ライフサイエンスコーパス: stator

1 units (rotor) and the single-copy a subunit (stator).

2 zes, and the effects of key mutations in the stator.

3 rray of copper electrodes that comprises the stator.

4 anchored to the cell wall and constitute the stator.

5 unstable interactions between the rotor and stator.

6 rent role in generating stability within the stator.

7 the flagellar C ring, export apparatus, and stator.

8 ovided by a PdGa(111) surface that acts as a stator.

9 parts nearer the edge that interact with the stator.

10 biphenylene rotator and a natural abundance stator.

11 proton-induced conformational change in the stator.

12 ethoxy-substituted trityl groups acting as a stator.

13 th an ion flux through the torque-generating stator.

14 of the capsid protein and that pRNA was the stator.

15 of the ring, the b subunits functioning as a stator.

16 he part of the rotor that interacts with the stator.

17 omponents of the rotor and components of the stator.

18 d the bond that connects the rotator and the stator.

19 coil state, mimicking the open state of the stator.

20 tuted iodobenzenes that take the role of the stator.

21 s bearings and quadrupole microelectrodes as stators.

22 lection in favor of the nonfunctional, "bad" stators.

23 s in an altitudinal orientation via tripodal stators.

24 henylsilyl-protected (TBDPS) triphenylmethyl stators.

25 etermined by the chemical transitions of the stators.

26 of the motor is independent of the number of stators.

27 speed is independent of the number of active stators.

28 A bundle of four helices belongs to the stator a-subunit and is in contact with c(11).

29 omposed of the rotor c10gammaepsilon and the stator ab2alpha3beta3delta.

30 We propose that force-enhanced stator adhesion allows the cell to adapt to a heterogene

31 changes about a proline "hinge" residue in a stator alpha-helix are directly responsible for generati

32 nto the molecular dirotor provides a central stator and a fixed phenylene ring relative to which the

33 fixed, membrane-embedded, torque-generating stator and a typically bidirectional, spinning rotor tha

34 flagellum, revealing features of the rotor, stator and export apparatus.

35 ia coli, the MotA and MotB proteins form the stator and function in proton translocation, whereas the

36 MotB, function as a complex that acts as the stator and generates the torque that drives rotation.

37 protein of the rotor that interacts with the stator and is directly involved in rotation of the motor

38 d rotor, and hence little is known about the stator and its interactions.

39 omeric c-ring can move with respect to the b-stator and provide further support for a rotary catalyti

40 approximately 3.5-nm-resolution model of the stator and rotor structures was obtained.

41 insight into the in situ arrangement of the stator and rotor structures.

42 evidence that FliL is localized between the stator and rotor.

43 nt site of interaction between the rotor and stator and suggest a hypothesis for electrostatic intera

44 urther evidence that FlcA interacts with the stator and that this collar-stator interaction is essent

45 e structurally related domains of the delta' stator and the delta wrench.

46 agellar rotation, the Na(+) -dependent PomAB stator and the H(+) -driven MotAB stator, the latter pos

47 nt zinc(II) porphyrins: one representing the stator and the other the rotator with DABCO as an interc

48 maintain the interaction between the curved stator and the relatively symmetrical rotor/C-ring assem

49 e molecular rotors was devised from a set of stators and rotators to gain simple access to a large nu

50 , but are significantly reduced in the head, stators and stalk.

51 amma-subunits (motor) flanked by the delta' (stator) and the delta (wrench) subunits.

52 he interface between transmembrane proteins (stators) and a rotor.

53 microscopy confirms the presence of the F(o) stator, and a height profile reveals that it protrudes l

54 part of the membrane extrinsic region of the stator, and how the action of the peripheral stalk damps

55 We propose a model in which flagellar stators are disengaged and sequestered from the flagella

56 m speed of the motor increases as additional stators are recruited.

57 The number and exchange rates of the mutant stator around the rotor were not significantly different

58 The Cys loop appears to act as a stator around which the alpha-helical transmembrane doma

59 sting that FlcA is crucial for flagellar and stator assemblies.

60 units captures the observed torque-dependent stator assembly dynamics, providing a quantitative frame

61 The stator assembly, revealed for the first time, possessed

62 ent for multiple stators (Mot proteins) or a stator-associated protein (FliL), secretion of essential

63 The rate constant for stator binding to a putative single binding site on the

64 To do this, we measured stator-binding to the rotor in mutants in which motors r

65 s with a paralyzed strain indicated that the stator-binding was measurably weaker when motors were un

66 In these motors, stator-binding was unchanged.

67 the b(2)delta subunit complex comprises the stator, bound to subunit a in F(0) and to alpha(3)beta(3

68 the b(2)delta subunit complex comprises the stator, bound to subunit a in F(0) and to the alpha(3)be

69 the b(2)delta subunit complex comprises the stator, bound to subunit a in F(o) and to the alpha(3)be

70 al interactions of the b subunits within the stator by use of monoclonal antibodies and nearest neigh

71 that when c-di-GMP level is high, the MotAB stator can displace MotCD from the motor, thereby affect

72 Although either stator can independently drive swimming through liquid,

73 he studies revealed that a QPY foldamer as a stator can reversibly control the intermeshed and demesh

74 reduced, and overexpression of some of these stators caused reduced growth rates, implying that mutan

75 arried a mutation believed to increase rotor-stator clearance.

76 Each stator complex contains two separate ion-binding sites,

77 -deletion mutants, we not only localized the stator complex in situ, but also revealed the stator-rot

78 The 308 residue MotB protein anchors the stator complex of the Escherichia coli flagellar motor t

79 ns down a transmembrane gradient through the stator complex provides the energy for torque generation

80 warming motility requires a functional MotAB stator complex.

81 The stator-complex in the bacterial flagellar motor is respo

82 ly, demonstrating that they are required for stator-complex incorporation.

83 s unambiguously locate the torque-generating stator complexes and show that diverse high-torque motor

84 ures to scaffold incorporation of additional stator complexes at wider radii from the axial driveshaf

85 ght to involve conformational changes in the stator complexes driven by proton association/dissociati

86 Here, we present the structures of the stator complexes from Clostridium sporogenes, Bacillus s

87 units exchanged between motors and a pool of stator complexes in the membrane, and the exchange rate

88 Torque is created by ion-dependent stator complexes which surround the rotor in a ring.

89 Each motor contains a number of stator complexes, comprising 4MotA 2MotB or 4PomA 2PomB,

90 P. aeruginosa encodes two stator complexes, MotAB and MotCD, that participate in t

91 driven motors, similar to bacterial flagella stator complexes, run along an endless looped helical tr

92 by ion translocation through membrane-bound stator complexes.

93 nucleotides in modulating flexibility of the stator components and uncover mechanistic detail that un

94 ring in the F(0) part, rotates relative to a stator composed of alpha(3)beta(3)deltaab(2) during ATP

95 vidence that P. aeruginosa has two flagellar stators, conserved in all pseudomonads as well as some o

96 y to construct a central phenylene core with stators consisting of two layers of triarylmethyl groups

97 his mechanism requires a strong and integral stator, consisting of the catalytic alpha3beta3-domain,

98 omain of catalytic beta subunit at the rotor/stator contact region generates mutant F(1)s, termed F(1

99 This report demonstrates that the delta' stator contributes a catalytic arginine for hydrolysis o

100 Thus, the delta' stator contributes to the motor function of the gamma tr

101 llar switch complex, which also contains the stator-coupling protein FliG and the target of CheY-P, F

102 ong helices inside the central cavity of the stator cylinder plus a globular portion outside the cyli

103 Charged and polar residues of the a-subunit stator define two aqueous channels, each spanning one ha

104 By breaking spatial inversion symmetry, the stator defines the unique sense of rotation.

105 lyzing the motor structures of wild-type and stator-deletion mutants, we not only localized the stato

106 neral assumption that the stepping rate of a stator depends on the torque exerted by the stator on th

107 rotation because of incomplete reversals or stator detachment.

108 e explained by incomplete motor reversals or stator detachment.

109 transient PMF disruption leads to reversible stator diffusion away from the flagellar motor, showing

110 This result arises from our assumption that stators disengage from the motor for a significant porti

111 continued motor integrity, and calculated a stator dissociation rate of 0.038 s(-1).

112 inhibits free V1 by bridging the rotary and stator domains.

113 it has a flexible region that can serve as a stator during both ATP synthesis and ATP hydrolysis.

114 that B. subtilis requires only the MotA/MotB stator during swarming motility and that the residues re

115 eases motor load, and measured the resulting stator dynamics.

116 f GFP-MotB, consistent with approximately 11 stators each containing two MotB molecules.

117 Stator elements consisting of MotA4MotB2 complexes are a

118 within a densely packed frame of reference, stator, embedded within relatively rigid membranes.

119 -type stators, suggesting that the number of stators engaged is not the cause of increased swimming e

120 tor, protein molecules in both the rotor and stator exchange with freely circulating pools of spares

121 te with one open active site adjacent to the stator filament normally linked to the H subunit.

122 Structural elements associated with the stator followed the curvature of the cytoplasmic membran

123 Our motor is composed of a tripodal stator for vertical positioning, a five-arm rotor for co

124 motility and that the residues required for stator force generation are highly conserved from the Pr

125 fluorescence imaging of YFP-MotB (part of a stator force-generating unit) confirmed that the respons

126 A molecular rotor built with a stator formed by two rigid 9beta-mestranol units having

127 cloned, overexpressed and characterized the stator-forming subunits E and H of the A-ATPase from the

128 ed to form a rigid cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) stator framework, which was then closed with an amine.

129 We further find that mutants that abolish stator function also result in an overproduction of the

130 The stator function in ATP synthase was studied by a combine

131 To study the stator function in ATP synthase, a fluorimetric assay ha

132 d conformational change and other aspects of stator function.

133 ibility of bridging metal ion involvement in stator function.

134 ion by deletion or mutation of the flagellar stator gene, motB, results in an increase in both degU t

135 Sites of interaction between the rotor and stator have not been identified.

136 Motors with a single H(+)-driven stator have only the core periplasmic P- and L-rings; th

137 P- and L-rings; those with dual H(+)-driven stators have an elaborated P-ring; and motors with Na(+)

138 ; and motors with Na(+) or Na(+)/H(+)-driven stators have both their P- and L-rings embellished.

139 The location and distances of the stator helices impose spatial restrictions on the bacter

140 e peripheral stalk of ATP synthase acts as a stator holding the alpha(3)beta(3) catalytic subcomplex

141 in Myxococcus xanthus is powered by flagella stator homologs that move in helical trajectories using

142 rfaces, and it encodes two sets of flagellar stator homologs.

143 llenge, we used a rigid and shape-persistent stator in a dendritic structure that reaches ca. 3.6 nm

144 The stator in F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase resists strain generated

145 The stator in F(1)F(o)-ATP synthase resists strain generated

146 it H accomplishes this by bridging rotor and stator in free V1, cysteine-mediated cross-linking studi

147 der of 0.04 s(-1): the dwell time of a given stator in the motor is only approximately 0.5 min.

148 We conclude that to function as a stator in the Tol-Pal complex dimeric TolR must undergo

149 69) is important in anchoring the peripheral stator in V1V0.

150 ors simultaneously use H(+) and Na(+) driven stators in a configuration governed by MotAB incorporati

151 s results showed that subunit H (part of the stator) inhibits ATP hydrolysis by free V1.

152 ines regions important for contacts with the stator-interacting protein FliG and for either countercl

153 teracts with the stator and that this collar-stator interaction is essential for the high torque need

154 e affixed FliG(C) domains that reorients the stator interaction sites by about 90 degrees .

155 d molecules that may contribute to the rotor/stator interaction within the F(o) motor.

156 ndicate an inherent flexibility in the rotor-stator interaction.

157 e and emphasizes the importance of Mg(2+) in stator interactions.

158 ught that proton transport occurs at a rotor/stator interface between the oligomeric ring of c subuni

159 The rotor-stator interface comprises four membrane-embedded horizo

160 n mechanism for energy transfer at the rotor-stator interface regardless of the driving force powerin

161 terminal inhibitory domain at the same rotor/stator interface where the mitochondrial IF1 or the bact

162 er conditions requiring a strengthened rotor-stator interface.

163 for electrostatic interactions at the rotor-stator interface.

164 omain alter the proton interactions with the stator ion channel in a way that both increases torque o

165 The new data show that the stator is "overengineered" to resist rotor torque during

166 Either stator is sufficient for swimming, but both are necessar

167 ce of the speed at low load on the number of stators is explained by a force-dependent stepping mecha

168 This dominance might be caused by rotor-stator jamming, because it was weaker when FliG carried

169 ve to the stationary part of the enzyme (the stator), leading to proton translocation through the int

170 beetle species, Callosobruchus maculatus and Stator limbatus.

171 The stator may also apply lateral force to help keep the sta

172 conditions tested, suggesting that these two stators may have different roles in these two types of m

173 erpretation of the extensive body of data on stator mechanism.

174 a wrench opens the beta ring, and the delta' stator modulates the delta-beta interaction.

175 Different torque-generating stator modules allow motors to operate in different pH,

176 subdivided by their requirement for multiple stators (Mot proteins) or a stator-associated protein (F

177 fit well with recent experiments on a single-stator motor.

178 d reduced growth rates, implying that mutant stators not engaged with the rotor allow some proton lea

179 bunits of the F(1) part rotate relative to a stator of alpha(3)beta(3) and delta subunits during cata

180 The stator of the bacterial flagellar motor is formed from t

181 and MotB are membrane proteins that form the stator of the bacterial flagellar motor.

182 The stator of the flagellar motor is formed from the membran

183 The stator of the flagellar motor is formed from the membran

184 taches to the cell wall via MotB to form the stator of the flagellar motor.

185 n-conducting membrane proteins that form the stator of the motor.

186 oton conduction and are believed to form the stator of the motor.

187 e proteins of Escherichia coli that form the stator of the proton-fueled flagellar rotary motor.

188 eral stalks that are parts of the mechanical stator of the V-ATPase are clearly resolved as unsupport

189 tructure of most of the peripheral stalk, or stator, of the F-ATPase from bovine mitochondria, determ

190 he unloaded FliJ filament within the FliI(6) stator: omega(max) ~ 9.0 rps.

191 stator depends on the torque exerted by the stator on the rotor.

192 gle flagellum with one rotor and two sets of stators, only one of which can provide torque for swarmi

193 sal body contact site in the vicinity of the stator-P-collar junction.

194 ing on the conformational flexibility of the stator part (the carbonyl residue) and the nitrogen inve

195 Hydrazones bearing EDGs at the stator phenyl group are an exception and show up to 6 or

196 ific environments by scaffolding alternative stator placement and number.

197 ated to MotB, the peptidoglycan (PG)-binding stator protein from the flagellum, suggesting it might s

198 C-terminal domain, which interacts with the stator protein MotA to generate torque.

199 nt for function, and which interact with the stator protein MotA, cluster along a prominent ridge on

200 , a homolog of the Escherichia coli flagella stator protein MotA.

201 udes charged residues that interact with the stator protein MotA.

202 tions in both the rotor protein FliG and the stator protein MotA.

203 liL protein was enhanced in conjunction with stator proteins MotAB.

204 Torque is generated by the interaction of stator proteins, MotA and MotB, with a rotor protein Fli

205 Using GFP-tagged MotB stator proteins, we found that transient PMF disruption

206 t a/c-ring interface: Three helices from the stator region are in contact with three c(11) helices.

207 imental observations, the positively charged stator residue (R227) must assume different positions in

208 he b subunit directly to F(1) contributes to stator resistance and emphasizes the importance of Mg(2+

209 utants illuminate how finely balanced is the stator resistance function.

210 rotor 7c with the largest and most symmetric stator resulting from six peripheral silyl groups showed

211 ncreases in rotation rate upon PMF return as stators returned to the motor.

212 o novel periplasmic ring structures, and the stator ring harboring eleven stator units, adding to our

213 flux through the peptidoglycan (PG)-tethered stator ring MotA/B.

214 ent storage conditions, enzymatic digestion, stator-rotor and bead motion-based homogenizing combined

215 Both stator-rotor and bead motion-based homogenizing were fou

216 el provided accurate fits to measurements of stator-rotor binding over a wide range of loads.

217 tator complex in situ, but also revealed the stator-rotor interaction at an unprecedented detail.

218 Importantly, the stator-rotor interaction induces a conformational change

219 titatively explained by the asymmetry in the stator-rotor interaction potentials, i.e., a quasilinear

220 The rotation is generated by the stator-rotor interaction, coupled with an ion flux throu

221 otility by either disengaging or jamming the stator-rotor interaction.

222 Evidently, the switch senses stator-rotor interactions as well as the CheY-P concentr

223 gulatory role for a reversible beta/epsilon (stator/rotor) interaction that blocks rotation and inhib

224 The stator's integrity is ensured by robust attachment of bo

225 vels of c-di-GMP inhibit swarming by skewing stator selection in favor of the nonfunctional, "bad" st

226 Current models predict that the stator should be relatively rigid and engaged in contact

227 -dependent stepping, an unrealistically weak stator spring is required.

228 In Escherichia coli, the stator stalk consists of two (identical) b subunits and

229 vious work has shown that V(1) peripheral or stator stalk subunits E and G are critical for binding o

230 The "stator stalk" of F1Fo-ATP synthase is essential for rota

231 are believed to be part of the peripheral or stator stalk(s) responsible for physically and functiona

232 t via a central rotor stalk and a peripheral stator stalk.

233 subunit of F-ATPases and may be part of the "stator" stalk connecting the peripheral V(1) and membran

234 Three peripheral stator stalks connect these domains to a horizontal coll

235 e of the maximum speed, our model shows that stator-stepping is a thermally activated process with an

236 Understanding the stator structure and its interactions with the rest of t

237 hat occurs upon formation of a leash with Fo stator subunit a.

238 TP synthase concerns the dimeric coiled-coil stator subunit b of bacterial synthases.

239 subunit c) and with an F(1) component of the stator (subunit beta).

240 in contact with two of the three peripheral stators (subunit EG heterodimers): one via C(head) and o

241 linking between the b subunits and the other stator subunits (b-alpha, b-beta, b-delta, and b-a) were

242 ch is composed of Atp6p, Atp8p, at least two stator subunits, and the Atp10p chaperone while the seco

243 on the axle as it rotates within the ring of stator subunits.

244 and shorter flagella, as well as diminished stators, suggesting that FlcA is crucial for flagellar a

245 e not significantly different from wild-type stators, suggesting that the number of stators engaged i

246 s, we find a correlation between the motor's stator system and its structural elaboration.

247 outer water phase was prepared using a rotor stator system.

248 homonas, and other organisms that encode two stator systems.

249 g the first views of intact motors with dual stator systems.

250 flagellar motor (BFM) is driven by multiple stators tethered to the cell wall.

251 m that is independent of the strength of the stator tethering spring.

252 ight regulate a conformational change in the stator that acts as the powerstroke to drive rotation of

253 stalk has been proposed to be either a rigid stator that binds F(1) or an elastic structural element

254 Within the motor, MotB is a component of the stator that couples ion flow to torque generation and an

255 MotB to induce conformational changes in the stator that drive movement of the rotor.

256 The enzyme's peripheral stalk serves as the stator that holds the F(1) sector and its catalytic site

257 r the proper function of the flagellar motor stators that channel ions into the cell to drive flagell

258 The search for voluminous stators that may accommodate large rotator units and spe

259 head-prohead RNA-ATPase complex acting as a stator, the DNA acting as a spindle, and the connector a

260 dent PomAB stator and the H(+) -driven MotAB stator, the latter possibly acquired by lateral gene tra

261 Thus, it appears that stators themselves act as dynamic mechanosensors.

262 ements of the catalytic binding sites on the stator to allow synthesis and release of ATP.

263 and h-subunits, an elbow or joint allows the stator to bend to accommodate lateral movements during t

264 of FliG (FliG(C)), which interacts with the stator to generate the torque for flagellar rotation.

265 ing (C-ring) of the motor interacts with the stator to generate torque in clockwise and counterclockw

266 directly with the Mot protein complex of the stator to generate torque, and it is a crucial player in

267 dge (trans-2) that spans from one end of the stator to other, with the intention of exploring its fun

268 on flow to torque generation and anchors the stator to the cell wall.

269 wn to be important in both engagement of the stator to the rotor and the selection of the type of sta

270 The structural organization of the stator unit (MotAB), its conformational changes upon ion

271 We show that the stator unit consists of a dimer of MotB surrounded by a

272 Here, we have explored the stator unit dynamics in the MR-1 flagellar system by usi

273 yoelectron microscopy reconstructions of the stator unit in different functional states.

274 , indicate that the lifetime of an assembled stator unit increases when a higher force is applied to

275 o the rotor and the selection of the type of stator unit.

276 results, we propose that the binding of each stator-unit is enhanced by the force it develops.

277 that the amount of torque generated by each stator-unit modulates its association with the rotor.

278 to generate torque at the interface between stator units and rotor.

279 and torque affects the free energy of bound stator units captures the observed torque-dependent stat

280 Both types of stator units exchanged between motors and a pool of stat

281 We observed a total of between 7 and 11 stator units in each flagellar motor.

282 the kinetics of arrival and departure of the stator units in individual motors via analysis of high-r

283 The torque-generating stator units of the motor assemble and disassemble in re

284 The motor consists of a series of stator units surrounding a central rotor made up of two

285 or consists of a central rotor surrounded by stator units that couple ion flow across the cytoplasmic

286 ella oneidensis MR-1 possesses two different stator units to drive flagellar rotation, the Na(+) -dep

287 turned off, so that the load was again high, stator units were recruited, increasing motor speed in a

288 ile the torque remained high, but all of the stator units were released when the motor was spun near

289 The stator units which form a peptioglycan anchored ring aro

290 ctures, and the stator ring harboring eleven stator units, adding to our growing catalog of bacterial

291 Torque is generated by interaction of stator units, anchored to the peptidoglycan cell wall, w

292 The torque is provided by stator units, ion motive force-powered ion channels know

293 w that the motion is smoothed by having more stator units.

294 idensis MR-1 expresses two distinct types of stator units: the Na(+)-dependent PomA4 B2 and the H(+)-

295 ions in viscous loads, recruiting additional stator-units as the load increases.

296 ity of the two-component CTV-trismethylamine stator was investigated by (1)H variable-temperature (VT

297 umber of active torque-generating complexes (stators) was shown to vary across applied loads.

298 t electrostatic forces serve to position the stator, whereas steric forces comprise the actual "power

299 ce or overlap of signals from the deuterated stator, which is insensitive to the {(1)H}-(13)C cross-p

300 putationally modeled as a (t)Bu3P-Pt-P(t)Bu3 stator with a spinning H-Pt-H rotator.

301 hat presents remote functionalization of the stator with respect to the fluorene rotors, make these n