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1 fifth brain mode (mutual inhibition/masking summation).
2 tion of inputs in cortex relies on nonlinear summation.
3 ptations of hawkmoth LMCs suited for spatial summation.
4 hese LMC types strong candidates for spatial summation.
5 ation to static images and nonlinear spatial summation.
6 icocallosal connections showed more temporal summation.
7 V function and volume from serial short-axis summation.
8 nnels combining their outputs by probability summation.
9 age correction, and consideration of spatial summation.
10 d binocular summation or pointwise binocular summation.
11 minimizes nAChR desensitization and promotes summation.
12 ntially achieve a similar effect with neural summation.
14 over time, however, according to cumulative summation analysis, only 7 participants (26.9%) identifi
15 y was well accounted for by a linear weighed summation and a divisive normalization of the responses
16 results provide a unified account of spatial summation and attention-related modulation across both t
18 ely nullifying the contributions of temporal summation and depression, and found the greatest diversi
19 nted to the two eyes such that the binocular summation and difference signals were tilted in opposite
20 g evidence that the brain contains binocular summation and differencing channels that adapt to the pr
21 brain using mutually decorrelated binocular summation and differencing channels; when a channel is s
23 EPSP decay preferentially enhanced temporal summation and firing elicited by gamma frequency inputs.
24 spectra by multiple similar spectrum signal summation and redundant/contaminant spectra removal, (iv
28 se the magnitude of tachycardia via temporal summation, and blood pressure increases as a function of
30 ignaling state permits minutes-long temporal summation, and modest spectral separation of the silent
33 gs demonstrate that stereopsis and binocular summation are significantly correlated in patients who h
34 y neural candidates for carrying out spatial summation are the lamina monopolar cells (LMCs) of the f
35 n modes' (unicity, equivalence, association, summation) as building blocks able to describe the assoc
36 pain, however, anxiety and hot pain temporal summation at the forearm explained 17% of the variabilit
37 re, tear breakup time, and hot pain temporal summation at the forearm explained 25% of the variabilit
40 manipulating ADS strongly influences spinal summation consistent with sex differences in behavioral
41 ions decayed faster and showed less temporal summation, consistent with increased Ih in corticocollic
42 Taken together, our results show that signal summation describes the composition of a model prokaryot
50 Brain radioactivity (KBq/mL) was measured in summation images created from the attenuation- and motio
51 dings position our understanding of binaural summation in a broader context of work on sensory signal
53 CN channel plasticity and increased temporal summation in layer 5 ACC neurons following nerve injury.
54 in the shell displayed significant degree of summation in response to train stimulation of CINs, cont
55 ergic interneurons displays a high degree of summation in the shell and shows unique modulation by en
56 lels earlier findings of compressive spatial summation in visual cortex describing responses to stimu
58 icles with low probability so that extensive summation is required to reach the relatively high actio
60 y between short-term plasticity and temporal summation mediates the decoding of temporal sequences in
62 ntal approach was developed utilizing a time summation model incorporating temperature-dependent line
66 t cells; (3) cells with complex-like spatial summation nonlinearity; and (4) cells with Y-like spatia
67 significantly increases and that supralinear summation occurs and increases with muscle contraction s
69 els and all Purdue pegboard test scores (for summation of all scores R(2) = 0.902, p = 0.001) in the
70 -mediated currents result in strong temporal summation of AON inputs within piriform pyramidal neuron
71 se mantis neurons are consistent with linear summation of binocular inputs followed by an output nonl
73 hin ~+/-7 ms around 0 ms result in sublinear summation of Ca(2+) entry because of synaptic activation
75 e regression analysis (odds ratio [95% CI]), summation of daily Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction
76 n der Waals-London forces based on pair-wise summation of dipole-dipole interactions across an interf
79 1 signaling will be discussed, followed by a summation of evidence showing an additive effect of the
83 ssion depends on the interaction between the summation of incoming excitatory inputs to the striatum
84 cer annotation was obtained for each cell by summation of independent experimental datasets with the
85 his is more severe than expected from simple summation of individual defects, suggesting that LPAR6 a
86 cal behavior of arrays working either as the summation of individual electrodes or being affected by
90 lowing of adult ADHD patients was based on a summation of internal processing delays arising at perce
91 l output cells were well-predicted by linear summation of kinetically-distinct rod- and cone-mediated
94 of nociceptive inputs, influence the spinal summation of nociceptive signals contributing to sex/inf
95 ar effect of background illumination, linear summation of non-patterned stimuli, and lateral inhibiti
96 1 standard deviation lower corneal index, a summation of normalized versions of CH and CCT, resulted
100 d pain with repeated stimuli [i.e., temporal summation of pain (TSP)] reflects attributes of their "p
102 ions, blocking KA channels enhanced temporal summation of postsynaptic potentials and critically alte
103 (CMC) from health care records and used the summation of presence/absence of hypertension, hyperlipi
104 e inflammatory potential of diet, based on a summation of pro- and anti-inflammatory nutrients, is as
105 phenotype of interest, we hypothesized that summation of risk-allele-associated gene expression, nam
106 -off value of 150 mg/kg achieved the highest summation of sensitivity and specificity for clinical re
107 gest that ADHD presentation may arise from a summation of several clinical, developmental, or cogniti
110 to fivefold greater than predicted by linear summation of single spike-evoked Ca(2+)-transients.
111 the young neurons lead to efficient temporal summation of small NMDA currents, dynamic unblocking of
112 These simulations yield strongly sublinear summation of spine Ca(2+) entry for the case of perfect
116 coffee roasted in a spouted bed reactor, the summation of the 16 PAHs ranged from 3.5 to 16.4 mug kg(
119 ity Index and symptoms of depression using a summation of the General Distress/Depression and Anhedon
121 The phenotype of SERT knockout rats was a summation of the phenotypes generated by MRN- and DRN-sp
122 P450 ensemble cannot be predicted by simple summation of the properties of the individual P450 speci
123 onductance were significantly lower than the summation of the responses evoked by each reflex alone.
124 ion of the two reflexes are greater than the summation of the responses evoked by each reflex) and hy
125 terminals by a capsaicin-like current allows summation of the responses from individual terminals, th
126 e multisensory condition exceeded the linear summation of the responses obtained in each unimodal con
127 ntial can be well approximated by the linear summation of the two postsynaptic potentials elicited se
129 ed tonic control, in which phase-independent summation of twitch responses produces varying amounts o
130 y proposed that GF spike timing results from summation of two visual features whose detection is high
131 lts in bimodal performance consistent with a summation of unimodal estimates weighted in proportion t
132 with better-eye, average-eye, and binocular summation of VA (r = -0.12 to -0.25), but not different
134 ese trends are consistent with the nonlinear summation of visual inputs that is expected to take plac
136 sum of the total proanthocyanidin content ( summation operator DP1-DP13) decreased from 30mg epicate
137 tor watery eyes (P = .02), and 53% for daily summation operator runny nose (P = .005) when compared w
138 for maximum TNSSs (P = .004), 83% for daily summation operator sneezing (P = .001), 75% for daily su
140 ved for the primary outcome measure of daily summation operator TNSS, for maximum TNSS and for a subs
141 edian relative reductions were 40% for daily summation operator TNSSs (P = .02), 43% for maximum TNSS
142 he nasal filters significantly reduced daily summation operator TNSSs (P = .03) and maximum TNSSs (P
143 operator sneezing (P = .001), 75% for daily summation operator watery eyes (P = .02), and 53% for da
145 correlated well with its phase-I metabolite summation operator-2'-hydroxy-TCC (r = 0.49) and the man
146 ion operator-3'-chloro-TCC C (r = 0.79), and summation operator-2'-hydroxy-TCC correlated strongly wi
147 C (r = 0.49) and the manufacturing byproduct summation operator-3'-chloro-TCC C (r = 0.79), and summa
149 inorganic fraction of arsenic species, iAs= summation operator[As(III)+As(V)] present in fish sample
150 tion operator5phthalates, 65 and 78 ng/dm(2) summation operator10BFRs, and 1200 and 310 ng/dm(2) summ
151 perator3 followed by summation operator9 and summation operator11 boundaries with negligible segregat
152 ated) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( summation operator13 PAHs) were determined from the subt
153 The dry deposition fluxes of aerosol phase summation operator14OPE ranged from 4 to 140 ng m(-2) d(
154 els ranging from 0.4 to 6.0 ng m(-3) for the summation operator14OPEs and a lack of significant diffe
157 ed an accessible PAH fraction of 41 +/- 1% ( summation operator16 US EPA PAHs + 5 further PAHs).
158 inated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans ( summation operator17PCDD/Fs) show generally higher media
160 yr) in the second time period, we found that summation operator19PBDE level (mean +/- SE ng/g lipid)
162 h variability of concentrations with highest summation operator26PFAS concentrations in vegetative co
164 t in foliage, while the total tree burden of summation operator26PFASs per tree was up to 11 mg for b
165 t is potentially feasible to remove 1.4 g of summation operator26PFASs per year and hectare from (hea
166 potentially removing 0.65 g yr(-1) ha(-1) of summation operator26PFASs, while a simple meadow with gr
168 "emerging" polybrominated diphenyl ethers' ( summation operator27PBDEs) median concentrations were hi
170 acial excess was predicted at the incoherent summation operator3 followed by summation operator9 and
171 ended soils contained 17 600 +/- 2330 mug/kg summation operator3-7PBDE (total organic carbon (TOC) ba
172 atic index was also negatively correlated to summation operator4-OH-PAHs (p < 0.05) but not for summa
175 r fabrics accumulated 3475 and 1950 ng/dm(2) summation operator5phthalates, 65 and 78 ng/dm(2) summat
179 decade, the total Arctic Ocean inventory of summation operator7PCB was estimated to 182 +/- 40 t (+/
181 e incoherent summation operator3 followed by summation operator9 and summation operator11 boundaries
182 is characterized by summation operatorPAHs/ summation operatorAlkylated PAHs = approximately 0.2 and
183 0.01-61 ng/m(3) for summation operatorPAHs, summation operatoralkylated PAHs and SigmaDBTs, respecti
185 We compared racial/ethnic differences in summation operatorandrogen-disruptor among 2842 reproduc
186 peratorandrogen-disruptor (48-64%), and that summation operatorandrogen-disruptor decreased over time
187 ped a potency-weighted sum of daily intake ( summation operatorandrogen-disruptor; mug/kg/day) of di-
190 nic and methylated urinary arsenic species ( summation operatorAs) at baseline was used as a biomarke
191 ly correlated with handwipe PBDE (Spearman r summation operatorBDE-47, -99, -100 = 0.48, p = 0.09), b
193 f a melting snowpack leads to early peaks in summation operatorBT in both streams, except the sites i
194 Creek watershed have likely led to elevated summation operatorBT in groundwater, with elevated conce
198 itive associations between postnatal MEP and summation operatorDEHP concentrations depended on the ti
199 associations of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ( summation operatorDEHP) metabolites and monoethyl phthal
201 f aerosol-bound summation operatorPCDD/F and summation operatordl-PCB to the global oceans was estima
203 lation was found for summation operatorHNPs, summation operatorHFRs increased significantly with body
205 omega(-) for the studied anion radicals and summation operatorkomegak(+)(r) which affords good estim
208 operatorPCBs ranged from -87% to 567% and in summation operatorOH-PCBs ranged from -51 to 358% (5th-9
213 trations of dispersed crude oil (0.7-7 mug/L summation operatorPAH), here we exposed a broader range
215 tion of the 16 EPA Priority Pollutant PAHs ( summation operatorPAH16) in dated core intervals and sur
216 a certified weathered slick oil (4.74 mug/L summation operatorPAH50) from the DWH event, significant
217 dfires are achieved, including, for example, summation operatorPAHs (160 (min)-1100 (max) Mg), summat
218 3), 0.15-230 ng/m(3) and 0.01-61 ng/m(3) for summation operatorPAHs, summation operatoralkylated PAHs
220 eratorAlkylated PAHs = approximately 0.2 and summation operatorPAHs/ summation operatorDBTs = approxi
223 ted dust reported elsewhere increased median summation operatorPBDE daily intakes by approximately 19
224 Normalized to body weight, estimated median summation operatorPBDE exposures (from food and dust com
226 ax) Mg), summation operatorPCBs (14-300 kg), summation operatorPBDEs (8.8-590 kg), alpha-endosulfan (
227 controls in lipid-adjusted concentrations of summation operatorPBDEs (for cases, median = 12.8 ng/g l
229 fish was disaggregated by types, BDE-99 and summation operatorPBDEs increased by 13.8%(4.0, 24.7%) a
230 BDE-47, -99, -153, and -209 and their sum ( summation operatorPBDEs) were measured in cord serum.
232 cancer (for the fourth vs. first quartile of summation operatorPBDEs, adjusted odd ratio = 0.62, 95%
240 hemes in estimating total of PCB congeners ( summation operatorPCB) and dioxin-like PCB toxic equival
242 tion operatorPAHs (160 (min)-1100 (max) Mg), summation operatorPCBs (14-300 kg), summation operatorPB
243 taries, the geometric mean concentrations of summation operatorPCBs (sum of 85 congeners) ranged from
244 mmunities (n = 200) for all 209 PCBs (median summation operatorPCBs = 45 ng/g lw) and 12 hydroxylated
245 stocks, annual emissions rates of 203 kg for summation operatorPCBs and 3 kg for PCB 11 explain obser
246 with controls, after exposure to 76 mug/m(3) summation operatorPCBs as adjusted for continuous exposu
249 ner-specific analysis showed 1.5-fold higher summation operatorPCBs in the lungs of nose-only exposed
252 cago's legacy stocks hold 276 +/- 147 tonnes summation operatorPCBs, with 0.2 tonnes added annually.
253 dry atmospheric deposition of aerosol-bound summation operatorPCDD/F and summation operatordl-PCB to
254 OctaCCD and octaCDF respectively dominated summation operatorPCDD7 (89% average) and summation oper
255 ubstituted PCDD and 10 PCDF congeners showed summation operatorPCDD7 ranging from 2214 to 71821 pg g(
257 anging from 2214 to 71821 pg g(-1) lipid and summation operatorPCDF10 from 355 to 13707 pg g(-1) lipi
258 As displayed relatively low concentrations ( summation operatorPFAAs = 0.06-0.5 ng g(-1) dw) while th
260 The concentrations of 14 ionizable PFAS ( summation operatorPFAS) in freshly deposited snow (760-3
261 counted for a relatively minor proportion of summation operatorPFASs, while perfluorooctanesulfonate,
268 increases were detected in concentrations of summation operatorTBCDs (p = 0.029, average increase 1.4
270 can sufficiently predict mixture toxicity ( summation operatorTU close to 1), but CA based on [M]tis
271 es had eggs containing significantly greater summation operatorVMS concentrations (median: 178 ng g(-
279 y, we express the ab initio probability as a summation over all alignment-consistent indel histories.
280 eat type, global volumes were quantified via summation over all slices covering the entire ventricle.
282 ity and stability suggest a mechanism-linear summation over static synaptic weights-by which downstre
287 erences between the area of complete spatial summation (Ricco's area, RA) in eyes with and without no
290 and ever larger eyes [2], or neurally, with summation strategies, which sacrifice acuity and leave i
291 al thresholds and cold and hot pain temporal summation (surrogate measures of central sensitization)
292 OB inputs had significantly broader temporal summation that was dependent on the activation of NMDA r
294 e spatiotemporal characteristics of synaptic summation, these numbers suggest that there will be non-
295 e level of background noise through temporal summation to guide the extremely rapid vocal-motor adjus
296 impaired synaptic facilitation and temporal summation, two forms of short-term plasticity essential
299 nd that all visual areas exhibit subadditive summation, whereby responses to longer stimuli are less