ライフサイエンスコーパス: tRNA(Phe)

1 tRNA(Phe) mutants that retained the capacity for nucleoc

2 tRNA(Phe) mutants with an extended 5' end had reduced ca

3 tRNA(Phe) mutants with two- or four-nucleotide deletions

4 tRNAPhe conformational states that interchange much more

5 1H NMR spectra acquired for Mg(2+)-tRNAPhe suggest that NC 1-71 and NC 12-55 (lacking resid

6 A tRNA(Phe) mutant (tRNA(Phe)UUA) that did not have the ca

7 e reaction (k2) have been determined using a tRNA(Phe) substrate containing a 2'-deoxy residue at the

8 the Thermus thermophilus 70S ribosome with a tRNA(Phe) bound to a PsiUU codon in the A site supports

9 preferentially ligates a phenylalanine to a tRNAPhe over the chemically similar tyrosine, which diff

10 binding and catalysis are determined using a tRNAPhe substrate that is significantly cleaved at more

11 enosine of the peptidyl-tRNA analogue, AcPhe-tRNA(Phe), remains in close contact with U2506 regardles

12 The m.593T > C mutation altered tRNA(Phe) structure and function, including increased me

13 catalytic hydrolysis of mispaired aminoacyl-tRNA(Phe) species.

14 ve strain, increased levels of aminoacylated tRNA(Phe) led to continued synthesis of the PheL leader

15 of editing, cellular levels of aminoacylated tRNA(Phe) were elevated during amino acid stress, wherea

16 uncertain, the m values for the duplexes and tRNA(Phe) are proportional to the amount of the surface

17 ne 37 in both mitochondrial tRNA(Met)(f) and tRNA(Phe).

18 to bind only in the presence of poly(U) and tRNA(Phe), whereas quinolines bind in a similar manner t

19 he genes tRNA(Thr)(UGU), tRNA(Leu)(UAA), and tRNA(Phe) (GAA) therefore attributes the seemingly neutr

20 graphically defined tRNAs, yeast tRNAAsp and tRNAPhe, were used as substrates for oxidative cleavage

21 Wyosine bases are tRNA(Phe)-specific modifications that are distinguished

22 r mechanism underlying a deafness-associated tRNA(Phe) 593T > C mutation that changed a highly conser

23 ted that the B2 domain is distant from bound tRNA(Phe), leaving the role of this module in question.

24 DMAPP-tRNA transferase bound tRNA(Phe) with a dissociation constant of 5.2 +/- 1.2 nM

25 eptidyl release model reactions catalyzed by tRNA(Phe) or Cytosine-Cytosine-Adenine (CCA) trinucleoti

26 om those seen for other tRNAs exemplified by tRNAPhe.

27 em in which yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) tRNAPhe is provided in trans to complement the replicati

28 ylpyridyl)porphine were used to characterize tRNA(Phe) and the human immunodeficiency virus type-I Re

29 RNA, leading to decreased levels of charged tRNA(Phe).

30 onding to the anticodon stem-loop of E. coli tRNA(Phe) formed a stem-loop minihelix (minihelix(Phe))

31 ough deletion analysis of unmodified E. coli tRNA(Phe) that the minimum substrate for s4U modificatio

32 eotide in which the loop sequence of E. coli tRNA(Phe) was preserved, but the 5 base pair helix stem

33 l-modified anticodon stem-loops from E. coli tRNA(Phe).

34 bind observably to the nonsubstrate E. coli tRNA(Phe).

35 e show that ThiI binds to unmodified E. coli tRNA(Phe).

36 psi32 on the anticodon stem-loop from E.coli tRNA(Phe).

37 fied anticodon stem-loop of Escherichia coli tRNA(Phe) and suggests that this hairpin has a 3 nt loop

38 ed anticodon stem-loop from Escherichia coli tRNA(Phe) forms a trinucleotide loop in solution, but Mg

39 ed anticodon stem-loop from Escherichia coli tRNA(Phe) forms a trinucleotide loop in solution, but Mg

40 ld of the anticodon loop of Escherichia coli tRNA(Phe), but these elements do not result in this sign

41 ing to the anticodon arm of Escherichia coli tRNA(Phe), we have investigated the structural and dynam

42 helix are insufficient to transform E. coli tRNAPhe into an effective valine acceptor.

43 In contrast, tRNA(Phe) without the D loop (tRNA(Phe)D(-)) was retaine

44 G0731 polypeptide participates in converting tRNA(Phe)-m(1)G(37) to tRNA(Phe)-yW.

45 zed canonical counterpart, yeast cytoplasmic tRNA(Phe).

46 proportional effect was true also for deacyl-tRNA(Phe) with poly(U), but the decrease in the C967 x C

47 ks were determined in the presence of deacyl-tRNA(Phe) or N-acetyl-Phe-tRNA(Phe) using poly(U) or an

48 of editing lowered the amount of deacylated tRNA(Phe) in the cell.

49 tion of Tyr-tRNAPhe (5%), but not deacylated tRNAPhe during amino acid starvation, limiting Gcn2p kin

50 cleic acids including: calf thymus (CT) DNA, tRNA(Phe), polymeric RNAs and DNAs, and viral RNAs inclu

51 The PRORP1 PPR domain-tRNAPhe structure revealed a conformational change of th

52 ngly with the L1 stalk compared to elongator tRNA(Phe), as seen in previous single-molecule experimen

53 ificity primarily determined by a eukaryotic tRNA(Phe)-specific 2'-O-methylation at the wobble positi

54 le position, making virtually all eukaryotic tRNA(Phe) susceptible to SAMD9 cleavage.

55 on/peroxidation at position 37 of eukaryotic tRNAPhe.

56 With a single exception (tRNA(Phe)-tRNA(Glu) pair), the parallelism is especially

57 Michaelis constants for tRNA(Phe) and DMAPP are 96 +/- 11 nM and 3.2 +/- 0.5 mic

58 , and m7G46 to C48 in the variable loop (for tRNAPhe), is identified in the free tRNA, conforming wit

59 as native MiaA and was completely active for tRNAPhe binding.

60 ssay provides insights into the pathways for tRNAPhe retrograde import and re-export and is a tool th

61 Furthermore, tRNAPhe is re-exported by Crm1 and Mex67, but not by the

62 bstrate tRNA species, like, tRNA (Thr)(GGT), tRNA(Phe), and tRNA (Ala)(TGC), bind the enzyme with sim

63 nyl-tRNA synthetase, which aminoacylates hmt-tRNA(Phe) with cognate phenylalanine.

64 Furthermore, G34A hmt-tRNA(Phe) does not undergo adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I)

65 , we use a variety of known mutations in hmt-tRNA(Phe) to investigate the mechanisms that lead to mal

66 ption was the G34A anticodon mutation of hmt-tRNA(Phe) (mitochondrial DNA mutation G611A), which is a

67 We tested the impact of hmt-tRNA(Phe) mutations on aminoacylation, structure, and tr

68 ide wyosine characteristic of position 37 in tRNA(Phe) and known previously only in eukarya, plus two

69 dified nucleoside discovered 50 years ago in tRNA(Phe), as one of the primary attachment sites for N-

70 ity about 17-fold lower than that for intact tRNAPhe, mostly due to a decrease in apparent substrate

71 unctions of individual, specifically labeled tRNAPhe molecules exhibit nonexponential character as a

72 o that for the normal substrate (full-length tRNA(Phe) unmodified at A37), although the K(m) for mini

73 In contrast, tRNA(Phe) without the D loop (tRNA(Phe)D(-)) was retained within the nucleus and did n

74 the unique wybutosine modification of mature tRNAPhe.

75 USD4 binds 16S mt-rRNA, mt-tRNA(Met), and mt-tRNA(Phe), and we demonstrate that it is responsible for

76 ce of mt-tRNA(Val) , and mildly increased mt-tRNA(Phe) , in subjects compared with unrelated age- and

77 onse by switching to the incorporation of mt-tRNA(Phe) to generate translationally competent machiner

78 RNA(Val) compared with the porcine use of mt-tRNA(Phe) We have explored this observation further.

79 ata demonstrate that only mt-tRNA(Val) or mt-tRNA(Phe) are found in the mitoribosomes of five differe

80 Mutant tRNA(Phe) with deletions in TPsiC stem-loop, anticodon s

81 Mutant tRNA(Phe) with disrupted TPsiC stem-loop did not rescue

82 In contrast, a mutant tRNA(Phe) without the D stem-loop was fully functional f

83 The capacity of the mutant tRNA(Phe) to complement a defective HIV-1 provirus that

84 A tRNA(Phe) mutant (tRNA(Phe)UUA) that did not have the capacity to be amino

85 he hypermodified wybutosine-37 in the native tRNA(Phe) placed the peptide across the anticodon loop a

86 and doubled the apparent K(D) for noncognate tRNA(Phe) (from 7.3 to 14.5 microM).

87 he cognate tRNA(His) but not with noncognate tRNA(Phe).

88 The aminoacylation of tRNA(Phe) by FARS is inhibited by antisense RNA, leading

89 nthetic anticodon stem-loop analogs (ASL) of tRNA(Phe) to systematically identify ribose 2'-hydroxyl

90 contrast, substitution of the 3'-OH group of tRNA(Phe) severely impaired editing and revealed an esse

91 electively reduced the steady-state level of tRNA(Phe) in the brain, resulting in a slow decoding at

92 metal-binding sites of the anticodon loop of tRNA(Phe) from E. coli and of a tetraloop containing a G

93 cleotide changes in the T(Psi)C stem-loop of tRNA(Phe) revealed an unexpected, essential role of this

94 te RNA comprising the anticodon stem loop of tRNA(Phe) reveals that enzyme binding induces a dramatic

95 helix analogue of the anticodon stem-loop of tRNA(Phe) where the base corresponding to A37 was replac

96 a U-turn found within the anticodon loop of tRNA(Phe).

97 omyces cerevisiae that PheRS misacylation of tRNA(Phe) with the more abundant Phe oxidation product o

98 mplexes were assembled with participation of tRNA(Phe), which targeted triplet UUC of the derivative

99 ide corresponding to the stem-loop region of tRNA(Phe) as substrates.

100 nalysis of mutations in the acceptor stem of tRNA(Phe) suggested that an intact acceptor stem RNA str

101 hydrogen bonds in a co-crystal structure of tRNA(Phe) and T. aquaticus EF-Tu, while the fifth 2' hyd

102 of PKR by a natively folded T7 transcript of tRNA(Phe)in vivo supporting the importance of tRNA modif

103 RNAPhe, the anticodon stem-loop (ACSLPhe) of tRNAPhe, and bulk tRNA isolated from a miaA mutant.

104 tely inhibit the Pb2(+)-ribozyme activity of tRNAPhe at 25 degrees C, pH 7.0 and 15 mM MgCl2, Zn2 HIV

105 unit known to interact with the anticodon of tRNAPhe.

106 The recognition and cleavage of tRNAPhe and the TAR RNA of HIV-1 by metallopeptides of t

107 ce of Mg2+, the extent of destabilization of tRNAPhe is greater but appears to be confined to interna

108 tate involving interactions of the 3' end of tRNAPhe with the adenylate site.

109 show that NC destabilizes the folded form of tRNAPhe and by extension, other complex RNAs, in tertiar

110 yopherin Mtr10 mediates retrograde import of tRNAPhe, constitutively and in response to amino acid de

111 for 30 in vitro synthesized T-arm mutants of tRNAPhe and 37 mutants of the 17-mer analog of the T-arm

112 Replacing the anticodon stem of tRNAPhe with that of tRNAVal, however, converts the tRNA

113 ynthesized for every approximately 7,300 Phe-tRNA(Phe), compatible with an error rate in translation

114 presence of deacyl-tRNA(Phe) or N-acetyl-Phe-tRNA(Phe) using poly(U) or an mRNA analogue containing a

115 For N-acetyl-Phe-tRNA(Phe) with either poly(U) or the mRNA analogue, the

116 ce of a peptidyl tRNA analogue, N-acetyl-Phe-tRNA(Phe), in the A site, which mimicked the post-peptid

117 Binding of N-acetylated Phe-tRNA(Phe), an analog of the initiator fMet-tRNA(Met), en

118 ring oxidative stress, while the cognate Phe-tRNA(Phe) aminoacylation activity is unchanged.

119 bound with ternary complexes containing Phe-tRNA(Phe), Trp-tRNA(Trp), or Leu-tRNA(LeuI).

120 mation and dissociation of the EF-Tu-GTP-Phe-tRNA(Phe) ternary complex.

121 ive in polymerization with mitochondrial Phe-tRNA(Phe), this variant has low activity in the formatio

122 has a reduced affinity for mitochondrial Phe-tRNA(Phe).

123 slow phases similar to those for natural Phe-tRNA(Phe).

124 tRNA, but still 2-fold less than natural Phe-tRNA(Phe).

125 erved base pairs in the tertiary core of Phe-tRNA(Phe), 18-55 and 19-56, on rate and equilibrium cons

126 the side chain of the esterified Phe of Phe-tRNA(Phe).

127 within the editing site had no effect on Phe-tRNA(Phe) synthesis, but abolished hydrolysis of Tyr-tRN

128 ric protein responsible for synthesizing Phe-tRNA(Phe) during protein synthesis.

129 in complexes carrying an aminoacyl tRNA, Phe-tRNA(Phe), in the A site, indicating that the SD interac

130 re force as compared to the complex with Phe-tRNA(Phe), and the resultant force was the same for both

131 finities of the mutant proteins to yeast Phe-tRNA(Phe) determined.

132 riphosphate (EF-Tu.GDPNP) bound to yeast Phe-tRNA(Phe) reveals that EF-Tu interacts with the tRNA bod

133 taining the peptidyl-tRNA analogues N-Ac-Phe-tRNAPhe, N-Ac-Met-tRNAMet or f-Met-tRNAfMet with puromyc

134 te, although the interaction of N-acetyl-Phe-tRNAPhe with the P site was largely unperturbed.

135 bosomes with TMR-Met-tRNAMetf or TMR-Met-Phe-tRNAPhe are immobilized on mica and observed by fluoresc

136 be impaired in the enzymatic binding of Phe-tRNAPhe to the A site, although the interaction of N-ace

137 ructurally homologous ternary complex of Phe-tRNAPhe, EF-Tu, and a GTP analog.

138 S. pneumoniae tRNA(Phe) has an unusual U4:C69 mismatch in its acceptor

139 alteration enhances the k(cat)/K(M) for ppp-tRNA(Phe) by nearly 100-fold relative to that of wild-ty

140 ffect their incorporation of IAP RNA, primer tRNAPhe (phenylalanine tRNA), or IAP Gag.

141 Using misacylated Pro-tRNAPhe and Phe-tRNAPro, we show that the imino acid pro

142 ated with various human disorders, revealing tRNA(Phe) depletion as an antiviral mechanism and a path

143 placed by 4-thiouridines in transfer RNAPhe (tRNAPhe) transcribed in a T7 RNA polymerase system.

144 For two RNAs, tRNA(Phe) and the adenine riboswitch, secondary structur

145 The effects of P/P- and P/E-site tRNA(Phe) binding on the 16S rRNA structure in the Esche

146 hift frequencies are highest if the slippery tRNAPhe is capable of stable base pairing in the shifted

147 ost complete view of the Phe-tRNA synthetase/tRNAPhe system to date.

148 ant guanosine situated on the 3'-side of the tRNA(Phe) anticodon.

149 andem repeats between the CSB1 motif and the tRNAPhe gene.

150 e D-loop region, immediately upstream of the tRNAPhe gene.

151 the nonexponential decay indicates that the tRNAPhe-probe adduct fluctuates between two states, one

152 restored by extension of the 3' end of these tRNA(Phe) mutants with sequences complementary to the HI

153 cipates in converting tRNA(Phe)-m(1)G(37) to tRNA(Phe)-yW.

154 ine derivative m-Tyr after its attachment to tRNA(Phe) We now show in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that P

155 termolecular cross-link, 16S rRNA (C1400) to tRNA(Phe)(U33), was made with either poly(U) or the mRNA

156 transferred alanine, serine, and glycine to tRNA(Phe).

157 cation at position 8 of in vitro transcribed tRNA(Phe) enabling us to fluorescently label this unmodi

158 lent adduct with 5-fluorouracil (FUra)-tRNA (tRNA(Phe) containing FUra in place of Ura) to form a put

159 hat specifically cleaves phenylalanine tRNA (tRNA(Phe)), resulting in codon-specific ribosomal pausin

160 mentation were lower than that for wild-type tRNA(Phe), which did undergo transport and aminoacylatio

161 eit at a level less than that with wild-type tRNA(Phe).

162 al substrates, including synthetic wild-type tRNAPhe, the anticodon stem-loop (ACSLPhe) of tRNAPhe, a

163 ough hydrolysis of tyrosyl-adenylate and Tyr-tRNA(Phe).

164 alpha-subunit monomer that does not edit Tyr-tRNA(Phe), and a comparable transacting activity does no

165 that proofreading activity to hydrolyze Tyr-tRNA(Phe) is increased during oxidative stress, while th

166 an Escherichia coli strain defective in Tyr-tRNA(Phe) editing was used.

167 etases (PheRS) that hydrolyze mischarged Tyr-tRNA(Phe).

168 in the catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of Tyr-tRNA(Phe) hydrolysis, suggesting a role for the B2 domai

169 ) synthesis, but abolished hydrolysis of Tyr-tRNA(Phe) in vitro.

170 Resampling of Tyr-tRNA(Phe) to PheRS increasing the number of correctly ch

171 site can readily accommodate a model of Tyr-tRNA(Phe) where deacylation occurs from either the 2'- o

172 abolished both cis and trans editing of Tyr-tRNA(Phe).

173 it, it is extremely specific as only one Tyr-tRNA(Phe) is synthesized for every approximately 7,300 P

174 for hydrolysis of the noncognate product Tyr-tRNA(Phe).

175 editing of the misaminoacylated species Tyr-tRNA(Phe).

176 s and trans editing and could synthesize Tyr-tRNA(Phe), an activity enhanced in active site variants

177 editing pathway that targets non-cognate Tyr-tRNAPhe.

178 ve editing, including against mischarged Tyr-tRNAPhe, despite these oxidized residues not being direc

179 of PheRS editing caused accumulation of Tyr-tRNAPhe (5%), but not deacylated tRNAPhe during amino ac

180 Undermodified tRNA(Phe) used as substrate in the DMAPP-tRNA transferas

181 d adjacent to the anticodon in undermodified tRNA(Phe).

182 , the tRNA construct comprises an unmodified tRNA(Phe) molecule in which the anticodon and acceptor s

183 An unmodified tRNA(Phe) transcript in which the 3'-terminal ACCA seque

184 e report the crystal structure of unmodified tRNA(Phe) from Escherichia coli at a resolution of 3 A.

185 Our unmodified tRNA(Phe) derivative adaptor charged with a large unnatu

186 ucleotide loop by the purine-rich unmodified tRNA(Phe) anticodon arm suggests that other anticodon se

187 tRNA synthetase complexed with an unmodified tRNAPhe transcript and either L-Phe or a nonhydrolyzable

188 tive E. coli, bovine liver, yeast, and wheat tRNA(Phe) do not, nor do a variety of base- or sugar-mod

189 MuLV; however, infectivity was restored when tRNA(Phe)D(-) was directly transfected into the cytoplas

190 g of frameshift efficiency could explain why tRNA(Phe) in some eukaryotes is not fully modified but,

191 maritima RNase P holoenzyme in complex with tRNA(Phe).

192 y, crystal structures of DusC complexes with tRNA(Phe) and tRNA(Trp) show that Dus subfamilies that s

193 bacterial RNase P holoenzyme in complex with tRNAPhe revealed the structural basis for substrate reco

194 ing the poorest results in this recent work: tRNA(Phe), the adenine and cyclic-di-GMP riboswitches, a

195 the anticodon and acceptor stems of a yeast tRNA(Phe) construct.

196 Irradiation of E. coli tmRNA and yeast tRNA(Phe) bound to a single SmpB molecule with UV light

197 S) catalyzed aminoacylation of cognate yeast tRNA(Phe) corroborated the peptide's binding to the anti

198 In near-cellular conditions, yeast tRNA(Phe) and E. coli tRNA(Ala) transcripts fold in a si

199 (psHIV-Phe), which relies on exogenous yeast tRNA(Phe) as reverse transcription primer, was used to i

200 te secondary structure constraints for yeast tRNA(Phe), which is accurately predicted in the absence

201 the association of variously modified yeast tRNA(Phe) T-half molecules (nucleosides 40-72) with the

202 rystal structure of the fully modified yeast tRNA(Phe).

203 d ASL(Phe)-Gm(34),m(5)C(40) and native yeast tRNA(Phe) (K(d) congruent with 2.3 and 3.8 microM, respe

204 unmodified yeast tRNA(Phe) and native yeast tRNA(Phe), as determined by lead cleavage patterns at U1

205 NAs at 37 degrees C: the 76 nucleotide yeast tRNA(Phe) and the 255 nucleotide catalytic domain of the

206 r than unmodified, anticodon domain of yeast tRNA(Phe) (ASL(Phe)).

207 this modification into the scaffold of yeast tRNA(Phe) also resulted in blocked immunostimulation.

208 We find that both a T7 transcript of yeast tRNA(Phe) and natively extracted total bovine liver mt-t

209 re is very similar in shape to that of yeast tRNA(Phe) but is slightly smaller in size.

210 near-UV light, various derivatives of yeast tRNA(Phe) containing 2-azidoadenosine at the 3' terminus

211 virus that relies on the expression of yeast tRNA(Phe) for infectivity was determined.

212 ) stabilizes the tertiary structure of yeast tRNA(Phe) in part by accumulating in regions of high neg

213 izing the native tertiary structure of yeast tRNA(Phe) in solution.

214 A dual-specific derivative of yeast tRNA(Phe) is described whose features facilitate structu

215 re-determined the crystal structure of yeast tRNA(Phe) to 2.0 A resolution using 15 year old crystals

216 t position 73 of YFA2, a derivative of yeast tRNA(Phe), a single tRNA body was misacylated with 13 di

217 e X-ray crystallographic structures of yeast tRNA(Phe).

218 sport and the selection of the primer, yeast tRNA(Phe) mutants were designed such that the native tRN

219 virus (MuLV) were created that require yeast tRNA(Phe) to be supplied in trans for infectivity.

220 We explore two systems, yeast tRNA(Phe) and a 58-nucleotide rRNA fragment, with differ

221 ational flexibility, structures of the yeast tRNA(Phe) anticodon stem and loop (ASL(Phe)) with natura

222 has a U-turn structure similar to the yeast tRNA(Phe) crystal structure, unlike previously proposed

223 er degree of similarity to that of the yeast tRNA(Phe) crystal structure.

224 a primer binding site complementary to yeast tRNA(Phe) (psHIV-Phe) was not infectious unless yeast tR

225 er binding site (PBS) complementary to yeast tRNA(Phe) (psHIV-Phe), which relies on exogenous yeast t

226 namic description of Mg(2+) binding to yeast tRNA(Phe) based on the NLPB equation.

227 d the free energy of Mg(2+) binding to yeast tRNA(Phe) without any fitted parameters.

228 on for understanding Mg(2+) binding to yeast tRNA(Phe).

229 Wild-type yeast tRNA(Phe) expressed in mammalian cells was transported t

230 (psHIV-Phe) was not infectious unless yeast tRNA(Phe) was supplied in trans.

231 ach other and to that of an unmodified yeast tRNA(Phe) and native yeast tRNA(Phe), as determined by l

232 The folding of the unmodified yeast tRNA(Phe) can be described by two Mg(2+)-dependent trans

233 equilibrium folding of the unmodified yeast tRNA(Phe) is studied as a function of Na(+), Mg(2+), and

234 entary RNA duplexes and the unmodified yeast tRNA(Phe) is studied as a function of urea and Mg(2+) co

235 slation, we synthesized the unmodified yeast tRNA(Phe)ASL and ASLs with various derivatives of U(39)a

236 arger than the corresponding angle for yeast tRNAPhe (70-80 degrees) under the same ionic conditions.

237 scale, the fluctuations calculated for yeast tRNAPhe and tRNAAsp in the free state, and for tRNAGln c

238 agnesium ions: the interstem angle for yeast tRNAPhe is reduced by nearly 50 % upon addition of 2 mM

239 e crystal structure of the full-length yeast tRNAPhe.

240 Na+] buffer at low temperature, native yeast tRNAPhe adopts tertiary structure in the absence of Mg2+

241 ups in the crystal structure of native yeast tRNAPhe and that the modifications do not significantly

242 oss-link is in the central D region of yeast tRNAPhe between C11 and C25 and the third cross-link bri

243 ion enthalpy for tertiary unfolding of yeast tRNAPhe measured previously by temperature-jump relaxati

244 intracellular E. coli tRNA3Lys than of yeast tRNAPhe were needed to achieve equal levels of infectiou

245 rally well-characterized transfer RNA, yeast tRNAPhe, as a model for the natural primer.

246 examine the overall flexibility of the yeast tRNAPhe core (as unmodified transcript).

247 The structure of an analogue of the yeast tRNAPhe T Psi C stem-loop has been determined by NMR spe

248 n of HIV-1 with a PBS complementary to yeast tRNAPhe.

249 firmed by converting E.coli tRNAAlaand yeast tRNAPhe, whose acceptor stem sequences differ significan

250 Asp underwent cleavage at G45 and U66; yeast tRNAPhe was cleaved at four sites, namely G19, A31, U52

251 onformational properties of unmodified yeast tRNAPhe as a function of ionic strength, [Mg2+], and tem

252 perature of the cloverleaf, unmodified yeast tRNAPhe exists in a Mg2+-dependent equilibrium between s

253 ntrast, tertiary folding of unmodified yeast tRNAPhe has an absolute requirement for Mg2+.

254 Three analogs of unmodified yeast tRNAPhe, each possessing a single disulfide cross-link,

255 ture of the PPR domain in complex with yeast tRNAPhe at 2.85 angstrom resolution.

256 nylalanine-specific transfer RNA from yeast (tRNAPhe) because the unfolding rates and the correspondi