ライフサイエンスコーパス: tRNA

1 tRNA 2-thiolation is a highly conserved form of tRNA mod

2 tRNA(Arg1) is also modified from cytidine to 2-thiocytid

3 tRNAs from all domains of life contain modified nucleoti

4 tRNAs universally carry a CCA nucleotide triplet at thei

5 (including let-7f-5p and miR-181a-5p) and 4 tRNA that are responsive to the dynamics of prior stress

6 our data reveal a conserved mechanism for 5' tRNA fragment control of noncoding RNA biogenesis and, c

7 activation up-regulate the expression of 5'-tRNA half molecules in human monocyte-derived macrophage

8 ndant and selective packaging of specific 5'-tRNA half species into EVs.

9 Sequence identification of the 5'-tRNA halves using cP-RNA-seq revealed abundant and selec

10 shment, with no apparent contribution from a tRNA gene adjacent to HMR.

11 Loss of a tRNA gene leads to ribosomal pausing that is resolved by

12 Here, we show that a tRNA methyltransferase, TRMT10A, interacts with an mRNA

13 In this study, we built a 'tRNA thermometer' model using tRNA sequence to predict O

14 Selection of correct aminoacyl (aa)-tRNA at the ribosomal A site is fundamental to maintaini

15 o guanine diphosphate conformation during aa-tRNA accommodation.

16 u coordinate the rate-limiting passage of aa-tRNA through the accommodation corridor en route to the

17 to interact with the acceptor stem of the aa-tRNA.

18 gation factor Tu (EF-Tu), aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA), and GTP.

19 iscovery of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS)-tRNA pairs that are orthogonal in their aminoacylation s

20 generation amino-acyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS)/tRNA(CUA) pair for site-specific incorporation of 3-nitr

21 red small non-coding RNAs, and less abundant tRNA fragments and mature and pre-miRNAs.

22 we show that a second-generation amino-acyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS)/tRNA(CUA) pair for site-specific

23 ssay coupled to MS, which identified alanine tRNA synthetase 1 (AARS1) as a direct substrate of METTL

24 ed that BMAA is a substrate for human alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) and can form BMAA-tRNA(Ala) by e

25 target other if not all individual aminoacyl tRNAs.

26 Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are ancient enzymes that play a

27 Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) have long been viewed as mere h

28 Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) are ubiquitously expressed, essen

29 Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are ubiquitous, ancient enzymes

30 tRNAs with correct amino acids by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) dictates the fidelity of transl

31 mammalian cells, eight cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS), and three non-synthetase protei

32 Here we present newly developed aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that enable genetic encoding of SF(5)Ph

33 y decode mRNA by proofreading each aminoacyl-tRNA that is delivered by the elongation factor EF-Tu(1)

34 of a start codon by the initiator aminoacyl-tRNA determines the reading frame of messenger RNA (mRNA

35 s to transfer RNAs (tRNAs) to make aminoacyl-tRNA substrates is a bottleneck.

36 localized proteins, including many aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, in which a leaky AUG start codon is fo

37 ption to the cognate mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS).

38 somal states after the delivery of aminoacyl-tRNA by EF-Tu*GTP.

39 teins is the scalable discovery of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS)-tRNA pairs that are orthogonal in

40 x of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA), and GTP.

41 n translation elongation rates, (aminoacyl-) tRNA levels, and codon usage in mammals.

42 tem and loop (ASL) domains of tRNA(Arg1) and tRNA(Arg2) both contain inosine and 2-methyladenosine mo

43 read by tRNA(Gln(TTG)), tRNA(Arg(CCG)), and tRNA(Thr(CGT)) These findings collectively reveal the pr

44 rus U6 promoters with improved efficacy, and tRNA-mediated or Csy4-mediated multiplex genome editing.

45 f small RNAs, including microRNA (miRNA) and tRNA fragments as well as 2'OMe modified RNA, including

46 reveal the presence of coordinated mRNA and tRNA methylations and demonstrate a mechanism for regula

47 on through the interactions between mRNA and tRNA modifying enzymes.

48 sncRNAs (including miRNA, piRNA, and tRNA) isolated from mature sperm from these samples were

49 nto the mechanisms of ribosome recycling and tRNA translocation.

50 ment, duplications of the control region and tRNA mutations.

51 e sequences from the 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and tRNA (val) regions of the mitochondrial genomes of daphn

52 ng SR domain-containing splicing factors and tRNAs that reenter the nucleus.

53 essential roles in processing ribosomal and tRNAs.

54 orthogonal to both the host synthetases and tRNAs and to each other.

55 mutations in a neuronally enriched arginine tRNA, n-Tr20, increased seizure threshold and altered sy

56 D3) protein to recognize particular arginine tRNAs destined for m3C modification.

57 eased tRNA concentration or by an artificial tRNA not dependent on wobble base-pairing.

58 Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously

59 n in Arabidopsis is mediated by the aspartyl tRNA synthetase IBI1, which activates priming of multipl

60 nt pairs of amino acids and their associated tRNA molecules predictably and causally encode translati

61 yl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) and can form BMAA-tRNA(Ala) by escaping from the intrinsic AlaRS proofread

62 l noncoding RNAs originating from TET2-bound tRNAs that were enriched by hm5C immunoprecipitation.

63 split 100S ribosomes in a GTP-dependent but tRNA translocation-independent manner.

64 lating ribosomes, and are then re-charged by tRNA synthetases (aaRS).

65 on of m(1)G9-containing tRNAs codons read by tRNA(Gln(TTG)), tRNA(Arg(CCG)), and tRNA(Thr(CGT)) These

66 aired fertility, suggesting a role of m(5) C tRNA wobble methylation in the adaptation to higher temp

67 NA molecules derived from tRNAs, also called tRNA-derived fragments, that are abundant across species

68 Using tREX, we test 243 candidate tRNAs in Escherichia coli and identify 71 orthogonal tRN

69 by Crm1 and Mex67, but not by the canonical tRNA exporters Los1 or Msn5.

70 ase 2 (DNMT2), known to efficiently catalyze tRNA methylation, is assumed to methylate the genome of

71 2) for C(32) in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNA(Ile)(IAU) anticodon stem and loop domain (ASL) nega

72 sly expressed, essential enzymes that charge tRNA with cognate amino acids.

73 n improves efficiency of delivery of charged tRNA's to an interacting ribosome during translation.

74 er conditions in which the levels of charged tRNAs were altered.

75 During protein synthesis, charged tRNAs deliver amino acids to translating ribosomes, and

76 biogenesis of mature tRNAs and circularized tRNA introns (tricRNAs) in vivo.

77 rved Y RNA contains a domain that is a close tRNA mimic and Ro60 RNPs are often encoded adjacent to c

78 codon aversion, identical codon pairing, co-tRNA codon pairing, ramp sequences, and nucleotide compo

79 upstream nascent chain residues, and cognate tRNA concentration.

80 Instead of locking cognate tRNA upon initial recognition, the ribosomal decoding ce

81 t enzymes that charge amino acids to cognate tRNA molecules, the essential first step of protein tran

82 c amino acids to the 3'-end of their cognate tRNAs and therefore play a pivotal role in protein synth

83 and CGA) are decoded by two Escherichia coli tRNA(Arg) isoacceptors.

84 tion of the acp3U-47 modification in E. coli tRNAs is promoted by the presence of the m7G-46 modifica

85 n an overrepresentation of m(1)G9-containing tRNAs codons read by tRNA(Gln(TTG)), tRNA(Arg(CCG)), and

86 (Slender Guy 1), which encodes the cytosolic tRNA 2-thiolation protein 2 (RCTU2) in rice.

87 epressed proliferation-revealing a dedicated tRNA-regulated growth-suppressive pathway for oxidative

88 nal pairs from the 88 DeltaNPylRS/(DeltaNPyl)tRNA combinations tested.

89 ongator complex, loss of Elongator-dependent tRNA modifications, codon-dependent translational reprog

90 e slowly dividing lines, the differentiation-tRNAs were more essential.

91 us cell division, while the 'differentiation-tRNAs' are active in non-dividing, differentiated cells.

92 loss of the homologous protein GTPBP1 during tRNA deficiency in the mouse brain also leads to codon-s

93 tides 32 and 38) to tune the binding of each tRNA to the decoding center in the ribosome.

94 Bilaterian mitochondria-encoded tRNA genes, key players in mitochondrial activity, have

95 (N(1)G37) methyltransferase) is an essential tRNA modification enzyme in bacteria that prevents +1 er

96 , but not LeuRS-I, functions as an essential tRNA synthetase that accurately charges leucine to tRNA(

97 In archaea and eukaryotes, tRNA intron removal is catalyzed by the tRNA splicing en

98 In eukaryotes, tRNAs are transcribed in the nucleus and subsequently ex

99 ent interactions between elongation factors, tRNAs, ribosomes, and other factors required for protein

100 icating convergence on a common solution for tRNA substrate recognition.

101 ells (mESCs) and found a high enrichment for tRNAs.

102 rages from 68% to 97% were obtained for four tRNAs.

103 unctions that remove a wrong amino acid from tRNA before it reaches the ribosome.

104 rs to novel small RNA molecules derived from tRNAs, also called tRNA-derived fragments, that are abun

105 mic role for PAP I in maintaining functional tRNA levels in the cell.

106 lp prioritize characterization of functional tRNA variants.

107 in synthesis: a ribosomal RNA helicase gene, tRNA biosynthesis genes, and a gene controlling amino ac

108 fragmented upon various stresses, generating tRNA-derived small RNA fragments.

109 ith the specific modification within a given tRNA and with the organism studied.

110 The chloroplast glutamyl-tRNA (tRNA(Glu)) is unique in that it has two entirely d

111 late gene expression by sterically hindering tRNA binding and inhibiting translation elongation.

112 The structures explain how tRNA(Ala) is selected via anticodon reading during recru

113 In human tRNA, we characterize over 20 different modification typ

114 hensive functional characterization of human tRNAs with intricate roles in various cellular states.

115 ed to improved aminoacylation of 5'-immature tRNAs.

116 may influence translation through impacting tRNA methylation and reveal an unexpected role for TET e

117 blation not only leads to decreased m(1)G in tRNA but also significantly increases m(6)A levels in mR

118 0A installs N (1)-methylguanosine (m(1)G) in tRNA, and FTO performs demethylation on N (6)-methyladen

119 The absence of m(1)G37 in tRNA(Pro) causes +1 frameshifting on polynucleotide, sli

120 We further observed that hm(5)C levels in tRNA were significantly decreased in Tet2 KO mouse embry

121 rly complete loss of the m3C modification in tRNA-Arg species.

122 Modified nucleotides in tRNA are critical components of the translation apparatu

123 ncrease in hm(5)C and a decrease in m(5)C in tRNAs relative to uninduced cells.

124 These include tRNAs as precursors to novel small RNA molecules derived

125 H3K9me2 abundance on target genes, including tRNA loci.

126 unable to distinguish correct from incorrect tRNAs.

127 tes which are partially rescued by increased tRNA concentration or by an artificial tRNA not dependen

128 nfer the mechanical properties of individual tRNA molecules.

129 termining regions that contact the initiator tRNA.

130 triking hinge-like movements in RqcH leading tRNA(Ala) into a hybrid A/P-state associated with peptid

131 iety of RNAs including mRNA, miRNA, lincRNA, tRNA and piRNA in these vesicles.

132 However, mitochondrially localized tRNAs were much less affected by the TbCAE ablation than

133 rucial EF-Tu-tRNA interactions, which lowers tRNA binding affinity, representing the first step of tR

134 tation in the KARS gene, which encodes lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS), a moonlight protein with a cano

135 n-coding genes, abundant full-length, mature tRNAs and other structured small non-coding RNAs, and le

136 thologue, cbc, promotes biogenesis of mature tRNAs and circularized tRNA introns (tricRNAs) in vivo.

137 ng-lived ribosome complex with eIF5B and Met-tRNA(i)(Met) immediately before transition into elongati

138 tion and decreases the level of eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNA(i)(Met) ternary complexes.

139 the correct positioning of the initiator Met-tRNA(i)(Met) on the ribosome in the later stages of tran

140 r described isoleucine and formyl methionine tRNAs, and suggest that various GNAT toxins may have evo

141 proline being the most frequently methylated tRNA isoacceptors, loss of m(5) C impacts the decoding o

142 n trans by an aaRS cognate to the mischarged tRNA species.

143 We reconstructed these missing tRNAs and could demonstrate that these tRNAs are toxic t

144 A identified a mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA(Val) (mt-tRNA(Val) ) gene, m.1661A>G, present at ne

145 Derived features of mitochondrial tRNAs in thrips include gene duplications, anticodon mut

146 ent of available analytical tools to monitor tRNA modification patterns.

147 spacer length beyond 6 nt destabilizes mRNA-tRNA-ribosome interactions and results in a 5- to 10-fol

148 s thus suggest that mutational freedom in mt tRNA genes is an adaptation to increased mutation pressu

149 for this reduced structural complexity in mt tRNAs by sequence-independent induced-fit adaption to th

150 Here we show that fragility of mt tRNAs coincided with the evolution of bilaterian animals

151 -to-date list of 34 genes responsible for mt-tRNA modifications are provided.

152 ce of mt-tRNA(Val) , and mildly increased mt-tRNA(Phe) , in subjects compared with unrelated age- and

153 A showed severe reduction in abundance of mt-tRNA(Val) , and mildly increased mt-tRNA(Phe) , in subje

154 L48, and mL64 coordinate translocation of mt-tRNA.

155 ved in the translocation of transfer RNA (mt-tRNA) is unclear.

156 mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA(Val) (mt-tRNA(Val) ) gene, m.1661A>G, present at nearly 100% hete

157 of its functional complexes with mt-mRNA, mt-tRNAs, recycling factor and additional trans factors.

158 Twenty-two species of mitochondrial (mt-)tRNAs encoded in mtDNA translate essential subunits of t

159 synthetase proteins, reside in a large multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC).

160 es targeting individual members of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex, we were able to detect all memb

161 lly restricting the expression of the mutant tRNA synthetase, NLL-MetRS, to hippocampal neurons.

162 Notably, tRNA insufficiency also activated the reporter, independ

163 otein synthesis by preventing the binding of tRNA for peptide transfer.

164 d total translation, the reduced charging of tRNA(Gln) in amino-acid-deprived cells also leads to spe

165 ution was observed featuring a clustering of tRNA anti-codon binding domains on one MSC face.

166 rom low yields, deleting redundant copies of tRNA(fMet) from the genome afforded an E. coli strain in

167 The anticodon stem and loop (ASL) domains of tRNA(Arg1) and tRNA(Arg2) both contain inosine and 2-met

168 bound to the structurally conserved elbow of tRNA and recognized conserved structural features of tRN

169 ciated with increase in ROS and expansion of tRNA-isodecoders.

170 ly expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation.

171 A 2-thiolation is a highly conserved form of tRNA modification among living organisms.

172 In support of these results, formation of tRNA halves is recapitulated by recombinant human RNase

173 ucture in the presence of small fragments of tRNA (tRFs).

174 n it as a strong candidate for generation of tRNA halves and Y RNA fragments in biofluids.

175 Loss of tRNA modifications frequently results in severe patholog

176 ial genome size, GC content, total number of tRNA genes, total number of rRNA genes, and codon usage

177 ion through plexin-B2-mediated production of tRNA-derived stress-induced small RNA (tiRNA) and transc

178 tral role in the gene-specific regulation of tRNA expression.

179 ol II as a direct gene-specific regulator of tRNA transcription.

180 um starvation, indicating that repression of tRNA genes by Pol II is dynamically regulated.

181 The role of tRNA modifications varies greatly with the specific modi

182 r findings provide insight into the roles of tRNA(Glu) at the intersection of protein biosynthesis an

183 r MAF1-mediated repression of a large set of tRNA genes during serum starvation, indicating that repr

184 One is the identification of the full set of tRNA modification genes in model organisms such as Esche

185 The structure uncovers a missing snapshot of tRNA as it transits between the P and exit (E) sites, pr

186 ing affinity, representing the first step of tRNA release.

187 rely limited our collective understanding of tRNA gene expression regulation and evolution.

188 To bridge our understanding of tRNA structural dynamics and nanopore measurements, we a

189 enome organization and sequence variation of tRNA genes are also discussed in light of their noncanon

190 astly, we discuss the recent applications of tRNAs in genome editing and microbiome sequencing.

191 of S. japonica in the structural context of tRNAs as the genome does not encode any other DNA methyl

192 recognized conserved structural features of tRNAs using mechanisms that are different from the estab

193 ortantly, however, the expression pattern of tRNAs is obliquely known.

194 Furthermore, the role of tRNAs in biosynthesis and other regulatory pathways, inc

195 The second uses the complete set of tRNAs in a species to predict optimal growth temperature

196 III is specialized for the transcription of tRNAs and other short, untranslated RNAs.

197 Yaravirus genome also contained six types of tRNAs that did not match commonly used codons.

198 r the deposition of the hm5C modification on tRNA.

199 onserved RNA modification that is present on tRNA and rRNA and has recently been investigated in euka

200 hat encode highly conserved miRNAs, rRNAs or tRNAs.

201 ceptor classes, and 23 functional orthogonal tRNA-cognate aaRS pairs.

202 atrix of 64 orthogonal synthetase-orthogonal tRNA specificities.

203 Escherichia coli and identify 71 orthogonal tRNAs, covering 16 isoacceptor classes, and 23 functiona

204 In contrast, all other tRNAs retain charging of their cognate amino acids in a

205 ffected by the TbCAE ablation than the other tRNAs.

206 The accuracy in pairing tRNAs with correct amino acids by aminoacyl-tRNA synthet

207 g interactions that extend into the peptidyl tRNA-binding site and towards synergistic binders that o

208 take-off codon and allowing greater peptidyl-tRNA drop off.

209 s removal of the 5'-leader sequence from pre-tRNAs with its NYN metallonuclease domain.

210 PPR domain to recognize precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs) as it catalyzes removal of the 5'-leader sequence

211 using significant depletion of the precursor tRNA.

212 t uses its PPR domain to recognize precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs) as it catalyzes removal of the 5'-lead

213 nction of TbCAE by adding CCA to the primary tRNA transcripts.

214 The 'proliferation-tRNAs' are induced upon normal and cancerous cell divisi

215 Inhibition of EPRS using a PRS (prolyl-tRNA synthetase)-specific inhibitor, halofuginone, signi

216 R motifs have evolved strategies for protein-tRNA interaction analogous to tRNA recognition by the RN

217 pairs, each composed of three new PylRS/(Pyl)tRNA pairs.

218 With QuantM-tRNA seq, we assess the tRNA transcriptome in mammalian

219 nto the mechanism by which PRORP1 recognizes tRNA, we determined a crystal structure of the PPR domai

220 nst 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hm5C) recovered tRNAs that overlapped with those bound to TET2 in cells.

221 Proteomic analysis demonstrated that reduced tRNA biosynthetic activity produces a selective homeosta

222 ls and showed that virus CUB trans-regulated tRNA availability, and therefore the relative decoding t

223 glutamine or glutaminase inhibitors restores tRNA(Gln) charging and the levels of polyglutamine-conta

224 translation apparatus (composed of ribosome, tRNA, mRNA, and translation factors) and regulates cruci

225 erturbations causing uncharged transfer RNA (tRNA) accumulation activated ISR reporter transcription.

226 Transfer RNA (tRNA) genes are among the most highly transcribed genes

227 Here we combined ribosome and transfer RNA (tRNA) profiling to investigate the relations between tra

228 on of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) provides an additional layer of regulatory complex

229 pted to distinguish individual transfer RNA (tRNA) species based on the associated pore translocation

230 n factor Tu (EF-Tu) delivers a transfer RNA (tRNA) to the ribosome.

231 the nascent chain and peptidyl transfer RNA (tRNA), respectively, from stalled ribosomes.

232 ET-mediated m(5)C oxidation in transfer RNA (tRNA).

233 nt and conserved RNA species, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are well known for their role in reading the codo

234 Bacterial transfer RNAs (tRNAs) contain evolutionarily conserved sequences and mo

235 (or charge) these monomers to transfer RNAs (tRNAs) to make aminoacyl-tRNA substrates is a bottleneck

236 uding ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), and RMRP.

237 described CRISPR-Cas systems, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), tRNA synthetases, tRNA-modification enzymes, tra

238 ac(4)C across hundreds of residues in rRNA, tRNA, non-coding RNA and mRNA from hyperthermophilic arc

239 r method adds a new dimension to large-scale tRNA functional prediction and will help prioritize char

240 lar assemblies, including a megadalton-scale tRNA multi-synthetase complex.

241 During vascular development, seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) regulates angiogenesis through a

242 that BMAA is not a substrate for human seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS).

243 some, the stem-loops strongly inhibit A-site tRNA binding and ribosome intersubunit rotation that acc

244 interferes with Pol III function at specific tRNA genes.

245 echanism by which METTL2 identifies specific tRNA arginine species for m3C formation as well as the b

246 e tested the efficacy of prokaryote-specific tRNA synthetase inhibitors, indolmycin and AN3365, to mi

247 NA fraction is highly biased toward specific tRNA-derived fragments capable of forming RNase-protecti

248 Here, we show that glutamine-specific tRNAs selectively become uncharged when extracellular am

249 etic code accurately, as well as stabilizing tRNA.

250 (G + C) content and CpG density surrounding tRNA loci is exceptionally well correlated with tRNA gen

251 ms, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), tRNA synthetases, tRNA-modification enzymes, translation-initiation and el

252 function is clear, an emerging theme is that tRNA abundance and functionality can powerfully impact p

253 Several studies in recent years showed that tRNA halves and distinct Y RNA fragments are abundant in

254 ved domains in group II intron RNAs, and the tRNA mimicry of IRES RNAs.

255 With QuantM-tRNA seq, we assess the tRNA transcriptome in mammalian tissues.

256 tes, tRNA intron removal is catalyzed by the tRNA splicing endonuclease (TSEN) complex.

257 How the tRNA(Glu) pool is distributed between the two pathways a

258 ensor luciferase reporter and identified the tRNA pseudouridine synthase, TruB1.

259 Modifications in the tRNA anticodon loop, adjacent to the three-nucleotide an

260 In the tRNA anticodon stem-loop, the anticodon sequence is corr

261 n reported to impact a small fraction of the tRNA pool and thus presumed to not directly impact trans

262 2 interface, which binds the CCA tail of the tRNA, weakens the crucial EF-Tu-tRNA interactions, which

263 ence translation fidelity by stabilizing the tRNA to allow for accurate reading of the mRNA genetic c

264 xic sensitivity and protein synthesis to the tRNA biogenesis mutants, but not to the mutant reducing

265 y of KRAS in cell lines that differ in their tRNA expression profile.

266 y additional gene products involved in these tRNA trafficking events.

267 Although these tRNAs are efficiently mischarged, no corresponding Thr-t

268 ssing tRNAs and could demonstrate that these tRNAs are toxic to cells due to their miscoding capacity

269 ement of TARS2, but not cytoplasmic threonyl-tRNA synthetase TARS, for this effect demonstrates an ad

270 nine (Thr) levels via mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetase TARS2.

271 h catalyses translational elongation through tRNA modifications at the wobble (U(34)) position(5,6).

272 es for protein-tRNA interaction analogous to tRNA recognition by the RNA component of ribonucleoprote

273 Fragment-based lead discovery was applied to tRNA-guanine transglycosylase, an enzyme modifying post-

274 ynthetase that accurately charges leucine to tRNA(Leu) for protein translation.

275 ation levels or high codon usage relative to tRNA abundance.

276 ) isoC ribonucleoside in S. cerevisiae total tRNA hydrolysate by higher-energy collisional dissociati

277 , an enzyme modifying post-transcriptionally tRNAs in Shigella, the causative agent of shigellosis.

278 TrmD (tRNA-(N(1)G37) methyltransferase) is an essential tRNA m

279 The chloroplast glutamyl-tRNA (tRNA(Glu)) is unique in that it has two entirely differe

280 d CRISPR-Cas systems, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), tRNA synthetases, tRNA-modification enzymes, translation

281 taining tRNAs codons read by tRNA(Gln(TTG)), tRNA(Arg(CCG)), and tRNA(Thr(CGT)) These findings collec

282 tail of the tRNA, weakens the crucial EF-Tu-tRNA interactions, which lowers tRNA binding affinity, r

283 The molecular basis for how these two tRNA features combine to ensure accurate decoding is unc

284 Depletion of tyrosine tRNA(GUA) or its translationally regulated targets USP3

285 Tyrosine-tRNA(GUA) depletion impaired translation of growth and m

286 idative stress can rapidly generate tyrosine-tRNA(GUA) fragments in human cells-causing significant d

287 Puromycin is a tyrosyl-tRNA mimic that blocks translation by labeling and relea

288 in vivo functional verification of a tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase mutant for the genetic encoding of sulfo

289 starvation response, indicative of uncharged tRNA accumulation and Gcn2 kinase activation.

290 d the reporter, independent of the uncharged tRNA sensor.

291 aRS population can sequester free, uncharged tRNAs during aminoacylation.

292 explains how aaRS sequestration of uncharged tRNAs can prevent GCN4 activation under non-starvation c

293 ino acids leads to accumulation of uncharged tRNAs, which can bind and activate GCN2 kinase to reduce

294 conformational change of the PPR domain upon tRNA binding and moreover demonstrated the need for pron

295 4p depletion, confirmed experimentally using tRNA Northern blotting.

296 y, we built a 'tRNA thermometer' model using tRNA sequence to predict OGT.

297 ributed between the two pathways and whether tRNA(Glu) allocation limits tetrapyrrole biosynthesis an

298 A loci is exceptionally well correlated with tRNA gene activity, supporting a prominent regulatory ro

299 ures and the specificity in interaction with tRNA fragments advocate paramount importance toward unde

300 ces large ribosomal subunits obstructed with tRNA-linked nascent chains, which are substrates of ribo

301 acids are corrected within an aaRS, a wrong tRNA is handled in trans by an aaRS cognate to the misch