ライフサイエンスコーパス: switch region

1 ragment of the murine immunoglobulin Sgamma3 switch region.

2 frequency remains constant across the entire switch region.

3 nt in cells from mice with a deletion of the switch region.

4 petitive sequence that forms the core of the switch region.

5 d by the "sterile" RNA transcript across the switch region.

6 ated to transcribe the gamma3 or the gamma2b switch region.

7 ed transcription initiates within the strand-switch region.

8 ing intronic sequences are inserted into the switch region.

9 sm mediated by binding to the RNA polymerase switch region.

10 entified uracil residues in the variable and switch regions.

11 multiple DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in switch regions.

12 tructure and conformational stability of the switch regions.

13 processes to particular donor and recipient switch regions.

14 the recombining pair of donor and recipient switch regions.

15 and breaks (DSBs) in the long and repetitive switch regions.

16 nstream Ch, followed by fusion of the broken switch regions.

17 , and impaired end-joining in the recombined switch regions.

18 nsity on the nontemplate strand of mammalian switch regions.

19 ding the telomeres, rDNA, and immunoglobulin switch regions.

20 d to be a general feature of mammalian class switch regions.

21 stitutions of A.T base pairs in variable and switch regions.

22 via an extended interface that includes both switch regions.

23 -sheet and stabilizes the N-terminus and the switch regions.

24 generates hypermutation in the mu and gamma switch regions.

25 d alpha5 to accommodate binding to the Cdc42 switch regions.

26 equires loop-out and deletion of DNA between switch regions.

27 against the G domain in the vicinity of the Switch regions.

28 lized by a hydrophobic interface between the switch regions.

29 nterface between the putative conformational switch regions.

30 intrachromosomal deletional process between switch regions.

31 e level of DNA rearrangements between the Ig switch regions.

32 in the basal and activated states, acting as switch regions.

33 f these loops but none of the conformational switch regions.

34 ched loci, which occurs mostly within strand switch regions.

35 ding of GRD and a C terminus adjacent to the switch regions.

36 begin early in the repetitive portion of the switch regions.

37 idenced from Sgamma remnants in Smu-Sepsilon switch regions.

38 es numerous DNA cytosine deaminations within switch regions.

39 on and repair of DNA double-strand breaks in switch regions.

40 nformational dynamics, especially in the two switch regions.

41 nase (AID), in the absence of mammalian-type switch regions.

42 accumulation of 53BP1 at the immunoglobulin switch regions.

43 tance to reprogramming in replication-timing switch regions.

44 resented with increased microhomology use at switched regions.

45 itive domain of one G protein, i.e. Galpha13 switch region 1 (Galpha13SR1), can directly participate

46 Mammalian antibody switch regions (~1500 bp) are composed of a series of cl

47 another switch region of G13, i.e. Galpha13 switch region 2 (Galpha13SR2) may represent a more globa

48 Here, we provide evidence that switch region 2 (SR2) of the ubiquitously expressed G pr

49 rect binding of the talin head domain to the switch region 2 sequence of the Galpha13 subunit.

50 tive zone of the murine Sgamma3 and Sgamma2b switch regions, a chemical probing method was used to ob

51 amma sequences, indicating that sequences of switch regions act together in the choice of switch reco

52 form of RasG60A unexpectedly shows that the switch regions adopt an open conformation reminiscent of

53 y hydrolysable analogue GMPPNP show that the switch regions adopt similar conformations in both compl

54 the presence of Mg(2+) and a conformation of switch regions also observed in the structure of GDP-bou

55 rates few and mostly isolated uracils in the switch region, although processive AID deaminations are

56 Mice with a targeted disruption of the alpha-switch region and 5' H chain gene (IgA(-/-) mice), which

57 d the role of pS38 in AID activity at the Ig switch region and off-target Myc gene.

58 e single amino acid substitutions into the S-switch region and the betaE'-F loop, and screened for mu

59 ge in the Runt domain, particularly in the S-switch region and the betaE'-F loop.

60 iated with reduced mutation frequency at the switch regions and a bias toward blunt junctions.

61 ic determinants of SRE activation within the switch regions and a C-terminal region.

62 s involving immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) switch regions and an oncogene such as Myc represent ini

63 tivation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) to switch regions and by the subsequent generation of doubl

64 been implicated in translocations between Ig switch regions and c-Myc in plasma cell tumors in mice.

65 on elongation factor, Ts, also recognize the switch regions and destabilize the Mg(2+)-binding site,

66 ane helices, coiled-coil regions, structural switch regions and disulfide-bonds.

67 lpha)(1) interface involves the Gi(alpha)(1) switch regions and Gi(alpha)(1)-144-151, a site within t

68 g reaction was dependent on the evolution of switch regions and multiple constant regions in the IgH

69 ror-prone fashion, creating breaks in the Ig switch regions and mutations in the variable regions.

70 hat double strand breaks (DSBs) may occur in switch regions and participate in the recombination tran

71 nsive structural rearrangements in the Sec4p switch regions and phosphate-binding loop that are incom

72 A double strand breaks (DSBs) at recombining switch regions and repair of these breaks by nonhomologo

73 (CSR) is directed by the long and repetitive switch regions and requires activation-induced cytidine

74 ss-switch recombination (CSR) occurs between switch regions and requires transcription and activation

75 ural information is somehow shared among the switch regions and the different nucleotide binding moti

76 t further revealed altered positions for the switch regions and throughout the Galpha(i1) subunit, ac

77 between the bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) "switch region" and the viral non-nucleoside reverse tran

78 SAMHD1 localizes at the immunoglobulin (Ig) switch region, and serves as a novel DNA repair regulato

79 1 duplex binding sites in each of the G-rich switch regions, and LR1 bound at contiguous sites may en

80 ound in chromosomal telomers, immunoglobulin switch regions, and recombination sites.

81 ds of base pairs upstream of the core repeat switch regions, and the area where the R-loops initiate

82 whereas in solution, in the absence of PEG, switch regions appear to remain disordered in what we ca

83 On the Rab5 side, both switch regions are involved in the interaction.

84 Switch regions are joined by a mechanism that requires a

85 rates mimicking the mammalian immunoglobulin switch regions are particularly good AID substrates in v

86 n important function of the bridge helix and switch regions as an anti-backtracking ratchet and an RN

87 They are also found at Pol II strand switch regions as determined with ChIP.

88 ction cannot be conferred solely through the switch regions as is usually inferred.

89 vity making hydrophobic interactions in the "switch region", as well as with alpha2-heme like a molec

90 ha 94 H-bond, while the second involves the "switch" region, as monitored by the Tyr alpha 42...Asp b

91 tion (ChIP) assays we identified two allelic switch regions (ASRs) that mark boundaries of epigenetic

92 xplain the conservation of tandemly repeated switch regions associated with heavy chain constant gene

93 ) and transcription initiation of downstream switch regions at the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (Igh) l

94 Transcription through mammalian switch regions, because of their GC-rich composition, ge

95 ced single-strand breaks in Igh variable and switch regions become substrates simultaneously for BER

96 nt of LR1 may therefore function to organize switch regions before, during, or after switch recombina

97 and a slow-acting alterative end joining of switch region breaks during CSR.

98 roaches identified substitutions in the RNAP switch regions, bridge helix, and trigger loop that mimi

99 f a bidirectional promoter within the strand-switch region, but suggest that other factors are also i

100 ns as follows: stabilization of the Gialpha1 switch regions by RGS4 and the catalytic action of RGS4

101 The transcribed switch regions can recombine, leading to a change of the

102 t evidence for an essential role for APE1 in switch region cleavage and CSR.

103 omal translocations, extensive use of distal switch regions (consistent with end resection), and pref

104 The immunoglobulin heavy chain switch regions contain multiple runs of guanines on the

105 lu(632)) follows the Walker B motif, and the switch region contains a histidine (TAP2 His(661)).

106 Thus, the active conformation of the switch regions conveys information about the identity of

107 mination on both DNA strands at the acceptor switch region correlates with the class switch efficienc

108 Another switch region corresponds to a single residue in the EGF

109 bunits in the 'unswapped' structure, and two switch region cysteines (104 and 109) from each subunit

110 ntly are joined within S mu to form internal switch region deletions (ISD).

111 t the RNA synthesis start site, resulting in switch region-dependent RNAP clamp closure and open prom

112 ane helices, coiled-coil regions, structural switch regions, disulfide-bonds, sub-cellular localizati

113 atch repair enzymes that ultimately generate switch region DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs).

114 deaminase expression, resulting in decreased switch region DNA double-strand breaks and interchromoso

115 region or double-stranded DNA breaks in the switch region DNA.

116 r of CSR that promotes the binding of AID to switch-region DNA.

117 neration of double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in switch-region DNA.

118 t 50 bp insertions with low G-density within switch regions do not appear to affect either CSR or R-l

119 The remodeling of the switch regions does not resemble any of the known G prot

120 function in a redundant manner in resolving switch region DSBs during CSR.

121 HEJ-dependent short-range rejoining of intra-switch region DSBs.

122 ch cells, and of double-strand breaks in the switch regions during CSR.

123 ID) acts at immunoglobulin heavy-chain class switch regions during mammalian class switch recombinati

124 rs by a deletional recombination between two switch regions, each of which is associated with a H cha

125 NA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in repetitive switch region elements followed by ligation between dist

126 nsert region and, to a lesser extent, in the switch regions flanking the nucleotide binding site, can

127 ssayed by PCRs across the integrated plasmid switch regions, followed by Southern blot hybridization.

128 urface suggest likely interfaces outside the switch region for electron transfer from the NOS reducta

129 subunits of the LR1 could then juxtapose the switch regions for recombination.

130 RNA polymerase (RNAP), the bridge helix and switch regions form an intricate network with the cataly

131 Mammalian class switch regions form R-loops upon transcription in the ph

132 We amplified switch regions from genomic DNA to investigate the quali

133 ar to their human counterparts, variable and switch regions from Polh-/- mice had fewer substitutions

134 This segment, located between JH and switch regions, functioned both downstream of the VH exo

135 the AID and IgM genes, or levels of various switch region germ line transcripts.

136 A new drug target - the 'switch region' - has been identified within bacterial RN

137 adjacent and essential threonine residues in switch region I of immunity-related guanosine triphospha

138 Rab35 binds via switch regions I and II, around the nucleotide-binding p

139 long distances on variable region (V(H)) and switch region (I) region promoters to initiate germ line

140 c illegitimately joined to an Ig heavy chain switch region, ie, the t(12;15) chromosomal translocatio

141 ription of immunoglobulin variable (IgV) and switch region (IgS) DNA.

142 ominantly through binding to residues within switch region II.

143 y the G-density of different portions of the switch region in a murine B cell line.

144 and MSH2, AID may occasionally act at the mu switch region in an apparently processive manner, but th

145 ts across the entire length of an engineered switch region in cells ablated for uracil repair.

146 gene was able to confer inversion of the mrp switch region in trans from both ON to OFF and OFF to ON

147 Furthermore, the invertible switch region in uropathogenic strain NU149 shifted from

148 some associates with AID, accumulates on IgH switch regions in an AID-dependent fashion, and is requi

149 onally, it is not known why, in contrast, at switch regions in mice, both C/G-targeted and A/T-target

150 a GTPase-effector interface and involves the switch regions in RhoA and a hydrophobic patch in PRG-PH

151 -loops form at Sgamma3 and Sgamma2b Ig class switch regions in the chromosomes of stimulated murine p

152 that EF-G binding to the ribosome stabilizes switch regions in the GTPase active site, resulting in a

153 nent of an enzyme complex that recombines Ig switch regions in vitro.

154 s of c-myc DSBs to AID-initiated DSBs in IgH switch regions in wild-type and ATM-deficient B cells.

155 for locating and directly imaging the active switching region in a resistive random access memory (RR

156 DNA breaks at the Igh switch regions induced by AID lacking E5 display defecti

157 This review summarizes the switch region, switch-region inhibitors, and implications for antibacte

158 ved with chimeras substituting the Galpha(o) switch regions into the Galpha(i2(C352G)) subunit, which

159 transition, such as Tyrbeta145 (HC2) and the switch region involving Proalpha(1)44 (CD2), Thralpha(1)

160 The RNAP switch region is an attractive target for identification

161 The RNAP switch region is distant from targets of previously char

162 ng that MMR functions to reduce mutations in switch regions is unexpected since MMR proteins have bee

163 Switch recombination occurs between pairs of switch regions located upstream of the constant heavy ch

164 otype (I) promoters driving transcription of switch regions, located upstream of the Ig heavy chain (

165 ns identified include the nucleotide binding switch regions, loop 5, loop 7, ?4-?5-loop 13, ?1, and ?

166 ch region sequences suggests that the G-rich switch regions may have evolved from rDNA.

167 These switch regions may work with the inter-domain twist to i

168 ion and mutation frequency but not CSR or Ig switch region mutation.

169 ontains Smu sequence, all crossovers between switch regions occurred in the Smu portion; and 2) treat

170 The P335 lytic phage phi31 encodes a genetic switch region of cI and cro homologs but lacks the phage

171 ere swapped or mutated, we observed that the switch region of G alpha(13) is strictly necessary to bi

172 Surprisingly, the switch region of G alpha(13) was not sufficient to bind

173 larity with the area by which RGS4 binds the switch region of G alpha(i) proteins.

174 y examined whether signaling through another switch region of G13, i.e. Galpha13 switch region 2 (Gal

175 d upon unique junction fragments between the switch region of Igh mu and c-myc.

176 d the translocation breakpoint within the 5' switch region of IGHG (Sgamma).

177 Peptides mimicking the predicted cysteine-switch region of MDC9 or TACE inhibit both enzymes in th

178 ations were performed on the 16-residue beta-switch region of platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha, for whic

179 Functional studies have shown that the switch region of RAS interacts with a large number of ef

180 B or rpoC that together encode the so-called switch region of RNA polymerase.

181 able antibacterial inhibitors acting via the switch region of RNA polymerase.

182 onserved glutamic acid), and Gln(701) in the switch region of TAP1 (in place of a highly conserved hi

183 In contrast, alterations of residues in the switch region of the interface have substantial effects

184 ted some unique features in (1) the cysteine-switch region of the prodomain, (2) the hinge region pre

185 "loosening" the contacts associated with the switch region of the T state alpha(1)beta(2) interface b

186 x physically block the docking sites for the switch regions of Arf GTPases.

187 The Sec7 domain binds to the switch regions of ARF1 and inserts residues directly int

188 The switch regions of Arl13B are involved in the interaction

189 by contacting key residues in the regulatory switch regions of Cdc42 and slowing Cdc42 nucleotide exc

190 finity, GTP-dependent binding of RGCT to the switch regions of CDC42 or RAC1 and (ii) a very low affi

191 bilization of the conformationally sensitive switch regions of Cdc42.

192 nformational changes in the conserved GTPase switch regions of EF-Tu that trigger hydrolysis of GTP,

193 drolysis of GTP primarily by stabilizing the switch regions of G(i alpha1), although the conserved As

194 The core domain binds to the three switch regions of G(i alpha1), but does not contribute c

195 -terminal region (amino acids 1-161) and the switch regions of Galpha(i2) (amino acids 162-262) both

196 ses by deamination of cytidines in the V and switch regions of Ig genes.

197 Sequencing of the switch regions of memory B cells from European blood don

198 As it has binding sites within or 5' to the switch regions of nearly all Ig heavy chain C region gen

199 ecognizes invariant aromatic residues in the switch regions of Rab GTPases and selects for the Rab5 s

200 a major interaction determinant between the switch regions of Rab3A and the Rab3A-specific effector

201 The two switch regions of Rac1 are stabilized in conformations t

202 t specificity determinants reside in the two switch regions of Sec4p.

203 of T state constraints within the hinge and switch regions of the alpha(1)beta(2) interface.

204 wined interface made up of residues from the switch regions of the G domain.

205 ing the transition state conformation of the switch regions of the G protein, favoring the transition

206 d the G60A mutant of Ras and showed that the switch regions of the GTP-bound but not the GDP-bound fo

207 of the catalytic interface forms between the switch regions of the GTPase and the DH domain, but full

208 Breaks in switch regions of the H chain locus cause isotype switch

209 , such as variable-number tandem repeats and switch regions of the immunoglobulin genes.

210 We show that HMCES is recruited to switch regions of the immunoglobulin locus and provide a

211 te that recombination occurs between the two switch regions of the plasmid, as assayed by PCRs across

212 uire high levels of transcription across the switch regions of the plasmid.

213 quired the first 30 residues of TFEB and the switch regions of the Rags G domain.

214 T state transition in both the "hinge" and "switch" regions of the alpha(1)beta(2) interface.

215 pecific conformational changes in three key "switch" regions of the protein, which regulate binding t

216 nd a single-stranded DNA loop, are formed in switch regions on the heavy-chain immunoglobulin locus.

217 dicating that the intrinsic fragility of the switch regions or a pathway unrelated to AID is responsi

218 We propose that altered DNA structure in the switch region pauses RNA polymerase II and limits access

219 Here, we validated and exploited a G alpha switch-region point mutation, known to engender increase

220 d the structure of RalB.GMPPNP show that the switch regions predominantly adopt state 1 (Ras nomencla

221 DNA acrobatics require transcription of the switch regions, presumably so that necessary factors can

222 The patterns of hybridization of an IgM switch region probe suggest that immunoglobulin heavy ch

223 introduces uracil into antibody variable and switch regions, promoting antibody diversity through som

224 critical determinants are identified in both switch regions, Rab4-to-Rab5 conversion-of-specificity m

225 ests that the stabilization of the G-protein switch regions rather than catalytic action of the Asn r

226 ion proceeds normally while long-range inter-switch region recombination is impaired.

227 In the absence of H2AX, short-range intra-switch region recombination proceeds normally while long

228 nt protein recruitment, or short-range intra-switch region recombination.

229 ind that the mechanism by which variable and switch regions recruit AID essentially is the same but t

230 apable regions (LG4s)-like those at antibody switch regions-remain virtually unexplored.

231 promotes the binding of AID specifically to switch regions remains to be elucidated.

232 Thus, we propose that repetitive IgH switch regions represent favored substrates for MH-media

233 hosphorylation of H2B within Ig variable and switch regions requires AID and may be mediated by the h

234 (ox) reveal that conformational changes in a switch region (residues 103-111) preceding a pterin-bind

235 Interestingly, the so-called switch regions, responsible for signal transduction foll

236 ell as the germline transcription of the Igh switch regions, resulting in defective CSR but no effect

237 owever, we show here that the Xenopus laevis switch region S(mu), which is rich in AT and not prone t

238 ranscripts associate with DNA in the genomic switch region (S epsilon) to form DNA-RNA hybrid structu

239 n addition, AID is required for induction of switch region (S mu)-specific DNA lesions that precede C

240 targets cytosines in both donor and acceptor switch regions (S regions) with the deamination domains

241 ation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) to Ig switch regions (S regions).

242 ints in translocation breakpoint regions (Ig switch region [S] inversions and unusual gene orders in

243 bridge helix transmit effects of DksA to the switch region(s), allosterically affecting switch residu

244 le to demonstrate that the rearranged hybrid switch region sequence was joined to DNA from chromosome

245 One of the conserved switch-region sequence motifs (AGCT) is a preferred site

246 LR1 also binds Ig heavy chain switch region sequences and may function in class switch

247 nent of a B cell-specific complex that binds switch region sequences suggests that the G-rich switch

248 r immediate downstream region, as well as in switch regions, sequences that, respectively, are target

249 emoglobin (Hb) betaepsilon7Alpha exhibit the switch region signature for the R --> T quaternary state

250 g constant region transcripts and by forming switch region-specific DSBs.

251 there is an 11;14 translocation into a gamma switch region, suggesting an error in switch recombinati

252 r with exceptionally high frequency in human switch regions, suggesting a possible relationship betwe

253 orylated on two tyrosine residues within the switch regions, suggesting that phosphorylation of these

254 These translocations frequently involve Ig switch regions, suggesting that they might be the result

255 l breaks in immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) switch regions, suggesting that they occur during class-

256 This review summarizes the switch region, switch-region inhibitors, and implication

257 ve, indicating an unexpected role for ATM in switch region synapsis during CSR.

258 order chromatin remodeling that facilitates switch region synapsis.

259 n that may be required during immunoglobulin switch region synapsis.

260 bination was partly lost due to a failure of switch region targeting by activation-induced deaminase

261 oantigen, a transcriptional repressor, and a switch region targeting factor.

262 5hmU is enriched in strand switch regions, telomeric regions, and intergenic region

263 y one of a family of four WGCW motifs in the switch region that can facilitate CSR.

264 ce might represent a previously unidentified switch region that engages with effector molecules to dr

265 face that binds SseJ includes the regulatory switch regions that control activation of mammalian effe

266 SR, double-strand breaks are introduced into switch regions that flank Cmu and a downstream Ch, follo

267 otein has largely been through targeting the switch regions that interact with signalling effector pr

268 s, we show that Myx interacts with the RNAP "switch region"--the hinge that mediates opening and clos

269 in the template strand of the H chain alpha switch region, the strand thought to be complexed with R

270 wn to form at mammalian immunoglobulin class switch regions, thus exposing regions of single-stranded

271 rm R-loops, can functionally replace a mouse switch region to mediate CSR in vivo.

272 Myxopyronin binds to the RNAP switch regions to block structural rearrangements needed

273 idine deaminase, which converts cytosines in switch regions to uracils.

274 e a model whereby an effector binds to RabF (switch) regions to discriminate between nucleotide-bound

275 t effector proteins, via their GTP-dependent switch regions, to distinct subcellular compartments.

276 e defect in CSR is not due to alterations in switch region transcription, accessibility, DNA damage c

277 H2AX-/- B cells is not due to alterations in switch region transcription, accessibility, or aberrant

278 R defect is B cell-intrinsic, independent of switch-region transcription, and a consequence of ineffi

279 o a specific length of DNA downstream of the switch-region transcriptional promoter.

280 Germ-line switch region transcripts (Ig gamma1, Ig gamma3, and Ig

281 ng this S mu-primed reverse transcription of switch region transcripts as a novel mechanism of regula

282 ' ends of the Smu sequence are extended onto switch region transcripts by reverse transcription.

283 artificial switch-mu (Smu) minisubstrate to switch region transcripts in the presence of nuclear ext

284 Further evidence for an active role of switch region transcripts was obtained by expressing S a

285 penultimate Tyralpha140 on the F helix, the "switch" region Tyralpha42, and the "hinge" region Trpbet

286 f samples (62%) have a breakpoint within the switch regions upstream of the IGH constant genes and ar

287 ctures of Rab complexes and does not involve switch regions used by GTPase effectors.

288 In contrast to switch regions, V regions contained predominantly single

289 ng two DNA double-strand breaks at different switching regions via the cNHEJ pathway.

290 broth cultures expressing MR/P fimbriae, the switch region was found in both ON and OFF positions.

291 tures which do not express the fimbriae, the switch region was OFF only.

292 When switch regions were analyzed for mutations, deficiency i

293 es a more rigid stabilization of the Gtalpha switch regions when Gtalpha is bound to both RGS9 and Pg

294 between GPIb alpha and VWF involves the beta-switch region, which is a loop in the unliganded GPIb al

295 ain Fabs may be due to an insertion in their switch region, which is one residue longer than in kappa

296 structure of RalA, differences exist in the switch regions, which are sensitive to the bound nucleot

297 e, we examined mutations in the mu and gamma switch regions, which can form stable secondary structur

298 recombination involves transcription through switch regions, which generates ssDNA within R loops.

299 a decrease in binding of AID to transcribed switch regions, which resulted in considerable impairmen

300 atory for functional interaction of the RNAP switch regions with the transcription start site.