigonal antiprismatic rocking distortio

24 ions in the number and shapes of dislocation spirals and different layer stackings that are determine

25 and topological magnetic states such as spin spirals and skyrmions.

26 This asymmetry resulted from complex 3D spirals and vaginal folds with deep recesses, which may

27 3D printed in titanium as 2D serpentine, 3D spiral, and 3D serpentine columns, of equal length and i

28 l structure by locating the Scutum-Centaurus spiral arm as it passes through the far side of the Milk

29 nd a tertiary protostar is coincident with a spiral arm in the outer disk at a separation of 183 astr

30 ay, we detected a pair of trailing symmetric spiral arms in the protoplanetary disk surrounding the y

31 A simple model of star formation in the spiral arms reproduces the observed distribution of Ceph

32 ontact up to 50 axon segments per cell, then spiral around myelin sheaths, penetrating from outer to

33 DNA, via a set of pre-sensor 1 hairpins that spiral around the translocation substrate.

34 n sheath comprises compacted membrane layers spiraling around the cross-sectioned axon.

35 ly unusual helicoid fermionic structure that spirals around two high-symmetry momenta, indicating ele

36 hat accurately captures the macroscopic spin spiral arrangement is also introduced, and fingerprints

37 t frustration, the common avenue to generate spiral arrangements in multiferroics.

38 For example, placental spiral arteries (SAs) undergo remarkable remodeling to m

39 trophoblast (CTB) invasion of the uterus and spiral arteries is often shallow.

40 spaces, and failure to remodel the maternal spiral arteries.

41 oblasts invading the maternal uterus and its spiral arteries.

42 Decidual spiral arteriole (SpA) remodeling is essential to ensure

43 of pregnancy disorders that involve impaired spiral artery remodeling (ISAR) with or without fetal gr

44 placental ischemia attributable to impaired spiral artery remodeling and abnormal secretion of antia

45 is potentially leads to insufficient uterine spiral artery remodeling and placental hypoperfusion, an

46 a key role in placental development, uterine spiral artery remodeling, and prevention of detrimental

47 ophoblast cells may cause failure of uterine spiral artery remodeling, which may be related to pregna

48 ng to shallow uterine invasion and deficient spiral artery remodeling.

49 tiates previous hypotheses on the effects of spiral artery remodelling in utero and also indicates ra

50 terized by impaired trophoblast invasion and spiral artery transformation resulting in progressive ut

51 dm1/Blimp1 is essential for specification of spiral artery trophoblast giant cells (SpA-TGCs) that in

52 e to an unstable spiral and then to a stable spiral as flow rates increase.

53 e for the intertwined downward physiological spirals associated with both conditions.

54 stem containing an unwanted beta-oscillation spiral attractor is controlled to function as a healthy

55 kov spiral chaos but gives rise to a "double spiral attractor".

56 -wide activity arises from a low-dimensional spiral attractor.

57 tion of coccoids is modified with respect to spiral bacteria.

58 tomedin domains of Latrophilin bind across a spiraling beta-barrel domain of Teneurin, the YD shell.

59 abeled hair cells were used to visualize the spiraling BM in the intact cochlea without time intensiv

60 Spiral-bound flip cards and download pdf surround HOTV a

61 However, stack-of-spirals breath-hold UTE was more susceptible to motion a

62 the 5'-end to MCM5 at the 3'-end of the DNA spiral, but only MCM6, 4, 7 and 3 make a full set of int

63 plasma gondii, the apical complex includes a spiral cap of tubulin-rich fibers called the conoid.

64 es an intensive electromagnetic field into a spiral capacitive gap (around 200 mum), which provides s

65 In the stable spiral case gas bubbles will achieve a steady-state fini

66 re is chiral, consisting of interpenetrating spiral chains of hydrogen-bonded water molecules and rot

67 core structure in which five subunits form a spiral chamber that binds the clamp at its base in a twi

68 w silica spheres (smHSSs) using microfluidic spiral channels with enhanced mixing performance, introd

69 For LZU-111 with rigid spiral channels, size effect reflects in pore surface ar

70 responds to the so-called route to Shilnikov spiral chaos but gives rise to a "double spiral attracto

71 ponsive gel that supports the propagation of spiral chemical waves to study locomotive transition and

72 Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and spiral chest computed tomography (CT) scan are important

73 tic accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound and spiral chest CT scan in the prediction of infiltrating a

74 However, our knowledge of spiral cleavage is still in its infancy.

75 a very similar mode of early embryogenesis: spiral cleavage.

76 at a higher flow rate, as compared to the 3D spiral column, provided a 58% reduction in the analysis

77 e cooperation among genetic strangers in the spiraling competition between increasingly large groups

78 Subunits in the ClpX hexamer assume a spiral conformation and interact with two-residue segmen

79 ce in the Hsp104 hexamer as a marker for the spiraled conformation revealed by cryo-EM and measures i

80 rbors hundreds of microns along the cochlear spiral, contacting many outer hair cells (OHCs).

81 ize and axon outgrowth, are graded along the spiral contour of the cochlea.

82 cause the tissue at the anatomically defined spiral core would already be weakly conducting, and a fu

83 by destroying the electrical activity at the spiral core.

84 The spiraling cost of new drugs mandates a fundamentally dif

85 Each spiral couples allosterically to the ATPase and binds al

86 sian readout trajectories (2D/3D radials and spirals), demonstrating efficient anti-aliasing with a k

87 ue that the observed spirals trace shocks of spiral density waves in the midplane of this young disk.

88 ological structures of lemon, star, monstar, spiral, dipole and quadrupole are created by the superpo

89 al quantum interference patterns of opposite spiraling directions for the two PdGa enantiomers, a dir

90 ral surface of LES are arranged in a helical/spiral fashion.

91 rtex and continuously proceeds outwards in a spiraling fashion.

92 This paper presents a spiral FBG sensors-based sensing method to simultaneousl

93 shear scrolling method generates Archimedean spiral fibers that demonstrate exotic, telescoping elong

94 , which utilises internal ridge(s) to induce spiral flow.

95 e configuration consisting of three embedded spirals for the case of a two-dimensional hexagonal latt

96 that we explain by demonstrating that these spirals form by a second, distinct mechanism.

97 Plates with triangular dislocation spirals form noncentrosymmetric stacking that gives rise

98 inescence, plates with hexagonal dislocation spirals form the bulk 2H layer stacking commonly observe

99 The CM site contains spiral-fractured bone and molar fragments, indicating th

100 demonstrated quantitative stability during a spiral functional MRI sequence.

101 lution observations of the nearby flocculent spiral galaxy NGC 300.

102 nearby (redshift 0.0337 +/- 0.0002) massive spiral galaxy, whose properties and proximity distinguis

103 The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy, with physical properties inferred from va

104 e6 was localized in the organ of Corti (OC), spiral ganglion (SG), stria vascularis (SV), and afferen

105 bular and cochlear sensory epithelia and the spiral ganglion - by measuring electrophysiological prop

106 Our injections also transduced 10% of spiral ganglion cells and a much larger fraction of thei

107 that neurons with different positions in the spiral ganglion employ different guidance mechanisms, wi

108 The spiral ganglion is a compelling model system to examine

109 In particular, we found that fibers of spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) close to the organ of Cort

110 T Physiologically distinct classes of type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are necessary to encode s

111 Type II spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are small caliber, unmyel

112 The mammalian spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are specialzed bipolar ne

113 development, primary auditory neurons named spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are surrounded by otic me

114 vely achieved by functionally diverse type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) at each tonotopic positio

115 sound damages the postsynaptic terminals of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) on cochlear inner hair ce

116 In the auditory system, type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) project their peripheral

117 ls are relayed from the ear to the brain via spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) that receive auditory inf

118 For sounds of a given frequency, spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) with different thresholds

119 c) contributes to the proper organization of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) within the Rosenthal's ca

120 Such injury can also lead to degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), but this occurs over a p

121 nd mechanically to sound waves, and afferent spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), which respond to glutama

122 y cells in the cochlea, i.e., hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), with a focus on their to

123 IHCs), and was lacking from the postsynaptic spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs).

124 n binaural transduction of inner hair cells, spiral ganglion neurons and vestibular hair cells.

125 Inner hair cells, auditory synapses and spiral ganglion neurons are all present after noise expo

126 In the cochlea, spiral ganglion neurons are organized in a basal to apic

127 anatomically distinct from other classes of spiral ganglion neurons because they extend a peripheral

128 For instance, in the developing cochlea, spiral ganglion neurons extend their peripheral processe

129 Disorganized central projections of spiral ganglion neurons in a Wnt/PCP pathway mutant, Pri

130 no neuroanatomically recognizable mapping of spiral ganglion neurons onto distinct locations in the c

131 Type II spiral ganglion neurons provide afferent innervation to

132 Quantification of Fzd3 expression in spiral ganglion neurons show a gradient of expression wi

133 characterized changes in both hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons that may be relevant for early s

134 O2.1/Slick) to the primary auditory neurons (spiral ganglion neurons, SGNs).

135 sed in the adult mouse cochlea including the spiral ganglion neurons, suggesting changes in expressio

136 nd are likely to form connections with adult spiral ganglion neurons, supporting that Myc and Notch1

137 correlated activity in inner hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons, which begins at birth and follo

138 PLP1(+) glial cells from the spiral ganglion were identified as neural progenitors, w

139 may set the "address" of neurons within the spiral ganglion, allowing them to elaborate the appropri

140 is sufficient to attract leukocytes into the spiral ganglion, and that fractalkine signaling plays a

141 thods to co-culture neural stem cell-derived spiral ganglion-like neurons (ScNs) and mouse auditory c

142 ou3f4-expressing cells around and within the spiral ganglion.

143 rine and terrestrial organisms (for example, spiralling gastropod shells).

144 The spiral geometry of the scours suggests that they were ca

145 se conclusions, an enhanced configuration of spiral graft is proposed and compared against convention

146 oposed and compared against conventional and spiral grafts to reaffirm its potential benefits.

147 sm resulting in the narrow pith cavity, weak spiral growth but increased vascular bundle of the thick

148 wall variant with narrow pith cavity, mildly spiral growth, and flat and enlarged SAM, including thos

149 Efficient spiral image acquisitions were amenable to low field str

150 our different types of imperfect spider web: spiral imperfect spider web, radial imperfect spider web

151 ress mediate tissue and cell damage that can spiral in a cycle of inflammation and more oxidative str

152 d on the identification of the blood flow as spiral in the whole arterial system and is believed to i

153 functional MRI studies was performed with a spiral in-and-out gradient echo sequence.

154 e ubiquity of double helical and logarithmic spirals in nature is well observed, but no explanation i

155 ow-dimensional, periodic, decaying orbit - a spiral - in which it behaved as a true attractor, conver

156 either propagate directionally, die out, or spiral indefinitely, and we characterize how these regim

157 y secretions using closed-loop separation of spiral inertial microfluidics (C-sep).

158 the ipso carbon of the aryl group to give a spiral intermediate, and then migration of the keto carb

159 during two phases of addiction: (i) downward spiral into persistent use and (ii) relapse.

160 The reconstructed resistance spiral involved cephalosporin use augmenting cephalospor

161 Along the length of the cochlear spiral is the organ of Corti, a highly derived and rigor

162 nning transmission electron micrographs from spiral, jittered gridlike, and other partial scans.

163 iew, the BM attaches to a stationary osseous spiral lamina (OSL), the tectorial membrane (TM) attache

164 e-initiating heminodes in the distal osseous spiral lamina, NaV1.1 partly overlapped NaV1.6 and ankyr

165 e magnetic-field-driven flop of conical spin spirals leads to the simultaneous reversal of magnetizat

166 We calculated the median spiraling length to be ~260 m.

167 storage controls eDNA areal uptake rate (or spiraling length).

168 ke form that wraps around the cell body in a spiral-like fashion and enables the cell to escape by a

169 ilament executes a polymorphic change into a spiral-like form that wraps around the cell body in a sp

170 fields up to 45 T, revealing a field-induced spiral magnetic structure.

171 erromagnetic ferroelectrics are conical spin spiral magnets with a simultaneous reversal of magnetiza

172 We adapted spiraling metrics used to measure particulate organic ma

173 All reservoirs and spiral microchannels were connected in series and design

174 ary flow instabilities for low-aspect ratio, spiral microchannels, with improved flow models for desi

175 The excitation/detection planar spiral microcoils of the NMR and ESR detectors are conce

176 n of >25 mum (making the machining of common spiral microcoils, for example, impossible).

177 stigation of sorting live HT-29 cells in the spiral microfluidic channel indicated that the distribut

178 s for the production and use of a label-free spiral microfluidic device to allow size-based isolation

179 The described spiral microfluidic devices can be produced at an extrem

180 tic fields because, owing to Lorentz forces, spiral modes orbit decreases in diameter pulling the cha

181 e having a 'right-handed' (counterclockwise) spiralling morphology is induced by L-enantiomers of Asp

182 two types of magnetoelectric effect-electron spiral motion and magnon-drag thermopower-as well as enh

183 accelerated electrons experience collective spiral motions, which leads to elliptically polarized sy

184 dal spontaneous four-wave mixing in low-loss spiralled multi-mode waveguides.

185 th cell death in hair cells, degeneration of spiral neurons and increased macrophage infiltration.

186 tubulin tail glutamates gripped by a double spiral of electropositive loops lining the katanin centr

187 ossible establishment of a self-perpetuating spiral of events that maintains or prolongs the pro-cata

188 A spiral of pore loop-substrate contacts spans both ClpA A

189 h a central channel comprised of a hexameric spiral of protomers that contact substrate via conserved

190 d laterally into the cone-shaped helices and spirals of abscission.

191 e presence of electron beam exhibits outward spirals of Langmuir turbulence and the center region of

192 entally demonstrated by growing supertwisted spirals of tungsten disulfide (WS(2)) and tungsten disel

193 of auxin in this process, we focused on the spirals of young stomatal lineage ground cells of Arabid

194 of layered materials with screw-dislocation spirals on non-Euclidean surfaces and show that it leads

195 ow that Cdt1 stabilizes MCM in a left-handed spiral open at the Mcm2-5 gate.

196 scissors game has a replicator equation that spirals out to the boundary, space stabilizes the system

197 We discovered that the growth displayed a spiral pattern and pith played an important role in prom

198 radiofrequency energy to discrete sites in a spiral pattern from distal to proximal in both renal art

199 of phyllotaxis, and second to argue that the spiral patterns in plants are progressively canalized fr

200 ic regimes and the general dependency of the spiral period on the heterogeneity and thus provides imp

201 int unprecedented high values of OAM, namely spiral phase mirrors, to generate photons with more than

202 rown alga, Sargassum muticum, which exhibits spiral phyllotaxis (137.5 degrees angle) and an unlinked

203 nto various domain structures (such as polar spirals, polar wave, polar vortex) over the past decade,

204 terface, which triggers transition from flat spiral polymers to helical filament to drive the formati

205 ottom of the web before a continuous capture spiral progresses from the web's periphery to its interi

206 In this state, the magnetic islands form a spiral propagating through the chain but with the blocks

207 The spiral-pyramidal structure of GaSe multi-layers was typi

208 intramolecular cyclization to establish the spiral quaternary center of the tricyclic framework from

209 While outer distant spiral rainbands produce single-peak meteotsunami waves,

210 roduce single-peak meteotsunami waves, inner spiral rainbands trigger longer lasting wave trains on t

211 ucture of tropical cyclones: inner and outer spiral rainbands.

212 ows for a direct visualization of arrhythmic spiral re-entry and represents a revolutionary tool to a

213 e substrate in liquid form, along with three spiral reaction chambers for test, positive control, and

214 muir turbulence and the center region of the spirals recieves lower electron temperatures of 50-100 e

215 te these secondary flows in low aspect ratio spiral rectangular microchannels and define their develo

216 cale nucleotide-driven motions of the ATPase spiral relative to the planar proteolytic base.

217 tau isoforms promoted the formation of long spiral ribbons from GMPCPP tubulin heterodimers.

218 nm) transforms the films from flat sheets to spiral ribbons, which subsequently translate large dista

219 les and show that, surprisingly, Min-protein spiral rotations govern the larger part of the geometric

220 amber parameters: pole-to-pole oscillations, spiral rotations, and traveling waves.

221 substrate recruitment site is exposed at the spiral's seam, which we propose positions the substrate

222 velocity scanning and beam path corrections, spiral scan images are shown to exhibit less scan distor

223 By using a spiral scan path, the temporal resolution can be increas

224 Although spiral scanning avoids the sudden changes in the beam lo

225 e deviations, i.e. image distortions, we use spiral scanning paths, allowing precise control of a sub

226 For spiral scans and mean squared error based pre-training,

227 Protomers at the spiral seam undergo nucleotide-specific rearrangements,

228 The human inner ear has an intricate spiral shape often compared to shells of mollusks, parti

229 r Selaginella lepidophylla stems curl into a spiral shape to prevent photoirradiation damage to their

230 with rapid morphological transformation from spiral-shaped bacteria to round coccoid cells.

231 Helicobacter pylori, a 2 x 1 mum spiral-shaped bacterium, is the most common risk factor

232 formation in the endodermis reveals a large spiral-shaped ectodomain.

233 r Z rings, to formation of relatively stable spiral-shaped FtsZ structures that are capable of initia

234 Each domain of the spiral-shaped hexameric helicase translocates sequential

235 at constriction is initiated along irregular spiral-shaped paths rather than as regular septa perpend

236 outer hair cells spanning the length of the spiral-shaped sensory epithelium.

237 boundaries of the three ocean basins, before spiraling southeastward and upward through the Antarctic

238 s present a three dimensional view showing a spiralling southward path, with enhanced upwelling by ed

239 i) excitation of a new spin-wave mode with a spiral spatial profile originating from a gyrotropic rot

240 emerge from an enhanced coupling to residual spiral spin fluctuations and their concomitant suppressi

241 magnetic diffraction technique, we reveal a spiral spin order in MnP and trace its pressure evolutio

242 which five spastin subunits adopt a helical, spiral staircase configuration that binds the peptide wi

243 sine triphosphatases (ATPases) form a closed spiral staircase encircling an unfolded substrate, direc

244 ng loops within four subunits form a pair of spiral staircases within the ring, interacting with the

245 The block-spiral state is stabilized without any apparent frustrat

246 ed in multiorbital Hubbard models, the block-spiral state.

247 rizontal helix (horine) and a novel vertical spiral structure (verine).

248 surements allow us to shed light on Galactic spiral structure by locating the Scutum-Centaurus spiral

249 However, previous observations that showed spiral structure were not able to probe disk midplanes,

250 opic momentum co-ordinates to describe these spiral structures in Minkowski space-time, enabling a co

251 DHE-enriched stromal fractions revealed fine spiral structures, similar to bacterial ADHE spirosomes.

252 due to an increased number of high-mobility spiral surface modes based on spin-split bands.

253 This spiral system enables us to achieve >/= 85% recovery of

254 loader ATPase modules forming an overtwisted spiral that is incapable of binding DNA or hydrolyzing A

255 Modern planar inductors consist of metallic spirals that consume significant chip area, resulting in

256 , which subsequently expand into helices and spirals that narrow down to the incipient site of abscis

257 to other AAA proteins, Msp1 forms hexameric spirals that translocate substrates through a central po

258 At each location along the cochlear spiral, the OHCs mediate an active process in which the

259 These spirals then are modeled by logistic growth of predator-

260 Such double spirals therefore obey a maximum-entropy path-integral v

261 oroidal locomotion results from the onset of spiral tip meandering that arises via a secondary Hopf b

262 mmaS, consistent with switching from an open spiral to a closed ring visualized by cryo-EM.

263 iodide uptake and a morphological shift from spiral to coccoid form.

264 irector field evolves from a distinct double spiral toward a nearly circularly symmetric configuratio

265 As the resulting stellar debris spirals toward the black hole, the debris heats up and e

266 We argue that the observed spirals trace shocks of spiral density waves in the midp

267 0 degrees and 180 degrees ; for chest CT, a spiral trajectory with TCM was used.

268 Formula: see text] defects, but not the slow spiral transformation nor the periodic nucleation of def

269 ding and hydrolysis by StXPB could lead to a spiral translocation along dsDNA and DNA strand separati

270 agnetic topology of the alternating-exchange spiral tubes of S = (1/2) (C14H10)(*-) radical anions.

271 ographic plane has been visualised and a new spiral twisting solidification phenomena observed.

272 lable, direct way through chemical growth of spiral-type nanosheets driven by screw-dislocations.

273 Dose-reduced spiral unenhanced lung EID and PCD CT examinations were

274 nal and are characterized by the presence of spiral vortices.

275 Specifically, the model produces spiral wave breakup in the morning, but not in the eveni

276 Spiral wave chimera dynamics is exhibited experimentally

277 simulated dynamical behavior is found, with spiral wave chimeras exhibited at small values of the ti

278 lay in the coupling between the oscillators, spiral wave core splitting at higher values, and phase c

279 n was demonstrated, related to the unexcited spiral wave core.

280 lues, and phase cluster states replacing the spiral wave dynamics at the highest values of the time d

281 nd simulation behavior, we explore the novel spiral wave phase cluster states and develop a mechanism

282 ally for much of the time delay range, while spiral wave phase cluster states are exhibited more in t

283 potentials in atrial fibrillation (AF) show spiral wave sources (rotors) in nearly all studies inclu

284 center for reentry and can anchor an induced spiral wave.

285 Active media that host spiral waves can display complex modes of locomotion dri

286 ntrant excitations have been associated with spiral waves circulating around either an anatomically d

287 We study the properties of the spiral waves in relation to the planar 1D wave, and also

288 of the wavefront and waveback of the simple spiral waves initiated at one corner of gel.

289 rly useful for identifying self-perpetuating spiral waves or rotational drivers (RDs) rotating around

290 al wave patterns, including traveling waves, spiral waves, sources, and sinks.

291 ere is a circadian pattern in the breakup of spiral waves, which represents ventricular fibrillation

292 In 2D simulations, we study the dynamics of spiral waves.

293 ion, and increased inducibility of sustained spiral waves.

294 ny sensory cells at the apex of the cochlear spiral were missing.

295 in more complicated constant linear velocity spirals, where the frequency varies within each scan.

296 oshinskii-Moriya interaction results in spin spirals with a periodicity in agreement with experiment.

297 "Archimedean" spirals, with a constant angular frequency within each s

298 hila melanogaster, which forms a six-subunit spiral without a transitioning subunit.

299 rmance of hBN-SSWC in a scalable and compact spiral-wound electrothermal membrane distillation module

300 verse osmosis (LRO) and reverse osmosis (RO) spiral-wound membranes showed LRO membrane to be very ef