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1 dyzoite to a fast-replicating, highly motile tachyzoite.
2 surface antigens not previously observed in tachyzoites.
3 nt(s) that normally suppresses expression in tachyzoites.
4 all of lower magnitude than those induced by tachyzoites.
5 blood within leukocytes or as extracellular tachyzoites.
6 cal movements exhibited by Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites.
7 es and dendritic cells) and as extracellular tachyzoites.
8 s within secretory compartments of T. gondii tachyzoites.
9 , which showed the same rates of motility as tachyzoites.
10 ily detected on the surface of newly invaded tachyzoites.
11 C1), a component of the membrane skeleton in tachyzoites.
12 imary ocular infection and challenge with RH tachyzoites.
13 re of surface proteins partially shared with tachyzoites.
14 roteinase inhibitors interrupted invasion by tachyzoites.
15 ve oxygen species (ROS) levels in N. caninum tachyzoites.
16 ns dominate the surface of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites.
17 washed, fibroblast-derived Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites.
18 ng the host cell monolayer as effectively as tachyzoites.
19 ce to a challenge infection with virulent RH tachyzoites.
20 isin-type serine protease found in T. gondii tachyzoites.
21 g, as we show is also the case in Toxoplasma tachyzoites.
22 their survival after challenge with virulent tachyzoites.
23 ion of host cells by extracellular T. gondii tachyzoites.
24 were partially resistant to lethal doses of tachyzoites.
25 vivo by blocking infection of host cells by tachyzoites.
26 ere measured in host cells and extracellular tachyzoites.
27 er incubation of T cells with DC plus killed tachyzoites.
28 hallenged with the highly virulent RH strain tachyzoites.
29 in new macrophages, giving rise to dividing tachyzoites.
30 abelled Phe into proteins in individual live tachyzoites.
31 mmatory cytokines when exposed to toxoplasma tachyzoites.
32 gondii, we mapped the ubiquitin proteome of tachyzoites.
33 age the parasitic process driven by AMA1(KO) tachyzoites.
34 and sections were immunostained to identify tachyzoites.
35 ers of actively dividing, tissue-destructive tachyzoites.
36 and retinal cell lines, with YFP-expressing tachyzoites.
37 5 after intraperitoneal inoculation with 500 tachyzoites.
38 tly expressed protease inhibitor in parasite tachyzoites.
39 o laboratory or natural strains of T. gondii tachyzoites.
40 cation validating these molecular targets in tachyzoites.
41 were incubated with either Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites (10:1, parasites per cell) or Escherichia co
43 ation assays, retinas contained 110-250 live tachyzoites; 64.5-95.2% (mean =79.6%) were localized to
46 s ability to switch between fast-replicating tachyzoite (acute) and quiescent bradyzoite (chronic) st
47 ve IL-12 responses to T. gondii Ags (soluble tachyzoite Ag (STAg)) were observed in MyD88(-/-) perito
50 ing (scRNA-seq) on >5,400 Toxoplasma in both tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages using three widely stud
52 cycle of this parasite: the rapidly dividing tachyzoite and the more slowly dividing, encysted bradyz
53 on occurs during stage conversion, such that tachyzoites and bradyzoites express closely related but
54 n) gave efficient expression of FLUC in both tachyzoites and bradyzoites, indicating that the bradyzo
57 TgCDPK1 protein was expressed in Toxoplasma tachyzoites and cofractionated precisely with the peak o
62 early bradyzoite nucleus and is repressed in tachyzoites and in mature bradyzoites from 30-d infected
63 nses was found during extended incubation of tachyzoites and Mphi in that 24 h of incubation of infec
66 rvive an otherwise lethal dose of Toxoplasma tachyzoites and that complementation of the mutant with
67 imately 8 h in response to injection of live tachyzoites and that this is correlated with increased t
69 which encompass examples of constitutive and tachyzoite- and bradyzoite-specific genes, are able to r
70 eomic analysis of T. gondii extract (soluble tachyzoite antigen [STAg]), which preserves the immunosu
72 Vaccination of BALB/c mice with a soluble tachyzoite antigen preparation, STAg, in combination wit
74 using immunoblotting following separation of tachyzoite antigens by two-dimensional gel electrophores
75 cyst antigen CST1, failure to down-regulate tachyzoite antigens, such as tachyzoite surface antigens
76 least, the observed physiology of T. gondii tachyzoites appears to phenocopy cancer cells, which hol
78 ikely necessitates host cell modulation, and tachyzoites are known to modify a number of signaling ca
79 ediate hosts such as humans: rapidly growing tachyzoites are responsible for acute illness, whereas s
82 1 does not affect the invasion and growth of tachyzoites as TgCPC2 is then up-regulated and may subst
83 orporation into the nuclear DNA of T. gondii tachyzoites as the surrogate endpoint for growth, the IC
84 ons show that these mutants behave more like tachyzoites at a global level, even under bradyzoite dif
85 umerous punctate structures in the nuclei of tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and sporozoites but not oocyst
87 DeltaTgPI1 parasites replicate normally as tachyzoites but exhibit increased bradyzoite gene transc
88 the new test is based on complement lysis of tachyzoites, but it is much easier to perform and the re
90 an index of T. gondii proliferation, because tachyzoites, but not human cells, incorporate uracil dir
91 munized mice showed recognition of T. gondii tachyzoites by immunofluorescence and exhibited high tit
93 the most highly expressed cathepsin mRNA in tachyzoites (by real-time PCR), but three cathepsins, Tg
96 ose factors is tightly controlled during the tachyzoite cell cycle to permit their correct packaging
101 lence in mice of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain tachyzoites containing various copies of the chloramphen
104 antly greater radioactivity was measured for tachyzoites cultured with retinal versus other cell subt
105 th soluble T. gondii extracts or heat-killed tachyzoites, demonstrating a requirement for live parasi
109 endritic cells were more permissive to rapid tachyzoite division than neutrophils or lymphocytes.
110 e major mediator to prevent proliferation of tachyzoites during acute infection, but does require per
112 is definitively not an essential protein for tachyzoite entry and multiplication in host cells, it cl
114 nt method using transgenic Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites expressing beta-galactosidase was developed
115 d gp15 reacted with the surface membranes of tachyzoites expressing the Cpgp40/15 construct, and this
118 man myeloid cells fail to respond to soluble tachyzoite extracts and instead require contact with liv
119 in Plasmodium liver stages and in Toxoplasma tachyzoites fatty acid synthesis is an essential role of
120 proteins modified by O-Fuc are important for tachyzoite fitness, O-fucosylation by TgSPY is not essen
121 ion consisting of live, avirulent N. caninum tachyzoites followed by virulent challenge during subseq
124 a gondii converts from a rapidly replicating tachyzoite form during acute infection to a quiescent en
126 gene encoding this protein was identified in tachyzoites genetically complemented with a sporozoite c
127 feron knockout mice inoculated with emergent tachyzoites grew at a slow rate and expressed BAG1, conf
128 oups of CBA/J mice, which display continuous tachyzoite growth in their brains during the later stage
129 stly by the antibodies of mice with cerebral tachyzoite growth include MIC6, the rhoptry protein ROP1
131 mulation of CD3(+) T cells into the areas of tachyzoite growth was significantly less frequent in the
137 contrast, only the group immunized with live tachyzoites had strong cellular and gamma interferon res
138 tition studies between mixtures of T. gondii tachyzoites harbouring wild-type or mutant DHFR-TS allel
140 d to arginine oligomers enters extracellular tachyzoites, host cells, tachyzoites inside parasitophor
141 actin filaments at the anterior end of each tachyzoite in association with the conoid, where they fo
142 nds (5a,h,k,l) were tested against T. gondii tachyzoites in culture and were found to have a potency
146 st challenge infections with highly virulent tachyzoites in immunized mice via their role as helper c
148 r vaccination-induced resistance to virulent tachyzoites in order to produce antibodies and that anti
149 arly mortality and pathology associated with tachyzoites in the brain in the infected muMT mice.
156 s the parasite's interconversion between the tachyzoite (in acute infection) and bradyzoite (in chron
157 al macrophages stimulated with IFN-gamma and tachyzoites indicated that under limiting concentrations
159 IL-12 and TNF-alpha production, a result of tachyzoite-induced blockade of NF-kappaB nuclear translo
162 radyzoite infection and compared to those of tachyzoite-infected and uninfected hosts cells 2 days po
164 ielded only about half the changes seen with tachyzoite infection, and those changes that did occur w
165 group of genes were specifically induced by tachyzoite infection, including granulocyte-macrophage c
166 fic Abs, in resistance to persistent active (tachyzoite) infection with T. gondii in mice, especially
167 nters extracellular tachyzoites, host cells, tachyzoites inside parasitophorous vacuoles within host
169 sistent with this, both plaque formation and tachyzoite invasion were broadly similar in the presence
173 tion of infected leukocytes or extracellular tachyzoites led to reduced parasite loads in mice with D
177 NcCyP was detected in whole-cell N. caninum tachyzoite lysate antigen (NcAg) and N. caninum tachyzoi
178 etal death, whereas immunization using whole-tachyzoite lysate in different adjuvants fails to protec
179 nd lysis were required for this response, as tachyzoite lysates alone had no effect on IL-8 secretion
180 is known that whilst inside a host cell the tachyzoite maintains its single mitochondrion at its per
181 development against bovine neosporosis, the tachyzoite major surface proteins NcSAG1 and NcSRS2 were
183 scular endothelium to infection by T. gondii tachyzoites may explain, at least in part, preferential
185 ignificantly higher (p </= 0.005) numbers of tachyzoites measured in glial verus neuronal cell lines.
186 and release of MIC2 by ionophore-stimulated tachyzoites mimics the redistribution of MIC2 that occur
187 ritic cell as a potential taxi for T. gondii tachyzoites moving across the human retinal endothelium,
188 If vaccinated with attenuated T. gondii tachyzoites, muMT mice are susceptible to a challenge in
189 tified a microbial protein in the N. caninum tachyzoite N. caninum cyclophilin (NcCyP) as a major com
190 These results indicate that the N. caninum tachyzoite naturally produces a potent IFN-gamma-inducin
191 or-dependent phagocytosis of antibody-coated tachyzoites nor antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
192 of TgAMA1 from the surface of extracellular tachyzoites occurs exclusively via cleavage within the l
196 We demonstrate that viable, but not killed, tachyzoites of T. gondii altered the phenotype of immatu
197 covered a sugar-binding activity (lectin) in tachyzoites of T. gondii that plays a role in vitro in e
198 tochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi) of tachyzoites of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gond
199 l pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) and tachyzoites of the apicomplexan protozoan parasite Toxop
202 ions about the outcome associated with these tachyzoites once inoculated in the peritoneal cavity of
204 trophils were incubated either with purified tachyzoites or with conditioned medium derived from T. g
207 plasma gondii RH-AMA1 knockout (RH-AMA1(KO)) tachyzoite population, in vitro, raised key questions ab
210 mulation of the T cells into the areas where tachyzoites proliferate to prevent reactivation of chron
211 tigens increase in association with cerebral tachyzoite proliferation (reactivation of infection) in
212 eived treatment with sulfadiazine to prevent tachyzoite proliferation during the chronic stage of inf
215 feration and differentiation steps, of which tachyzoite proliferation is the most relevant to pathoge
216 ransductive peptide conjugated PMO (PPMO) on tachyzoite protein expression and replication in vitro a
218 MA1 protein is produced during intracellular tachyzoite replication and initially localizes to the mi
220 id not appear to be a result of uncontrolled tachyzoite replication, because both parasite-specific R
224 ging of mice intraperitoneally infected with tachyzoites revealed that during an acute infection, wil
228 ess the bradyzoite antigen BAG-1 but not the tachyzoite-specific antigen SAG-2 but are different from
230 after sulfadiazine discontinuation, cerebral tachyzoite-specific SAG1 mRNA levels and numbers of infl
235 essary for either a rapid replication of the tachyzoite stage or a quiescent lifestyle typical of the
236 M1, TgROM4, and TgROM5 were expressed in the tachyzoite stage responsible for the disease, whereas Tg
237 abolic model (iTgo) for the fast-replicating tachyzoite stage, harmonized with experimentally observe
238 ere, we show that in the rapidly replicating tachyzoite stage, TgPL1 is localized within vesicles ins
240 ur earlier work demonstrated that the acute (tachyzoite) stage of T. gondii depends on cooperativity
242 hesins that are secreted onto the Toxoplasma tachyzoite surface and capped to its posterior pole are
243 n activated macrophages, colocalizing with a tachyzoite surface antigen, SAG1, and oriented with its
245 o down-regulate tachyzoite antigens, such as tachyzoite surface antigens 1 and 2A, and decreased resi
248 ith [(13)C]glucose showed that intracellular tachyzoites synthesized a range of long and very long ch
249 AC]-fixed versus that of formalin [HS]-fixed tachyzoites) test (AC/HS test) has primarily been used i
252 and TgROM4 localized to the cell surface in tachyzoites, TgROM5 was primarily at the posterior of th
253 known suppressor of mitotic defects, and in tachyzoites, TgXPMC2-YFP localized to the parasite nucle
255 p29 and Ncp35, respectively) from N. caninum tachyzoites that are the predominant antigens recognized
256 immune response during acute infection with tachyzoites that eliminates most of the parasites and to
257 traperitoneal infection with highly virulent tachyzoites that similarly vaccinated B-cell-sufficient
260 ed only once every 15 h and, unlike emergent tachyzoites, they grew at this slower rate over several
261 rgoes transformation from a rapidly dividing tachyzoite to a long-lived, slow-dividing bradyzoite con
263 hing in Toxoplasma gondii, from the virulent tachyzoite to the relatively quiescent bradyzoite stage,
270 dergoes differentiation from rapidly growing tachyzoites to slowly growing bradyzoites during its lif
271 ent also reduced the replication of emergent tachyzoites to the rate of growth-shifted parasites, sup
272 bility may relate to preferential binding of tachyzoites to the retinal vascular endothelial surface,
273 s the transition from its replicative stage (tachyzoite) to the latent stage (bradyzoite) that persis
276 with laboratory or natural strain T. gondii tachyzoites transmigrated in larger numbers across simul
277 opy of both free and intracellular T. gondii tachyzoites using purified universal V-PPase polyclonal
278 ocytes, but inhibition of growth and loss of tachyzoite vacuoles were evident in IFN-gamma-treated as
280 to the parasitophorous vacuole of transgenic tachyzoites was completely inhibited by the cathepsin C
281 nfection, and near-normal histology with few tachyzoites was observed in the eyes of mice immunized i
284 mice, as the initially fast-growing emergent tachyzoites were avirulent (100% lethal dose, >10(4) par
287 numbers of inflammatory foci associated with tachyzoites were markedly greater in anti-alpha4 integri
289 ts and areas of inflammation associated with tachyzoites were observed in brains of muMT than in cont
290 e areas of necrosis associated with numerous tachyzoites were observed only in brains of muMT mice.
291 AG1 mRNA and numbers of foci associated with tachyzoites were significantly greater in the former tha
293 osine transporter of the parasite, T. gondii tachyzoites were transfected with an insertional mutagen
295 ssive, and heat-inactivated, antibody-coated tachyzoites, which efficiently entered the cell through
296 characterize a novel organelle in T. gondii tachyzoites, which is visible by light microscopy and po
297 zyme does not affect the growth of T. gondii tachyzoites, which suggests that the de novo pyrimidine
298 brary was screened against Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites with activity discovered for N-(4-ethylbenzo
300 ng of a number of tissue cysts but few or no tachyzoites within the placenta and fetal adrenal and he