ライフサイエンスコーパス: start codon

1 iator tRNA scans mRNA to find an appropriate start codon.

2 l translation initiated at the canonical AUG start codon.

3 ying uORFs or starting downstream of the ATG START codon.

4 mRNA harboring an AUG or near-cognate (AUC) start codon.

5 ic proteins without use of a canonical, AUG, start codon.

6 which occludes the ribosome binding site and start codon.

7 1-F2 plasmids lacking the well-conserved ATG start codon.

8 is compatible with scanning mRNA for the AUG start codon.

9 the initiation at a downstream, in-frame AUG start codon.

10 3'-untranslated regions, but also around the start codon.

11 he 48S then scans along the mRNA to locate a start codon.

12 ntial TIS sites in addition to the annotated start codon.

13 d of ribosome movement immediately after the start codon.

14 spanning -574 to -90 bp upstream of the METE start codon.

15 can bind upstream of the ompA translational start codon.

16 n complex (PIC) to mRNAs and scanning to the start codon.

17 osomal subunit to select an appropriate mRNA start codon.

18 1-10 nucleotides immediately upstream of the start codon.

19 full-length LOS2 transcripts using a second start codon.

20 (LBD) motif within 1 kb upstream of the ATG start codon.

21 ensus sequence enhanced Vhs cutting near the start codon.

22 uppressing eIF2-dependent recognition of the start codon.

23 bp (P1) and 63 bp (P2) upstream of the rpoS start codon.

24 r reside 89 to 255 bp upstream from the lsrR start codon.

25 of the mRNA until it has encountered the AUG start codon.

26 sequently scans along the mRNA to locate the start codon.

27 djacent coding regions to sequester the psaB start codon.

28 egion, located immediately downstream of the start codon.

29 y binding to a region that overlaps the YenI start codon.

30 the region upstream of the CpeC translation start codon.

31 s with reduced fidelity to recognize the AUG start codon.

32 polyserine proteins in the absence of an ATG start codon.

33 ated within the 572 nt upstream from the AUG start codon.

34 sembly, to place itself precisely on the AUG start codon.

35 ormed preinitiation complexes at the correct start codon.

36 t 94 nucleotides upstream of the translation start codon.

37 BMP2, that is translated from an alternative start codon.

38 no untranslated nucleotides prior to the 5'-start codon.

39 ssion of a GFP reporter containing a non-AUG start codon.

40 protein synthesis is selection of the proper start codon.

41 s of several key nucleotides upstream of the start codon.

42 of target mRNAs directly upstream of the AUG start codon.

43 und eIF2 and Met-RNAi scans the mRNA for the start codon.

44 close proximity to the Wnt5a gene promoter's start codon.

45 ccount for events which may generate a novel start codon.

46 IF4A-dependent mechanism that utilizes a CUG start codon.

47 mbrane-bound fluorescent protein lacking its start codon.

48 is initiated at an upstream ACG near-cognate start codon.

49 y translational initiation at an alternative start codon.

50 ncluding a Kozak-sequence-like motif for AUG start codon.

51 eral isoforms from alternative translational start codons.

52 ity and destabilized PIN at UUG, but not AUG start codons.

53 mRNA variants encompass four possible first start codons.

54 dentified 11 proteins with mutated/alternate start codons.

55 tRNA) to initiate translation at cryptic CUG start codons.

56 of spastin (M1 and M87) translated from two start codons.

57 tially enhancing recognition of weak non-AUG start codons.

58 also increased initiation from near-cognate start codons.

59 cated polypeptides from downstream, in-frame start codons.

60 hat thousands of uORFs initiate with non-AUG start codons.

61 itch that is strongly selected against among start codons.

62 mation and promote utilization of suboptimal start codons.

63 sites, some of which serve as the exclusive start codons.

64 o a predicted SL 120 bp upstream of the dnaK start codon (3'-SL).

65 r mitochondrial localization and alternative start codons, 31 out of 51 bacterial genes tested (61%)

66 stop codons introduced upstream of the US1.5 start codon (3xstop).

67 r translation was eliminated by mutating the start codon, a shift was not observed.

68 Mutating alternative internal start codons abrogated the CTL-mediated inhibition of vi

69 epeat that is placed between a translational start codon and a membrane-bound fluorescent protein lac

70 egions of the large T antigen ORF provided a start codon and C-terminal hydrophobic motif necessary f

71 e repeat expansions in the absence of an AUG start codon and contributes to neurodegenerative disorde

72 in, we show that La binds close to the CCND1 start codon and demonstrate that La's RNA chaperone acti

73 250 nucleotides, including a number near the start codon and in the 5' untranslated region.

74 poor translation initiation at the annotated start codon and increased initiation at downstream AUGs.

75 A is established by the placement of the AUG start codon and initiator tRNA in the ribosomal peptidyl

76 questers the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence or start codon and prevents formation of the translation in

77 just 28 bp upstream of the main translation start codon and show that it is functional in vitro.

78 The normal strong preferences for an AUG start codon and the canonical sequence context to favor

79 erage gradually decreased in the vicinity of start codons and increased near stop codons, revealing c

80 lation of "untranslated" regions and non-AUG start codons and sensitizes tumor cells for T cell targe

81 s somewhat higher occupancy by Ribo-T of the start codons and to a lesser extent stop codons, suggest

82 ancy--many of these differences lie close to start codons and upstream ORFs.

83 thin the preS1 region, the deletion of preS2 start codon, and a stop signal at codon 182 within the S

84 s whose TSS were downstream of the annotated start codon, and additional analysis of evolutionary con

85 nd of mRNAs, facilitates scanning to the AUG start codon, and is crucial for eukaryotic translation o

86 tructured region immediately upstream of the start codon, and shows that these features are strongly

87 ding the messenger RNA (mRNA), selecting the start codon, and synthesizing the polypeptide.

88 depends on the Kozak sequence context of its start codon, and uORFs with strong contexts promote nons

89 , we altered the lacI ribosome-binding site, start codon, and/or codon content to construct RDAS stra

90 ters and translation, attenuation, incorrect start codons, and a failed gate.

91 oved 255 (7.5%) proteins, changed 123 (3.6%) start codons, and added 127 (3.7%) proteins that had bee

92 show that variants that create new upstream start codons, and variants disrupting stop sites of exis

93 increased translation; sequences around the start codon are sufficient for the induction of translat

94 High initiation rates are only possible if start codons are liberated sufficiently fast, thus accou

95 footprint mapping have revealed that non-AUG start codons are used at an astonishing frequency.

96 ted -82.4, -67.7 and +22.6 kb from the FOXE1 start codon, are all active in the oral epithelium or br

97 We verified the second of two possible start codons as the functional start codon in ATXN2.

98 translation without the need for a canonical start codon, as small peptide products predicted by 3'UT

99 7 substitutions reduced recognition of a UUG start codon at HIS4 in Sui- cells (Ssu- phenotype); and

100 Hac1 from an mRNA containing an upstream AUG start codon at the beginning of the base-paired region.

101 ions of gene pairs with overlapping stop and start codons (ATGA or TGATG).

102 otein 5 mRNA) that were not initiated at the start codon AUG.

103 The canonical start codon (AUG) and a few near-cognates (GUG, UUG) are

104 Residues spanning the gag start codon (AUG) form a hairpin in the monomeric leader

105 e P gene was mutated by replacing all of the start codons (AUG) for tPs with AUA.

106 , slow codons lead to slow liberation of the start codon by initiating ribosomes, thereby interfering

107 nitiation factors, locates the messenger RNA start codon by scanning from the 5' cap.

108 Recognition of a start codon by the initiator aminoacyl-tRNA determines t

109 also produced, showing that the alternative start codon can be used in other bacterial species.

110 Experiments demonstrated that the internal start codons can be recognized by the ribosomes and dire

111 est that structural destabilization near the start codon caused by the T allele could be related to t

112 recruitment to the messenger RNA (mRNA) and start codon choice and plays a major role in the control

113 sis reveals the dominant contribution of the start codon context at positions -3 to -1, mRNA secondar

114 Thus, start codon context is a signal that quantitatively prog

115 lation of human USP18 is initiated by a rare start codon (CUG).

116 c protein synthesis generally initiates at a start codon defined by an AUG and its surrounding Kozak

117 C sites in the vicinity of the translational start codon, depletion in coding sequences, and mixed pa

118 on start site (distance: 542 bp) than to the start codon (distance: 704 bp), which corresponds to ope

119 their alternative promoters and alternative start codon exons.

120 lpha phosphorylation-dependent alteration in start codon fidelity.

121 with steadily increasing distances from the start codon, followed by characterization of their mRNA

122 Initiation on non-optimal start codons--following structured 5'-UTRs, in bad AUG c

123 We corrected misannotation of translation start codon for 122 genes and suggested an alternative s

124 n for 122 genes and suggested an alternative start codon for 57 genes.

125 the 40S ribosomal subunit and positions the start codon for initiation.

126 cy to expose the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and start codon for the AT protein, leading to increased AT

127 start codons were found, in which GTG is the start codon for the ATPase 6 subunit gene (ATP), ATC for

128 the existence of two functional translation start codons for pilA and identifies two isoforms (short

129 r-cognates (GUG, UUG) are considered as the 'start codons' for translation initiation in Escherichia

130 viral strategy: the acquisition of upstream start codons from host-derived sequences and subsequent

131 We show that NTEs with non-canonical start codons govern the subcellular protein localization

132 natural H5N1 IAV containing a mutated PB1-F2 start codon (i.e., lacking ATG) was 1,000-fold more viru

133 minates the dependence of subunit joining on start codon identity.

134 Accurate recognition of the start codon in an mRNA by the eukaryotic translation pre

135 two possible start codons as the functional start codon in ATXN2.

136 n-like element located 25 bp upstream of the start codon in cv Carazinho that was absent from cv Egre

137 located approximately 2 kb upstream from the start codon in cv Egret.

138 tRNAi(Met) scans the mRNA leader for an AUG start codon in favorable context.

139 n a 5 kb region directly upstream of the NIN start codon in Medicago truncatula Furthermore, we ident

140 s the reinitiation of translation at a third start codon in SPAST, resulting in synthesis of a novel

141 iotic response elements located close to the start codon in the ADM gene.

142 al start site (TSS) at 62 bp upstream of the start codon in the CTRP5.

143 tions in the region just upstream of the ATG start codon in the LAP varities, which might be the reas

144 S subunit driven by base pairing between the start codon in the mRNA and the anticodon in tRNA(i).

145 ered when the scanning PIC encounters an AUG start codon in the mRNA.

146 able the selection of initiator tRNA and the start codon in the P site of the 30S ribosomal subunit.

147 Reconstruction of the evolution of start codons in 36 groups of closely related bacterial a

148 ading frames that initiate with near-cognate start codons in many transcripts.

149 F2K also promotes the correct recognition of start codons in mRNAs.

150 ndicated that the hierarchy of initiation at start codons in N. crassa (AUG >> CUG > GUG > ACG > AUA

151 and diminish initiation at near-cognate UUG start codons in yeast mutants in which UUG selection is

152 ween the ribosome binding site (RBS) and the start codon (in Escherichia coli), or by binding to the

153 osition 37 in nearly all tRNAs that decode A-starting codons, including the eukaryotic initiator tRNA

154 plex (TC) from reconstituted PICs with a UUG start codon, indicating destabilization of the closed co

155 nstituted in vitro with mRNA harboring a UUG start codon, indicating destabilization of the closed PI

156 TC binding to PICs reconstituted with a UUG start codon, indicating inappropriate rearrangement to t

157 inding by eIF4G and eIF2beta and assists the start codon-induced release of eIF1, the major antagonis

158 Interestingly, two functional start codons initiate fis mRNA translation and both are

159 onstrated Ebp1-60S binding is highest during start codon initiation and N-terminal peptide elongation

160 The preferential use of the 5'-start codon is also seen on mitochondrial 28 S small sub

161 An AUG start codon is an important determinant of ribosome bind

162 oacyl-tRNA synthetases, in which a leaky AUG start codon is followed by a strong Kozak context in-fra

163 translation of NAT1/EIF4G2/DAP5, whose sole start codon is GUG.

164 evised the rec27 open reading frame: the new start codon is in the previously annotated first intron.

165 whether the amino acid corresponding to the start codon is incorporated at the TIS or methionine is

166 with strong secondary structures around the start codon is more dependent on the SD-aSD interaction

167 e the N-terminal methionine derived from the start codon is not cleaved when Glu is in the second pos

168 Caenorhabditis elegans to study how the AUG start codon is selected.

169 Aberrant translation initiation at non-AUG start codons is associated with multiple cancers and neu

170 Selection on start codons is most pronounced in evolutionarily conser

171 However, purifying selection on start codons is significantly weaker than the selection

172 few nucleotides from 5'-end of mRNA and CUG start codon--is the most affected.

173 activity in 5'-leaders upstream of annotated start codons, leading to differential translation in gli

174 ic annotation revealed two possible CYP144A1 start codons, leading to expression of (i) a "full-lengt

175 Translation from the upstream start codon leads to increased downstream agn43 expressi

176 periments revealed an alternative downstream start codon, likely representing the bona fide CLOCK N-t

177 Translation initiation from non-canonical start codons may contribute to the synthesis of peptides

178 eIF3 and recognition of the HCV genomic RNA start codon, molecular interactions that likely extend t

179 hift, and splice-site mutations as well as a start codon mutation in the family that originally defin

180 demonstrated that the tiger and cat share a start codon mutation that truncated most of the tetherin

181 risingly, these rqh1 mutations, except for a start codon mutation, are all in the helicase domain, in

182 that include a retrotransposon insertion and start codon mutation.

183 They had a homozygous start-codon mutation in the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase B

184 ed independently in mice with a Dyx1c1 c.T2A start-codon mutation recovered from an N-ethyl-N-nitroso

185 Start codon mutations in the accessory vpu gene from mac

186 Deletion of, or start codon mutations in, the ORFs for the peptides in t

187 s (i.e., preS1 and/or preS2 deletions, preS2 start codon mutations, C-terminally truncated and/or "a"

188 The pseudoknot domain positions the AUG start codon near the mRNA channel and is tRNA-like, sugg

189 tiation involves factor-driven assembly at a start codon of a messenger RNA of an elongation-competen

190 a TOC1 transposon 113 bp upstream of the ATG start codon of a putative omega-3 desaturase (CrFAD7; lo

191 ces transcription, or alternatively that the start codon of A. actinomycetemcomitans lsrA has been in

192 ding Oh43, which has a point mutation in the start codon of Bx13 and lacks both DIM2BOA-Glc and HDM2B

193 5'CANGGANG3') encompassing the translational start codon of cfcR was confirmed.

194 encompassed within 70 bp upstream of the ATG start codon of dbpBA, was identified and found to be nec

195 We first identified the start codon of DifA experimentally; this identification

196 nces from the U5 to upstream of the gag gene start codon of diverse HIV-1 strains by using next-gener

197 is alternatively translated from the second start codon of ENO1 transcripts, is preferentially local

198 l to efficiently initiate translation at the start codon of GRN.

199 A point mutation in the translational start codon of Mecp2 exon 1, transmitted through the ger

200 r RNA (Met-tRNA(i)(Met)) positioned over the start codon of messenger RNA in the P site.

201 he GRM3 gene, 2 bases before the translation start codon of one of the receptor isoforms, in 23 of 22

202 ion in infected cells was abolished when the start codon of P58 was eliminated.

203 rted repeat located upstream (206 bp) of the start codon of PG0106 that is capable of forming a large

204 a distinct pattern of enrichment around the start codon of ribosomal protein genes in all stages but

205 Mutating the start codon of spc to prevent translation increased the

206 We appended an epitope tag after the start codon of the A19L open reading frame without compr

207 bound to the peptidyl site and paired to the start codon of the mRNA.

208 ceptibility and that a deletion spanning the start codon of this gene results in FHB resistance.

209 Mutation of the start codon of two C-terminal ORFs in an infectious clon

210 Importantly, replacing the near-cognate start codons of both nAuORFs with non-cognate triplets h

211 rich sequence elements up- and downstream of start codons of target genes were necessary but not suff

212 specifically arrests initiating ribosomes at start codons of the genes.

213 The structured regions shortly after the start codons of the two ATG mRNAs are necessary for thei

214 iation at GCN4 and impair recognition of the start codons of uORF1 or uORF4 located after uORF1.

215 We uncovered upstream sequences that include start codons of zebrafish and Xenopus Tgs and experiment

216 d to induce double-strand DNA break near the starting codon of each gene that either disrupted the st

217 a segment (-196 to -162 relative to the ATG start codon) of the AAO3 promoter.

218 Recognition of the AUG start codon on mRNAs during translation initiation in eu

219 urred only in cis and did not require an AUG start codon or initiation of coat protein synthesis.

220 codon of each gene that either disrupted the start codon or introduced a frameshift mutation in the e

221 ere found as far as 550 bp upstream from the start codon, or 1 kb into the coding sequence.

222 Systemic mapping of start-codon positions and precise measurement of the cor

223 icted ribosome-binding sites and translation start codons, potentially producing two PilA preprotein

224 We show that A-rich sequences upstream of start codons promote initiation.

225 otide (nt) -pairings, one sequesters the gag start codon promoting dimerization while the other seque

226 ell et al1 demonstrate that mutations in the start codon (protein synthesis is initiated at the codon

227 verifications include confirmation of a CTG start codon, pseudogene restoration and quality assuranc

228 Translation from non-canonical start codons ranged from 0.007 to 3% relative to transla

229 ranslation almost always initiates at an AUG start codon, recent advancements in ribosome footprint m

230 These analyses on start codon recognition give a more detailed insight int

231 F1 functions in ensuring the fidelity of AUG start codon recognition in a multicellular organism.

232 how these initiation factors are involved in start codon recognition in multicellular organisms, we i

233 , play key roles in ensuring the fidelity of start codon recognition in yeast cells.

234 A molecular model is emerging in which start codon recognition is linked to dynamic reorganizat

235 on of eIF1 from the PIC, a critical event in start codon recognition, and is dependent on the scannin

236 ence that mRNA unwinding by eIF4A stimulates start codon recognition, but also suggest that the eIF4A

237 of eIF1A, which we previously implicated in start codon recognition, moves closer to the N-terminal

238 ing 40S ribosome complexes onto mRNA and AUG start codon recognition.

239 l-tRNA (fMet-tRNA(fMet)) into the P site for start codon recognition.

240 nclose tRNAi, thus elucidating key events in start codon recognition.

241 nitiation factors for efficient and accurate start codon recognition.

242 conformation of the PIC that exists prior to start codon recognition.

243 e (for G31:C39 and A54) that is critical for start codon recognition.

244 inhibit eIF5B-dependent steps downstream of start codon recognition.

245 henotypes indicating defects in scanning and start codon recognition.

246 to characterize how translation from non-AUG start codons responds to protein synthesis inhibitors in

247 rus (RABV) P gene mRNA encodes five in-frame start codons, resulting in expression of full-length P p

248 ation of mgtL translation by mutation of its start codon results in transcription of the mgtA-coding

249 R protein families to anchor the translation start codon, searched an EST database with the 3' end of

250 The stringency of start codon selection impacts the efficiency of initiati

251 -boxes, and eIF5-CTD restore the accuracy of start codon selection impaired by an eIF2beta mutation i

252 eferred context to examine the stringency of start codon selection in the model filamentous fungus Ne

253 It is thus becoming increasingly clear that start codon selection is regulated by many trans-acting

254 e features, but their importance in accurate start codon selection was unknown.

255 her support the critical role of eIF2beta in start codon selection, and two functional domains within

256 Despite this, overall accuracy of start codon selection, based on rates of formation of el

257 mple of an initiation factor contributing to start codon selection.

258 anning, yet bypasses normal requirements for start codon selection.

259 initiator tRNA to ribosomes and facilitates start codon selection.

260 sis, here we studied the role of 25S rRNA in start codon selection.

261 e the ribosome for initiation in response to start codon selection.

262 bridges B3 and B7b alters the stringency of start codon selection.

263 ation maps not only delineated variations of start-codon selection but also highlighted a dynamic ran

264 Here, we used start codon-specific reporters and ribosome profiling to

265 Structures in the 5'-UTR and 3' of the start codon synergistically inhibit mRNA recruitment in

266 t of Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and Start codon targeted (SCoT) markers in genetic diversity

267 data support a novel RNA structure near the start codon that impacts translation initiation, structu

268 Thus, AUG is the optimal start codon that is actively maintained by purifying sel

269 diately upstream from both the lsrA and lsrR start codons that closely resemble the consensus recogni

270 TgBCP1 has three potential in frame start codons that produce 51, 33 or 25 kDa proteins.

271 All programs were biased towards selecting start codons that were upstream of the actual start.

272 n between a sequence element upstream of the start codon (the Shine-Dalgarno sequence [SD]) and a com

273 ation may disrupt the 40S IC stalling on the start codon, thereby altering the stringency of initiati

274 constructs that have base changes at the AUG start codon, these mutants are found to allow expression

275 Mutation of the start codon to a sub-optimal form (GUG or UUG) tends to

276 ed integration of a cDNA into the endogenous start codon to functionally correct disease-causing muta

277 nitiation context-namely, those with non-AUG start codons-to be resistant to pharmacological translat

278 s, we show that m(1)A is enriched around the start codon upstream of the first splice site: it prefer

279 also show that insertion of an in-frame AUG start codon upstream of the interaction site releases th

280 restored RNA2 accumulation by acquiring new start codons upstream of the original one.

281 not the +2 frame, occurring at near-cognate start codons upstream of the repeat.

282 -deprived, the frequency of ribosomes at the start codon was reduced, consistent with a global declin

283 y completed by adenylation, and atypical TTT start codons was predicted for both D. v. virgifera and

284 ng either the Shine-Dalgarno sequence or the start codon, we find that EF-P dependence correlates dir

285 retapamulin to trap initiation complexes at start codons, we find that the mutant ribosomes select s

286 o using multiple uORFs in series and non-AUG start codons, we were able to generate particularly low

287 Three rare start codons were found, in which GTG is the start codon

288 umulate 13 to 14 nucleotides upstream of the start codon where initiating ribosomes have been stalled

289 somes scan the mRNA until they encounter the start codon, where conformational changes produce a tran

290 e 5' end of the mRNA and scans to locate the start codon, whereupon it closes to arrest scanning.

291 G is underrepresented in the vicinity of the start codon, which presumably helps compensate for the a

292 utilization of an alternative translational start codon, which would produce a mutant MCPH1 protein

293 a promoter and the 5' exon with a functional start codon while the bulk of the protein-coding sequenc

294 r targeting peptides with a potential second start codon whose use would eliminate the targeting pept

295 replacing its non-AUG initiation codon (AUA) start codon with the non-cognate triplet AAA, whereas tr

296 slation preferentially initiates at the 13th start codon within the leader sequence independently of

297 We hypothesized that start codons within cap-snatched host transcripts could

298 etween nucleotides 76 and 125 containing two start codons within one uORF that is required and suffic

299 Despite the presence of 12 AUG start codons within the TriMV 5' UTR, translation initia

300 itiation of translation from an internal AUG start codon would produce a foreshortened protein lackin