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1 ted to four epitopes (three dominant and one subdominant).
2 cing responses to all epitopes, dominant and subdominant.
3 then combined a subset of these dominant or subdominant Ags with a Th1 augmenting adjuvant, glucopyr
4 se to AChR and its dominant alpha146-162 and subdominant alpha182-198 peptides through epitope spread
5 residues that flank the C termini of several subdominant and cryptic epitopes are often suboptimal fo
10 heating) in the liquid oceans; I show that a subdominant and previously unconsidered tidal force due
12 ine efficacy, confirming the hypothesis that subdominant and weakly antigenic M. tuberculosis protein
15 SpyCEP may be poorly immunogenic (cryptic or subdominant), and it would be to the organism's advantag
16 t WNV target was apparent, two epitopes were subdominant, and three demonstrated little CTL reactivit
17 a priori knowledge of the immunodominant and subdominant antigenic epitopes, as well as the MHC backg
18 broadens immunity by augmenting responses to subdominant antigens and improving the survival of the C
20 Their infected infants target an otherwise subdominant B27-restricted epitope and fail to contain H
25 : when mating with the second, novel female, subdominants (but not dominants) preferentially invested
26 minant CD8 T cell epitope; the response to a subdominant CD8 T cell epitope was modestly less diverse
27 responses during infection and identified a subdominant CD8 T cell response that is numerically and
30 nding underscores the difficulty of inducing subdominant CD8(+) T cells by vaccination and demonstrat
31 he acquisition of cytokine responsiveness by subdominant CD8(+) T cells precedes their development of
32 served a significant expansion of functional subdominant CD8(+) T cells, resulting in significantly i
33 ulation with antigen, the HA210-219-specific subdominant CD8(+) T lymphocytes give rise to daughter c
35 nd the levels of small subsets of previously subdominant CD8+ T cells expanded up to 2,500-fold above
37 otential (granzyme B(+) CD107a(+)) targeting subdominant CE epitopes, compared with the responses eli
39 es, the relapse clone could be identified as subdominant clones in the diagnostic sample in 8 of 14 p
42 al epitopes and suggest that cross-reactive, subdominant clonotypes may retain greater capacity to su
43 with peptides representing variant epitopes, subdominant clonotypes produce higher relative levels of
45 sion and lower C127 expression compared with subdominant clonotypes, and TCR avidity positively corre
46 ing H1 influenza viruses that the previously subdominant, conserved lateral patch had become immunodo
47 (ISPRTLNAW) epitope of Gag, while generally subdominant, correlated with delayed progression to dise
48 notypic immunodominance and allows otherwise subdominant cross-reactive B cell responses to emerge.
49 ped an immunodominant response to a normally subdominant, cross-reactive epitope (nucleoprotein resid
51 We have identified the immunodominant and subdominant CTL responses and subsequently assessed the
54 rol was associated with responses to several subdominant cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes, whereas the
56 o acids 82 to 90 (K(d)M2(82-90)) than on the subdominant D(b)M(187-195) epitope response, indicating
57 e with less illness, whereas mutation of the subdominant D(b)M(187-195) response resulted in overcomp
58 the role of a dominant (K(d)M2(82-90)) and a subdominant (D(b)M(187-195)) epitope of respiratory sync
59 epitopes have been classified as dominant or subdominant depending on the magnitude of the CTL respon
60 ntroduction of a dibasic motif adjacent to a subdominant determinant enhances the presentation of thi
63 Little is known about how immunodominant and subdominant determinants are distinguished by the TCD8+
67 revealed that the poor immunogenicity of two subdominant determinants reflects limitations in T cell
70 ively suppress the expansion of dominant and subdominant effectors simultaneously but, in some few ca
71 6-214)-specific CD8(+) T cell specificities (subdominant effectors) in response to pMHC-coated nanopa
72 se of peripheral blood CD8(+) T cells to the subdominant Env epitopes were not as great as those to t
73 mmunization, CD8(+) T cells specific for the subdominant Env p15m and p54m epitopes and/or the domina
74 s study, we generated dominant Gag p11C- and subdominant Env p41A-specific CD8(+) T-lymphocyte respon
75 model and found that the previously defined subdominant Env-specific CD8(+) T cells are endowed with
76 quired additional direct presentation of the subdominant epitope by T Ag-transformed cells and was on
79 in BALB/c mice, the GP(283-291) epitope is a subdominant epitope in BALB/c mice that becomes dominant
81 ified a new RSV-specific, H-2K(d)-restricted subdominant epitope in the M2 protein, M2(127-135) (amin
84 minant ovalbumin epitope SIINFEKL (ova8) and subdominant epitope KRVVFDKL, using either vaccinia viru
85 later emerging CTL response specific for the subdominant epitope may contribute to the control of vir
87 +) T lymphocytes specific for a dominant and subdominant epitope of influenza hemagglutinin using act
88 e eliminated, whereas T cells specific for a subdominant epitope on the same protein preferentially e
90 g-transformed cells, we demonstrate that the subdominant epitope V is weakly cross-presented relative
93 virus infection, memory CTLp specific for a subdominant epitope were selectively primed by vaccinati
94 resulted in effective viral clearance by the subdominant epitope with less illness, whereas mutation
95 e show that memory CD8 T cells specific to a subdominant epitope within the RSV fusion (F) protein fa
96 -38 (HDIILECV; restricted by B4002), and one subdominant epitope, E6 52-61 (FAFRDLCIVY; restricted by
97 ted CD8(+) T cells directed against only one subdominant epitope, regardless of the vaccination regim
98 oss-reactive T-cell responses to LCMV, and a subdominant epitope, VV-a11r198, did generate cross-reac
100 uggest that the limited clonal repertoire of subdominant epitope-specific CD8(+) T-lymphocyte populat
101 loy TCRs with multiple CDR3 lengths, whereas subdominant epitope-specific cells employ TCRs with a mo
102 for its ability to elicit both dominant and subdominant epitope-specific CTL responses in rhesus mon
107 f low-frequency CD4+ T cells targeting other subdominant epitopes appeared in blood several weeks lat
108 trate that potent secondary CTL responses to subdominant epitopes are rapidly generated following a p
109 on cytokine profiles, CTL specific for these subdominant epitopes are Tc2, in contrast to CTL for the
110 the constellation of chemically dominant and subdominant epitopes as a whole, and did not discriminat
111 to account for weak CD8(+) CTL responses to subdominant epitopes at the level of CD8(+) T lymphocyte
112 y be due to the coexpression of dominant and subdominant epitopes by the same antigen-presenting cell
113 omeningitis virus model, we demonstrate that subdominant epitopes can be more reliably identified by
114 data indicate that memory CTLp specific for subdominant epitopes can be primed by Sendai virus infec
116 emonstrating that memory CTLp primed against subdominant epitopes can participate in an immune respon
117 mice vaccinated using the vaccine targeting subdominant epitopes caught up with the conventionally v
118 immunodominance did not shift to other known subdominant epitopes despite the capacity of these mice
119 Vbeta repertoire, whereas those specific for subdominant epitopes employ a dramatically more focused
120 e concentrations, while T cells specific for subdominant epitopes expand maximally to high peptide co
121 CD8 T cell responses to dominant as well as subdominant epitopes following infection with lymphocyti
122 effector CTL and memory CTLp to dominant and subdominant epitopes following Sendai virus infection of
123 nt epitopes form stable complexes, while the subdominant epitopes form less stable complexes with H2-
127 We identified a series of immunodominant and subdominant epitopes from alpha fetoprotein (AFP), restr
128 dramatically suppress the immunogenicity of subdominant epitopes in the context of gene-based vaccin
129 nting a minimum of four to seven dominant or subdominant epitopes in these conserved N and C termini.
130 DNA vaccines encoding isolated dominant and subdominant epitopes induce equivalent responses, confir
131 pitope hierarchies by enhancing responses to subdominant epitopes induced by recombinant modified vac
132 (498-505) nor the dominance hierarchy of the subdominant epitopes is due solely to MHC or TCR affinit
134 estingly, CTL function towards both of these subdominant epitopes is restricted by the H-2D molecule,
136 RT1(u)-restricted immunodominant and several subdominant epitopes on CII often share a QGPRG-like mot
137 and characterized an immunodominant and five subdominant epitopes on CII, which stimulate RT1(u)-rest
138 onstration that coexpression of dominant and subdominant epitopes on the same antigen-presenting cell
139 an Ad vector lacking most of the E1 region, subdominant epitopes outside this region were recognized
140 CD8(+) T lymphocytes (T(CD8)) responding to subdominant epitopes provide alternate targets for the i
142 FN-gamma(+) cytotoxic effector cells against subdominant epitopes that were either absent or in low f
143 t latency, while CD8(+) T cells specific for subdominant epitopes undergo functional impairment that
145 phocytes specific for the immunodominant and subdominant epitopes were maintained to a remarkable deg
148 opes in C57BL/6 mice, 19 (gB(498-505) and 18 subdominant epitopes) stimulated CD8(+) T cells in the s
149 future vaccines should preferentially target subdominant epitopes, the idea being that this should al
166 the virus nucleoprotein, of two overlapping subdominant epitopes: one presented by L(d) and the othe
168 he SIV Gag p11C (dominant) and SIV Pol p68A (subdominant) epitopes that are consistently generated in
169 nalyzed, the immunodominant response and the subdominant F and HN responses were comprised of both hi
170 In tapasin-deficient mice, responses to subdominant fast off-rate peptides were clearly favored.
175 memory CD8(+) T lymphocytes directed to the subdominant HA210-219 epitope results in the generation
176 ntly increased cytotoxic T cell responses to subdominant highly conserved Gag epitopes and maximized
177 icularly attractive immunogens for targeting subdominant HIV-1 envelope V1V2-neutralizing antibody-pr
178 D8+CD127+ memory T cell pools specific for a subdominant HLA-A2-restricted Env(121-129) epitope (KLTP
179 e studied human CD8+ T cell responses to the subdominant HLA-A2-restricted epitope TV9 (Gag p24(19-27
183 ent mice, in effect rendering these epitopes subdominant; however, responses to these epitopes are in
185 OMPs is consistent with the hypothesis that "subdominant" immunogens are required for vaccine-induced
186 -specific CTL response was low frequency and subdominant in both SHIV-infected monkeys and in monkeys
188 ominant and NAb responses against fiber were subdominant in sera from vaccinated mice, vaccinated hum
191 esentation of the immunodominant but not the subdominant kappa epitope; Ag refolding restored kappa e
193 ses to 2 A2-restricted peptide epitopes: the subdominant latency membrane protein-2 (LMP2) peptide CL
194 patients; however, responses to some of the subdominant latent proteins will be needed to target oth
195 ary CD8 T cell response to both dominant and subdominant LCMV CTL epitopes was approximately 2- to 3-
196 itope sequence, M57727-734, and the normally subdominant LCMV epitope L2062-2069, indicating a profou
199 -specific CD8 T cells targeting dominant and subdominant major histocompatibility complex class I epi
203 stemic T cell responses against dominant and subdominant neoantigen epitopes derived from mutations,
204 ow that epitope-focused immunogens can boost subdominant neutralizing antibody responses in vivo and
207 e antibody gene family targeted a previously subdominant, occluded epitope at the head interface.
210 of four C-terminal residues that flank other subdominant or cryptic epitopes in OVA reduced the prese
211 ows high-avidity CD8(+) T cells specific for subdominant or cryptic epitopes to persist while effecti
213 d in each population, such that dominant and subdominant OT-I cells were maintained at stable frequen
216 rexpression of PAR4 in T. cruzi enhanced the subdominant PAR4-specific CD8(+) T cell response, result
217 dy we define and quantitatively monitor four subdominant PCC-specific clonotypes that express Valpha1
218 he extent of spreading and the presence of a subdominant peak upstream of the transcription start sit
219 hat both the N- and C-terminal flanks of the subdominant peptide are suboptimal for Ag presentation.
220 e hypothesized that immunizing patients with subdominant peptide epitopes derived from HER-2/neu, usi
222 hat cause diminished CD4 T cell responses to subdominant peptides after such multipeptide immunizatio
225 cessed and presented PLP139-151, but not the subdominant PLP178-191, PLP56-70, or PLP104-117 epitopes
226 ated animals, developed CTL responses to the subdominant Pol epitope that were detectable only after
228 a previously unrecognized role played by the subdominant Pol-specific KY9 response in HLA-B 2705-medi
230 ect evidence that demonstrates the growth of subdominant populations to dominance in the absence of a
231 vidity for pMHC, whereas T-bet(int)Eomes(hi) subdominant populations were characterized by higher pMH
237 by vaccination (where IFN-gamma was by far a subdominant response) vs natural infection; in addition,
238 We compare the kinetics of the dominant and subdominant responses after vaccination with those follo
242 hereas conserved epitopes generally elicited subdominant responses during both primary and chronic in
244 e memory population, as well as of transient subdominant responses that were not detected at the memo
245 accinated volunteers, potentially protective subdominant responses to PfCSP C-terminal regions expand
246 epitope present in the viral M protein, and subdominant responses were directed against epitopes pre
247 D8(+) response expands more rapidly than the subdominant responses, but after virus infection is clea
248 supporting the superiority of dominant over subdominant responses, immunodominant epitopes represent
249 hesis that dominant T-cell responses inhibit subdominant responses, we eliminated the two dominant ep
254 oriolis force, and the Lorentz force plays a subdominant role; this has led to conclusions that these
255 ral gap--defined as the distance between the subdominant RP resonance and the unit circle--plays a ma
257 D8(+) T cells specific for both dominant and subdominant Sendai virus epitopes persisted for many wee
259 he challenge of identifying an uncertain and subdominant signal in the presence of uncertain backgrou
260 zoites demonstrated that this CTL epitope is subdominant since it is not recognized in the context of
262 xes-the immunodominant SVG9 (E protein), the subdominant SLF9 (NS4B protein), and the immunorecessive
263 ivers of the poor proliferation observed for subdominant specificities showed that the immunodominanc
264 tionally impaired, helpless CD8 T cells of a subdominant specificity had increased numbers and enhanc
266 A roughly equal fraction of peptides have subdominant status, i.e. they induce weak-to-nondetectab
277 variants revealed that anti-PD-1 invigorates subdominant TCD8 responses by relieving their lysis-depe
278 LAG-3, TIM-3), PD-1 was highly expressed by subdominant TCD8, which correlated with their propensity
279 , and proliferation profiles of dominant and subdominant TCR clonotypes to evaluate the relationship
281 fection, the stem domain was immunologically subdominant to the head in terms of serum antibody produ
284 ar frequencies of immunodominant TSKB20- and subdominant TSKB18-specific CD8+ T cells following T. cr
285 cognizing the dominant TSKB20 (ANYKFTLV) and subdominant TSKB74 (VNYDFTLV) trans-sialidase gene (TS)-
286 e partly because of the weak activity toward subdominant tumor antigens (TAg) and to tumors expressin
287 the basis for the lack of priming against a subdominant tumor epitope following immunization of C57B
289 ambda L chains instead of allowing otherwise subdominant V2-glycan broadly neutralizing Abs to develo
290 ion, mice which had been immunized with the "subdominant" vaccine retain both dominant and subdominan
291 ly CD8 T cell responses to both dominant and subdominant VACV epitopes, correlating with its strong i
294 cell response directed against dominant and subdominant VACV-WR Ags, followed by a CD4 T cell and Ig
295 residues 159 to 166 [VP3(159-166)]) and/or a subdominant viral epitope (VP3(173-181)) of susceptible
296 compatibility complexes (pMHC) compared with subdominant virus-specific T cells expressing lower leve
297 against one dominant (VP3(159-166)) and two subdominant (VP1(11-20) and VP3(173-181)) capsid protein
298 ) to T lymphocytes specific for M2(127-135) (subdominant) were approximately 3:1 in the spleen and 10
300 ele frequencies may drive the elimination of subdominant yet effective epitopes from circulating vira