ライフサイエンスコーパス: temperature gradient

1 ealed with multiple reaction norms along the temperature gradient.

2 of leaf thermoregulation across a broad air temperature gradient.

3 y and overcome the effect of an unfavourable temperature gradient.

4 sly changed after reversing the direction of temperature gradient.

5 stable salinity gradient and stabilized by a temperature gradient.

6 ux of molecules and colloidal particles in a temperature gradient.

7 rofile of several bacterial populations in a temperature gradient.

8 ) imaging measurements made across a spatial temperature gradient.

9 of the fluorescent probes in a laser-induced temperature gradient.

10 uctor switches, which can be operated with a temperature gradient.

11 partial nitritation/anammox process to this temperature gradient.

12 ophorus nepalensis) along an elevational and temperature gradient.

13 The pattern is less clear along a temperature gradient.

14 ch steepened the interhemispheric meridional temperature gradient.

15 t sites on the western Italian coast along a temperature gradient.

16 en saturation, and forearm-to-fingertip skin temperature gradient.

17 for thermal separation and selection under a temperature gradient.

18 bacteria to drift toward the cold end of the temperature gradient.

19 olution in comparison to the standard linear temperature gradient.

20 be achieved by reducing the steepness of the temperature gradient.

21 obal ice volume and an increased latitudinal temperature gradient.

22 y dark field microscopy in an on-chip linear temperature gradient.

23 s that the Earth's mantle has a subadiabatic temperature gradient.

24 e bulk flow of solution in the presence of a temperature gradient.

25 ponse to the enhanced upper-level meridional temperature gradient.

26 ensions as a function of time along a linear temperature gradient.

27 e effects induced by the presence of a local temperature gradient.

28 ories that are directly visualized along the temperature gradient.

29 moted CyHV-3 replication in the context of a temperature gradient.

30 body in a fluid is proportional to the local temperature gradient.

31 urface temperature thresholds or inter-ocean temperature gradients.

32 rate is more pronounced at low than at high temperature gradients.

33 the patterns in R found across geographical temperature gradients.

34 ts frustrate efforts to detect the resulting temperature gradients.

35 temperatures and negligible equatorial zonal temperature gradients.

36 ped that synergistically combine solvent and temperature gradients.

37 K range giving AgCuS the ability to maintain temperature gradients.

38 ies along latitudinal as well as bathymetric temperature gradients.

39 effect), which is mass transport induced by temperature gradients.

40 study individual larval movements on defined temperature gradients.

41 s more strongly correlated with geographical temperature gradients.

42 ing directly constrains the lowermost mantle temperature gradients.

43 , the Asian monsoon, and Pacific sea surface temperature gradients.

44 s that amplify minor nonuniformities such as temperature gradients.

45 a lower temperature in the presence of sharp temperature gradients.

46 and even reversing the expected urban-rural temperature gradients.

47 drate allocation within trees is assisted by temperature gradients.

48 e, specifically reduced meridional and zonal temperature gradients.

49 rse phenotypes in the wild along drought and temperature gradients.

50 A large temperature gradient (10 degrees C) was applied with a p

51 We examined MMHg dynamics across a temperature gradient (4, 12, 24 degrees C) in marine sed

52 brown trout as top predators across a stream temperature gradient (4-25 degrees C).

53 f global warming is weakening the meridional temperature gradient(8-10), acting to weaken the upper-l

54 radient focusing technique, which utilizes a temperature gradient across a microchannel or capillary

55 -lactoglobulin amyloid fibrils by inducing a temperature gradient across a microfluidic channel.

56 the transverse thermoelectric response to a temperature gradient across a thin film of yttrium iron

57 The former is known from the temperature gradient across the column, the temperature

58 Local infrared laser illumination produces a temperature gradient across the embryo, which is precise

59 Thus, the modern strong sea surface temperature gradient across the equatorial Pacific is no

60 with winter harshness along a south-to-north temperature gradient across the range of A. texana, indi

61 rature (Tm) of hybrids by applying a spatial temperature gradient across the sensor surface.

62 significant TSTs in MTJs by generating large temperature gradients across ultrathin MgO tunnel barrie

63 In TGF, the application of a controlled temperature gradient along the length of a microchannel

64 In this work, we develop a bilinear temperature gradient along the separation channel that i

65 Negative temperature gradients along the gas chromatographic sepa

66 rature gradient focusing, a combination of a temperature gradient, an applied electric field, and a b

67 Laser processing can impose large temperature gradients, an ability that has been used to

68 sources of line broadening from MACS, sample temperature gradient and anisotropic magnetic susceptibi

69 ns the anisotropy by coupling to the applied temperature gradient and breaking cubic symmetry.

70 nitudes of LMC steepening of equator-to-pole temperature gradient and CO(2) decline.

71 Temperature gradient and crystalline quality of the SiC

72 link that tightly couples zonal sea-surface temperature gradient and ENSO variability during large c

73 and the favored temperature of the cell in a temperature gradient and in various chemical environment

74 non about the migration of particles along a temperature gradient and is sensitive to the properties

75 rrelated positively with the core-peripheral temperature gradient and plasma lactate levels and inver

76 ve a small contribution to spin current by a temperature gradient and the spin-dependent Seebeck effe

77 loss channels in order to establish a larger temperature gradient and therefore to increase the overa

78 In thermotaxis assays of temperature gradient and two-temperature choice assays,

79 gard the baroclinic zone--the zone of strong temperature gradients and active eddies--as a heat engin

80 n various microfluidic devices that generate temperature gradients and by comparing these results wit

81 emperature gradient, but changes in vertical temperature gradients and increasing moisture also affec

82 ion vessel (the "saturator") to minimize the temperature gradients and internal volume, (2) the use o

83 imetal niobium phosphide (NbP) for collinear temperature gradients and magnetic fields that vanishes

84 Models that included other effects such as temperature gradients and transport in other directions

85 vice fabrication, delivery of a reproducible temperature gradient, and overcoming evaporation are des

86 g direction is elevated due to a significant temperature gradient, and thus locations in the material

87 aluated effects from vitreal macromolecules, temperature gradients, and ambient air on vitreal Po(2)

88 g that suggest anomalous mantle pressure and temperature gradients, and by observations of concentrat

89 Graphoepitaxy, in-plane electric fields, temperature gradients, and directional solidification ha

90 creates continuous high temperatures, strong temperature gradients, and extended hot annealing region

91 novel means of generating spin currents from temperature gradients, and their associated thermal-spin

92 l variation in mean annual R across a global temperature gradient; and future increases in R under cl

93 g and across the column and axial and radial temperature gradients appear.

94 membrane, the movement of molecules along a temperature gradient appears feasible.

95 The axial and radial temperature gradients are discussed in relationship with

96 Orthogonal, linear, pressure and temperature gradients are obtained with 100 parallel mic

97 Because huge temperature gradients are present around hydrothermal ve

98 ates of diversity turnover across the global temperature gradients are substantially lower than those

99 tic ablation with MW and RF energy creates a temperature gradient around a target site with temperatu

100 third mode-which arises from the meridional temperature gradient as affected by Earth's obliquity (a

101 Finally, the use of temperature gradients as well as other complex temperatu

102 ENSO was not tied directly to the east-west temperature gradient, as previously suggested.

103 in low in headwaters because of strong local temperature gradients associated with topographic contro

104 net diffusional flux of the P(i)-sensor in a temperature gradient at defined time intervals, we valid

105 heating, a temporally and spatially mediated temperature gradient at the axon level (3.8 degrees C-6.

106 ion suggests the existence of a subadiabatic temperature gradient at the top of the outer core.

107 enthic organic matter (FBOM) across seasonal temperature gradients before (PRE) and after (ENR1, ENR2

108 (CuCrZr) case-study irradiated with a linear temperature gradient between 125 and 440 degrees C.

109 Pressure drop and temperature gradient between LC and MS were considered t

110 tic overturning and repeatedly steepened the temperature gradient between Nova Scotia and Greenland s

111 antly reduce the bioassay time by creating a temperature gradient between the bulk and the surface, w

112 Our reconstruction shows that the meridional temperature gradient between the equator and subtropics

113 The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles i

114 icity associated with an enhanced meridional temperature gradient between the Sahara and Guinea Coast

115 conductivity is favorable for preserving the temperature gradient between the two ends of a thermoele

116 centrations, have not corrected the data for temperature gradients between the surface and sampling a

117 two peltier elements in order to maintain a temperature gradient (between 12 and 40 degrees C) acros

118 Arctic fjord sediments was investigated in a temperature gradient block incubator for temperatures ra

119 alized and tracked in a PEG solution under a temperature gradient built by infrared laser focusing.

120 iii) we work in a natural system with a wide temperature gradient but minimal variation in other fact

121 species composition between sites along the temperature gradient but open habitat transects did not.

122 had substantially lower meridional and zonal temperature gradients but similar maximum ocean temperat

123 s partly explained by a weakening meridional temperature gradient, but changes in vertical temperatur

124 decrease with decreasing meridional surface temperature gradient, but convective MAPE is relatively

125 sity in plants are primarily determined by a temperature gradient, but precipitation gradients may be

126 species distributions are closely linked to temperature gradients, but how individual behaviour is a

127 mate change is strengthening this meridional temperature gradient by cooling the polar lower stratosp

128 On the other hand, a temperature gradient can be formed parallel to the direc

129 his article, it is shown how a simple linear temperature gradient can be generated across dozens of p

130 With an appropriate buffer, the temperature gradient can generate a corresponding gradie

131 Customised temperature gradients can be created across the length o

132 We developed an HMA that uses temperature gradient capillary electrophoresis (TGCE) to

133 screened for single-nucleotide changes using temperature gradient capillary electrophoresis (TGCE), f

134 Temperature gradient capillary electrophoresis was intro

135 analysis of both high-resolution melting and temperature-gradient capillary electrophoresis data.

136 gene (Car8) was detected by high-throughput temperature-gradient capillary electrophoresis heterodup

137 reliable mutation detection scheme based on temperature-gradient capillary electrophoresis.

138 The spatial temperature gradient caused by the near-infrared laser b

139 fastest in this region, the steep depth-wise temperature gradient caused thermally suitable areas for

140 supports net condensation, and that vertical temperature gradients caused by light absorption vary ov

141 st United States, including when an enhanced temperature gradient coincided with subregional droughts

142 essential for optimal operation and because temperature gradients contain information about the ener

143 e human embryonic fibroblast, we demonstrate temperature-gradient control and mapping at the subcellu

144 This local thermogenesis and the resulting temperature gradient could facilitate the development of

145 With an appropriate buffer, the temperature gradient creates a gradient in both the elec

146 The electron temperature gradient drives electron diffusion, and asym

147 Earth's equator-to-pole temperature gradient drives westerly mid-latitude jet st

148 e surrounding tissue has been explained by a temperature gradient due to heat diffusion.

149 isture migration and to exclude moisture and temperature gradients during baking, crustless cakes wer

150 during positive thermotaxis and to move down temperature gradients during negative thermotaxis.

151 he larva uses the same strategies to move up temperature gradients during positive thermotaxis and to

152 Our findings indicate that across natural temperature gradients, each increase in MAT by 1 degrees

153 The PCR product was subjected to temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis (TTGE) and the numb

154 l targets by melting curve analysis based on temperature-gradient electrophoresis within 3h, which is

155 hat the axonal guidance is caused by shallow temperature-gradient, eliminating the role of any non-ph

156 ve absorption, which creates large localized temperature gradients even with unfocused, spatially uni

157 Here, we show that extremely large temperature gradients (exceeding 1 x 10(9) K m(-1)) can

158 riations of the Atlantic/Pacific sea surface temperature gradient, external radiative forcings, and t

159 predicted in theoretical simulations under a temperature gradient field.

160 vapor-to-particle (or -droplet) process in a temperature gradient field.

161 We describe the serial combination of temperature gradient focusing (TGF) and field-amplified

162 A hybridization assays are demonstrated with temperature gradient focusing (TGF) and peptide nucleic

163 ation system is presented combining scanning temperature gradient focusing (TGF) and sodium dodecyl s

164 The new technique is based on temperature gradient focusing (TGF) and takes advantage

165 We present an experimental study of temperature gradient focusing (TGF) exploiting an inhere

166 Temperature gradient focusing (TGF) is a counterflow gra

167 Temperature gradient focusing (TGF) is a recently develo

168 In addition, chiral temperature gradient focusing allows for real-time monit

169 With temperature gradient focusing, a combination of a temper

170 f micellar electrokinetic chromatography and temperature gradient focusing.

171 accurate and highly effective control of the temperature gradient for achieving improved separation r

172 soil microbiota in anoxic microcosms over a temperature gradient from 1 to 30 degrees C, combining m

173 at 33 sites in China along a latitudinal and temperature gradient from 21 degrees N to 30.5 degrees N

174 nergy conversion efficiency of ~20.7% at the temperature gradient from 300 to 900 K).

175 s at many sites spanning a broad latitudinal temperature gradient from tropical to subalpine forests.

176 habitats characterized by strong sea surface-temperature gradients (fronts) over other available habi

177 water film, with thickness inhomogeneity and temperature gradient, fully utilizes the input energy th

178 Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and in v

179 system for DNA mutation analysis, utilizing temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) in a pol

180 sequences from combinatorial libraries using temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE).

181 e stabilities of the RNAs were determined by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE).

182 RNA-based polymerase chain reaction-temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and next-genera

183 ial DNA (mtDNA) in tumorigenesis, a temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis method was used

184 Using temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis, we have analyz

185 Temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis and UV melting

186 ffect, the generation of a spin current by a temperature gradient, has attracted great attention, but

187 en-limited conditions along a heat-treatment-temperature gradient (HTT; 200-650 degrees C).

188 titudinal gradient (associated with a winter-temperature gradient); (ii) the elevational gradient wit

189 apparatus designed to generate a controlled temperature gradient in a microfluidic chip, called a mi

190 ternary giant unilamellar vesicles held in a temperature gradient in conditions where they exhibit co

191 s for primordial RNA polymerization inside a temperature gradient in pores or fissures of rocks.

192 a transient increasing east-west sea surface temperature gradient in the 20th-century tropical Pacifi

193 ot was focused next to the bubble to yield a temperature gradient in the direction parallel to the GN

194 detailed physical models, we found a radial temperature gradient in the disk, with a dust-free regio

195 netic insulators Y3Fe5O12 and NiFe2O4 with a temperature gradient in the film plane.

196 h thermocapillary force, induced by the high temperature gradient in the laser interaction region, ca

197 aximal size of 74 fish species along a steep temperature gradient in the Mediterranean Sea and find s

198 on 10 farms across a wide precipitation and temperature gradient in the midcontinental U.S. to deter

199 d temporal dynamics of both species across a temperature gradient in the northern Channel Islands, Ca

200 2 Te3 and Bi2 Te3 as p-n legs to utilize the temperature gradient in the vertical direction.

201 Temperature gradients in a low-shear-velocity province i

202 m a single common street tree species across temperature gradients in four US cities, located from 35

203 Leaf size variation along temperature gradients in humid forests may therefore ref

204 designed and employed to externally generate temperature gradients in spatial and temporal formats al

205 ese textiles can harvest thermal energy from temperature gradients in the desirable through-thickness

206 eric stability and a decrease in sea surface temperature gradients in the Northern Indian Ocean.

207 er Pacific warm-pool SSTs and low equatorial temperature gradients in the past.

208 how that highly anomalous fluid pressure and temperature gradients in the upper part of the seismogen

209 ated models, such as a reduction of vertical temperature gradients in winter, a reduction in summer t

210 m frustule is highly correlated with oceanic temperature gradients inferred from the delta18O of fora

211 that makes complementary use of solvent and temperature gradient interaction chromatography (SGIC an

212 Mass transport driven by temperature gradient is commonly seen in fluids.

213 t the behavior of a wild-type bacterium in a temperature gradient is determined by a linear combinati

214 A temperature gradient is induced in a Au/Al dual-layer ta

215 The temperature gradient is now applied along the optical ax

216 y polar ice sheets and large equator-to-pole temperature gradients, is rooted in environmental change

217 hermal diffusion (mass diffusion driven by a temperature gradient, known as the Ludwig-Soret effect)

218 fluence of atmospheric stability, horizontal temperature gradients, land-sea breeze, temperature, glo

219 consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly

220 Latitudinal and elevational temperature gradients (LTG and ETG) play central roles i

221 r the tropics, where the shallow latitudinal temperature gradient makes upslope shifts more likely th

222 and we suggest that the increased West-East temperature gradient may have increased the likelihood o

223 f energy storage, we show that intramuscular temperature gradients may enable molecular motors (cross

224 climate state with weak tropical sea surface temperature gradients may require additional mechanisms

225 The temperature gradients measured during surgery are domina

226 acrylamide), PNIPAM, was investigated with a temperature gradient microfluidic device under a dark-fi

227 A continuous-flow, temperature gradient microfluidic device was used to dem

228 transition of lysozyme were investigated by temperature gradient microfluidics under a dark field mi

229 lation in hydrothermal pores occurs, so that temperature gradients might play a role in the origin of

230 abling technology, high-speed separations in temperature gradient mode were performed both in common

231 ees C to be of 10.5% and 6.6 Wcm(-2) under a temperature gradient of 150 degrees Cmm(-1), respectivel

232 With a steady-state temperature gradient of 20-30 degrees C across a sample,

233 separation) and show that we can maintain a temperature gradient of 260 K between the cold and hot s

234 tterned monolayer graphene, which leads to a temperature gradient of 4.7 K across the device terminal

235 S), and desert steppe (DS)-were exposed to a temperature gradient of 5-25 degrees C.

236 the process is essentially isothermal and a temperature gradient of minor importance.

237 modern conditions while maintaining a zonal temperature gradient of ~3 degrees C in the late Miocene

238 With temperature gradients of the order 1 degrees C and diffu

239 The effect of varying the temperature gradient on the resolution of two of the cou

240 th airflow that can induce a shear force and temperature gradient on the sample.

241 al advance in understanding the influence of temperature gradients on the dynamics of freestanding gr

242 le metal such as gold can be magnetized by a temperature gradient or magnetic resonance when in conta

243 ments of animals responding to fixed spatial temperature gradients or random temperature fluctuations

244 iparticles' trajectories may bend, causing a temperature gradient perpendicular to the heat current a

245 ow perfusion index or a high core-peripheral temperature gradient, predicted mortality in patients wi

246 Environmental temperature gradients provide habitat structure in which

247 We modeled space use across an ambient temperature gradient (ranging from -20 to 38 degrees C)

248 lar shifts, however, is in the form of their temperature gradients, rather than by their direct estim

249 occurs under nonisothermal conditions with a temperature gradient relaxing from about 40 to 20 degree

250 omic drift due to electric current and local temperature gradients resulting from intense Joule heati

251 The temperature gradient seen across areas of the patera ind

252 Such convection can occur when salinity and temperature gradients share the same sign, often resulti

253 d chromatographic conditions, varying column temperature, gradient slope, ion-pairing reagent concent

254 On the other hand, the meridional temperature gradient spanning the Sahel has increased in

255 differed substantially across the elevation/temperature gradient, suggesting that these plants will

256 We have used temperature gradient surface plasmon resonance (SPR) mea

257 significantly lower rates of turnover across temperature gradients than other major taxa, which has i

258 rthern hemisphere create an interhemispheric temperature gradient that enhances the southward cross-e

259 the cold ends, sustaining an extremely high temperature gradient that should have driven even larger

260 ds to the emplacement of a strong meridional temperature gradient that typifies icehouse climate cond

261 duces differences in annual R across spatial temperature gradients that agree well with global variat

262 Diurnal temperature gradients that cause variations in methane r

263 Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient-that is, warming of the Arctic with

264 voltage induced by vortex flow in a driving temperature gradient (the Nernst effect), in magnetic fi

265 erate, currents from misaligned pressure and temperature gradients (the Biermann battery process) ine

266 For a certain temperature gradient, the critical solidification rate f

267 In addition to the temperature gradient, the resulting flow patterns would

268 intuitively, when increasing the stabilizing temperature gradient, the salinity flux first increases,

269 to achieve high vibration frequency at small temperature gradients, thereby, demonstrating effective

270 a reusable platform that can apply a linear temperature gradient to a lab-on-a-chip device.

271 l average(4), decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in

272 motile and migrates in response to light and temperature gradients to the surface of the soil to form

273 ere, we study Drosophila larva navigation up temperature gradients toward preferred temperatures (pos

274 e weakened because of the reduced meridional temperature gradient under polar amplification.

275 l gradients of up to 16 degrees C and radial temperature gradients up to 8 degrees C, which can produ

276 lding of native proteins by application of a temperature gradient using a single cycle of 5 min or le

277 e cautions against inferring past meridional temperature gradients using spatially limited data withi

278 ng between boundaries is small (<1 mum), and temperature gradients vary rapidly in space.

279 On the basis of this observation, a temperature gradient was designed and optimized to fully

280 At ~2.73 Ma, the Atlantic-Pacific temperature gradient was reduced to <1 degrees C, sugges

281 Consequently, the summer land-ocean temperature gradient was smaller, and the summer monsoon

282 usional motion of particles in response to a temperature gradient, we developed a continuous, sensiti

283 Here, using a temperature gradient, we observe experimentally a positi

284 2 degrees C implies a relaxation of tropical temperature gradients, weakened Hadley and Walker circul

285 the photoacids and the Ru(II) dyes, suggest temperature gradients were not likely the cause of the o

286 In a first experimental setup, solvent and temperature gradients were used simultaneously and compl

287 ools on a coastal salt marsh using a natural temperature gradient where killifish fed on natural food

288 by thermal fluctuations in the presence of a temperature gradient, whereas in thermal equilibrium it

289 well, albeit nonlinearly along a mean annual temperature gradient; whereas there was a considerable s

290 examples have been performed using a linear temperature gradient which has limitations in improving

291 a contact tip induced parasitic out-of-plane temperature gradient, which depends on material, diamete

292 This generates intra-tree temperature gradients, which can affect carbon metabolis

293 over the oceans to regional interhemispheric temperature gradients, which is opposite to the largely

294 uals showed no positional preference along a temperature gradient while susceptible genotypes exhibit

295 cally forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reduction

296 We found that in shallow temperature gradients with narrow temperature ranges, E.

297 A temperature gradient within the flight muscle leads to l

298 ic potential applied to the device induces a temperature gradient within the microchannel due to the

299 currents that would be generated due to the temperature gradient would give rise to STT that is a th

300 understanding how local abundance relates to temperature gradients, yet many factors influence local