ライフサイエンスコーパス: terminate

1 e and grew in cell number when treatment was terminated.

2 the attachment surface was instead carboxyl-terminated.

3 bloody diarrhea and the experiment had to be terminated.

4 g-term memory, and consider how searches are terminated.

5 he exposure to the stressful environment was terminated.

6 n, and most such transcripts are prematurely terminated.

7 hat forms spontaneously in air and then self-terminates.

8 in a local brain area and propagates before terminating.

9 es, suggesting their ability to initiate and terminate a C(sp(3))-H halogenation sequence by sequenti

10 of ABI1/ABI2 by ABA-bound PYR1/PYL4, thereby terminating ABA signaling.

11 In each patient, ablation terminated AF.

12 d efficient covalent immobilization of amino terminated affinity aptamers.

13 The study was terminated after 1624 of 2850 participants were recruite

14 The trials were terminated after 96 weeks because of lack of efficacy, s

15 Results: The study was terminated after a planned analysis of the first 10 pati

16 , it remains unclear how this association is terminated after replication initiation is finished.

17 The study was terminated after withdrawal of the device's European Con

18 via a TEMPO-substituted initiator and chain-terminating agent, respectively, with an in situ catalys

19 nectin (FN) on CH(3)-, OH-, COOH-, and NH(2)-terminated alkane-thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)

20 vation of extended high-mannose glycans with terminating alpha-1,2-mannose residues.

21 be studies of the living CDSA of phosphonium-terminated amphiphilic poly(3-hexylthiophene)s to prepar

22 e threshold, at which recurrent computations terminate and a decision is made, enables flexible tradi

23 hly 20% probability that duplex opening will terminate and the as-yet-unopened dsDNA portion will bin

24 y depletion of FtsA or FtsW, polar growth is terminated and ectopic growth poles emerge from mid-cell

25 In this prematurely terminated and thus underpowered randomized trial, early

26 rom the chromosomal region where replication terminates and associates with proteins known to act in

27 idehydro-CTP, which functions as novel chain-terminating antiviral nucleotide when misincorporated by

28 tions together with its Rac1-GAP activity to terminate arborization.

29 s from 1992-2019 across a ~10,600 km(2) land-terminating area of southwest Greenland.

30 )/Pt(111) consists of FeO and Fe(3)O(4)(111) terminated areas, and we show that the method can differ

31 plexuses that wrap Purkinje cell somata and terminate as pinceaux at the initial segment of axons.

32 Neuronal axons terminate as synaptic boutons that form stable yet plast

33 h a series of oligophenylene molecular wires terminated asymmetrically with iodine and thiomethyl to

34 ), propagate into the grain, and they either terminate at opposing GBs (isolated-twins) or transmit i

35 te from a projected quadratic Weyl point and terminate at two projected conventional Weyl points.

36 3v4 CONFIDENSE system in guiding ablation to terminate AT with the first lesion set and with reduced

37 The tip approach to the step edge can be terminated at <20 nm prior to the tip-substrate contact

38 rs (interdigitation zone and ellipsoid zone) terminated at a variable distance before the retinal pig

39 ngs templated about organic threads that are terminated at one end with pyridyl groups.

40 lysogeny, the late transcript is prematurely terminated at t(R') immediately downstream of P(R'), gen

41 The study was terminated at the first preplanned interim analysis by t

42 where the second-order phase transition line terminates at a tricritical point followed by 2 first-or

43 asma membrane, converges with autophagy, and terminates at the lysosome.

44 the artery, (4) the site at which the artery terminates at, and (5) the distance of the artery from t

45 ing both proposed pathways, with one pathway terminating at segment 215-217 in the activation domain

46 the activation domain and the other pathway terminating at the N terminus insertion site.

47 s originating at inhibitor binding sites and terminating at the RGS/Galpha protein-protein interface.

48 The effectiveness of these differently terminated bD needles in killing the Gram-negative bacte

49 The study was terminated because three patients developed delayed woun

50 Further, we present evidence that growth terminates because of the loss of two distinct modes of

51 ls is punctuated by a flurry of puffs, which terminate before the peak by a mechanism involving parti

52 nt and animal studies in which expiration is terminated before derecruitment of lung units has enough

53 membrane, which suggests that translation is terminated before they are recognized by the Sec61 trans

54 cay hypothesis that SR Ca(2+) release events terminate below a threshold Ca(2+) flux.

55 tures of a natural telomere sequence, do not terminate BIR at a significant frequency in wild-type ce

56 d chain made of a propyl hydrogenated spacer terminated by a perfluorinated core of various lengths.

57 Long-lasting VF may be modified or even terminated by ablation.

58 ction rises when both silicon and silver are terminated by air.

59 ignificant loss of fidelity, when silicon is terminated by air; however, no transmission occurs when

60 We show that chemically inert AFM tips terminated by an oxygen adatom provide excellent resolut

61 otic ring opening-ring contraction sequences terminated by atomic hydrogen elimination.

62 ho C-H activation and the catalytic cycle is terminated by C-2 protonation.

63 lthough all identified protein fragments are terminated by diglycine or glycylalanine, the preceding

64 r a readout mechanism, and it can be readily terminated by executive input.

65 gical and physiological processes, which are terminated by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH).

66 ing in the edge state of a bilayer, which is terminated by ferromagnetic iron clusters that break TRS

67 ully glycosylated and carries rare N-glycans terminated by GalNAcbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-R (LacdiNAc) exte

68 the cathodic membrane side and subsequently terminated by H(2)O(2) oxidation on the anodic membrane

69 G-protein-mediated signalling is terminated by phosphorylation of the C terminus of the r

70 release, dopamine (DA) signaling is rapidly terminated by presynaptic reuptake, mediated by the coca

71 apped by an N-nucleophile and the cascade is terminated by radical C-C bond formation.

72 se to a substantially higher extent than RNA terminated by Remdesivir, another drug being used as a C

73 ever, no transmission occurs when silicon is terminated by silver.

74 view that regular Fe(3)O(4)(111)/Pt(111) is terminated by the so-called Fe(tet1) termination, that t

75 The formation of planar armchair GNRs terminated by well-defined zigzag ends is confirmed by s

76 nd messenger c-di-AMP, but the mechanism for terminating c-di-AMP signaling and the proteins that bin

77 calable approach to monolayer formation on H-terminated carbon surfaces and provide mechanistic insig

78 With minimal notice, experiments were terminated, cell lines were frozen, mouse colonies were

79 m, such that incorporated nucleoside analogs terminate chain elongation if the resulting primer stran

80 At 1 mo after terminating chemoradiotherapy (CRT), no differences were

81 Diverticula that terminate close to the ears improve hearing.

82 When replication terminates, CMG is ubiquitylated on its Mcm7 subunit and

83 for synaptic plasticity, but mechanisms that terminate D-serine signaling are unclear.

84 eveal that the methyltransferase MET-2 helps terminate developmental plasticity, through mono- and di

85 xing Zn(2)(bpdc)(2)(bpee) with dimethylvinyl-terminated dimethylsiloxane and dimethylhydrogen siloxan

86 nzyme and as ternary complex with 3'-dideoxy-terminated DNA primer-template and dNTP.

87 d breaks by homologous recombination, the 5'-terminated DNA strands must first be resected to produce

88 strand break by homologous recombination, 5'-terminated DNA strands must first be resected to reveal

89 cellular RAS at low picomolar concentrations terminating downstream signaling in receptor-bearing cel

90 Out of 188 test drives, 16 (8.5%) were terminated due to safety concerns.

91 hlighted when a phase III clinical trial was terminated due to severe adverse events resulting from p

92 CASPR2-IgG, 3) over 34 months, the study was terminated due to slow enrollment.

93 The trial was terminated during recruitment because results from an in

94 It terminated during summer probably because increased melt

95 found that the Camui response is delayed or terminates earlier than the FRESCA response.

96 th a goal of 400 participants; the trial was terminated early (March 2019) due to futility, and follo

97 The study was terminated early (median treatment duration 157 days [ra

98 The trial was terminated early after 131 patients had been randomly as

99 The trial was terminated early after 596 critically ill patients with

100 The trial was terminated early and was therefore underpowered to reach

101 The haematological malignancy arm was terminated early because of evidence of futility at a pl

102 pre-planned interim analysis, the trial was terminated early due to an unexpectedly low exacerbation

103 SPRINT was terminated early due to benefit observed in the primary

104 criteria for interim analyses, the study was terminated early for futility.

105 The study was terminated early for futility.

106 ercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), was terminated early for lower than expected event rates.

107 drive inflammation by promoting rather than terminating effector T cell responses.

108 transgenes also induced robust silencing yet terminated efficiently.

109 e milliliter volume sample is mixed with the terminating electrolyte and migrates through the gel tow

110 lectrolyte system comprising a leading and a terminating electrolyte to concentrate samples containin

111 e with an inhibitor of TRIAD1-substrate RTKs terminated emergency granulopoiesis, delayed leukemogene

112 further retrieves Flower to bulk endosomes, terminating endocytosis.

113 ron acceptor to react with different surface-terminating ends on perovskite films.

114 dimensional crystal structures of the signal-terminating enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) fro

115 c (AFM) exchange interactions for Eu- and S- terminated EuS surface sites.

116 ure that lytic activation is not prematurely terminated, expression of the virally encoded lytic swit

117 , in which the 2DEG is only observed for BaO-terminated films.

118 e flow maxima in June 2018 and May 2019, and terminated following a GLOF on 22-23 June 2019.

119 The trial was terminated for futility after 1454 patients had been enr

120 hout features of rejection (experiments were terminated for infectious complications).

121 and antioxidant drug conjugated to hydroxyl terminated generation-4 PAMAM dendrimer (D-Sino) as a po

122 ce sheet model of Thwaites Glacier, a marine-terminating glacier in West Antarctica that is thought t

123 ier population (~10%), the recession of lake-terminating glaciers accounted for up to 32% of mass los

124 e long, narrow fjords that front many marine-terminating glaciers and can reduce calving by buttressi

125 We also observed that galactose-alpha terminated glycans are almost exclusively recognized by

126 gatively polarized probe at a hydrophilic OH-terminated gold surface.

127 he ratio of incorporated acid components and terminating groups, results were compared and linear cor

128 Ratios of carboxylic and hydroxylic terminating groups, which are conventionally still measu

129 This active site can control the radical terminating hydrogen atom transfer, enabling the synthes

130 Slip of marine-terminating ice streams over beds of deformable till is

131 These kinases terminate IL-17 signaling by phosphorylating the adaptor

132 meres cap the ends of linear chromosomes and terminate in a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) overhang reco

133 ferent motor and somatosensory subcomponents terminate in different regions of the spinal gray matter

134 with dense monolayers of polymer chains that terminate in supramolecular recognition groups capable o

135 ly, vagal neurons projecting to the pancreas terminate in the commissural nucleus of the solitary tra

136 While basal forebrain afferents terminate in the infragranular layers of V1, acetylcholi

137 y projection neurons ascend to the brain and terminate in the mushroom body calyx on a set of seconda

138 AF terminated in a majority of patients, with a high freedo

139 ta1-](n) extensions, which are predominantly terminated in alpha2,3-linked sialic acid.

140 to either cutinase or SnapTag, with a linker terminated in an irreversible inhibitor for each enzyme.

141 ve photoreceptor neurons of the compound eye terminated in lamina layers LA1 and LA2, adjacent to PDF

142 on, in which early lytic gene expression was terminated in late protein-expressing cells.

143 sensitive compound eye photoreceptor neurons terminated in medulla layer ME2 without direct contact t

144 ), initiating signaling that is subsequently terminated in part by internalization and lysosomal degr

145 al domain of the dLGN, and ipsilateral axons terminated in partially fragmented patches, forming a mo

146 mes were soluble, although numerous pathways terminated in the TM (notably those involved in peptidog

147 This projection terminates in Layers III and II.

148 and to large debris-covered ablation tongues terminating in lakes.

149 )-glycans, which also consists of linear PL, terminating in mainly alpha2,3-linked sialic acid.

150 e unbranched axon concept, with 94% of axons terminating in single glomeruli.

151 itter release and activation of nerve fibers terminating in the brainstem respiratory center.

152 Efferent vagus nerve fibers terminating in the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglia fo

153 he AMMC via the saddle and forms collaterals terminating in the posterior slope (PS) (T6I), the ventr

154 acidemia to activate afferent sensory fibers terminating in the respiratory and autonomic brainstem c

155 ), regulate secretion from CGCs and actively terminate inflammation.

156 One mechanism that terminates inflammatory signaling is the production of a

157 junction (NEJ) is likely to be necessary for terminating inhibitory neurotransmission and may also pr

158 embers of the central respiratory network to terminate inspiration.

159 tionally specialized parallel pathways which terminate into distinct stripes of area V2.

160 ivation is the process by which ion channels terminate ion flux through their pores while the opening

161 the bacterial chromosome, where replication terminates, is the last to be segregated before cell div

162 st that Nep1 targets Amnesiac degradation to terminate its signaling function.

163 is transcribed from the same DNA strand and terminates just upstream of CPT1B.

164 establish memory during training and acutely terminate learned search behavior in a subsequent recall

165 on, we document two methods that can rapidly terminate (<3 h) a pre-existing CRS-like toxicity and tw

166 ice motion across the ablation zone of land terminating margins of the Greenland Ice Sheet over mult

167 equentially: signaling launches dispersal by terminating matrix production and triggering matrix dige

168 lts suggest that charge transport in oxazole-terminated molecules is determined by the heteroatom sub

169 self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of carboxyl-terminated monoterpenoids (O(2) C(C(9) HX)) and alkanoat

170 The CA1 and subicular projections terminate most densely in Layers V and VI of the entorhi

171 This projection terminates most densely in Layer III with sparser termin

172 favorable binding of hydrogen on the oxygen terminated MXene surface that is strongly influenced by

173 re to upregulate IkappaBa, the molecule that terminates NF-kappaB-mediated inflammatory responses.

174 sing curves indicates the particles are CsBr terminated (not PbBr(2) terminated) with alkylammonium l

175 Chain-terminating nucleoside analogs (CTNAs), which cannot be

176 A 3' end blocking lesions generated by chain-terminating nucleosides and alkylating agents, and base

177 triphosphatase (ATPase) rho on a pathway to terminating NusA/NusG-modified elongation complexes.

178 re of the central nervous system, where they terminate on a particularly large number (about 460) of

179 uration 14.1+/-4.3 months) of which 3 had AF terminated on pulmonary vein isolation, leaving 27 patie

180 used for 30 yr to explain how transcription terminates on protein-coding genes.

181 xo-axonic synapses, which consist of an axon terminating on another axon or axon terminal.

182 reflect a general principle of how search is terminated once it is successful.

183 The rupture of the mainshock terminated only a few kilometers from the major regional

184 titis, and hidradenitis have been suspended, terminated, or otherwise disrupted.

185 ests that multiple signals are integrated to terminate organelle inheritance.

186 The uncertain response of marine terminating outlet glaciers to climate change at time sc

187 h in terms of substrate scope as well as the terminating oxygen nucleophile.

188 AF terminated than those in whom AF did not terminate (P<0.01).

189 upon annealing to 500 K on the chiral Pd(3) -terminated PdGa{111} surfaces into essentially enantiopu

190 ts the reaction of 9-EP on the chiral Pd(1) -terminated PdGa{111} surfaces, where 9-EP monomers that

191 hylene glycol-based scaffolds and a cysteine-terminated peptide crosslinker (CGPQG IWGQC) via a Micha

192 ed (95.7%) in the 2 maps, and their ablation terminated PersAF in 92.3% of procedures (radiofrequency

193 , ablation of leading-driver regions usually terminates PersAF and prevents its sustainability.

194 re well characterized, the steps involved in terminating PG glycan polymerization remain poorly under

195 quantum interference (QI) effects in oxazole-terminated phenylene molecular junctions, including dest

196 We found that use of carboxyl-terminated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) allowed

197 ions and in the negative mode, sulfonic acid-terminated polymer chains can be more sensitively detect

198 show that mechanochemically generated thiol-terminated polymers undergo a Michael-type addition to D

199 is then converted into alpha,omega-hydroxyl-terminated polypropylene and used as a macroinitiator fo

200 These MOFs can be tethered to amine-terminated polypropylene polymers (Jeffamines) through a

201 strong electrostatic interactions with amine-terminated polystyrene dissolved in toluene at the water

202 SPSs formed between H(4) TPPS(2-) and amine-terminated polystyrene.

203 ble cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy terminating potentially lethal tachyarrhythmias, with no

204 tating consequences, such as recommending to terminate pregnancy.

205 The study was terminated prematurely and the decision to discontinue t

206 The trial was terminated prematurely because of slower-than-expected r

207 The study was terminated prematurely before enrolling the target numbe

208 The trial was terminated prematurely by the data and safety monitoring

209 This arm was terminated prematurely, and subsequent patients received

210 tends into adulthood when E93 is reduced and terminates prematurely when E93 is overexpressed.

211 Here, we report that 3'-amino terminated primers are, in fact, slowly extended by the

212 When the ABA signal terminates, protein phosphatases ABI1/2 promote rapid de

213 may underlie the inefficacy of ranolazine to terminate PsAF.

214 bly identifies individual genes that fail to terminate (readthrough genes), are aberrantly transcribe

215 ere sequence (ITS), the machinery frequently terminates, resulting in the formation of an ectopic tel

216 extended pilus for adhesion, and a cork for terminating retraction to maintain a priming complex for

217 rapping the release factor associated with a terminating ribosome.

218 al interaction between the NMD machinery and terminating ribosomes based on 3' RNA decay fragments th

219 how, in the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, terminating rice innate immunity requires a dynamic netw

220 uggest that primer extension of 3'-phosphate-terminated RNA followed by template-directed copying rep

221 We report here that Sofosbuvir terminated RNA resists removal by the exonuclease to a s

222 Instead, 3'-phosphate-terminated RNA strands can participate in template-direc

223 is would provide an elegant circuit motif to terminate search on its successful completion.SIGNIFICAN

224 ntibodies using a dual strategy: i) an amino-terminated self-assembled monolayer activated by glutara

225 ures by photocapture on a 384-spot diazirine-terminated self-assembled monolayer, and self-assembled

226 redox couple were chemically assembled on H-terminated semiconducting degenerate-doped n-type Si(111

227 The serotonin transporter (SERT) terminates serotonin signaling by rapid presynaptic reup

228 tor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) play a key role in terminating signals initiated by agonist-bound GPCRs.

229 rent sensory information begins at the first terminating sites within the CNS, where central inhibito

230 We show that the Integrator complex, which terminates snRNA transcription, is recruited to piRNA lo

231 optogenetic stimulation of SOM, but not PV, terminated spontaneous spike-wave discharges.

232 We also show that Ca(2+) release events can terminate spontaneously without any reduction in SR [Ca(

233 radiofrequency ablation in both cases and VF terminated spontaneously shortly after ablation in one c

234 t pyroelectric, the (100) surface of TiO(2) -terminated SrTiO(3) is intrinsically pyroelectric at roo

235 uring status epilepticus can be inhibited to terminate status epilepticus.

236 IEM-1460 rapidly terminated status epilepticus in a dose-dependent manner

237 r and negatively regulates its expression to terminate stem cell proliferation.

238 ion decreases locomotor speed and ultimately terminates stepping.

239 d to an accumulation of truncated, phosphate-terminated strands.

240 -) terminated structures over the metal (m-) terminated structures for both homo and heterobilayers,

241 ndicates the preference of chalcogenide (c-) terminated structures over the metal (m-) terminated str

242 ne, heteroarenes, such as iodothiophene, and terminating substrates, such as methyl, ethyl, tert-buty

243 h the SIN pathway to ensure that cytokinesis terminates successfully.

244 The Bi(2) -terminated superlattice exhibits a single Dirac cone wit

245 In contrast, the Bi(2) Se(3) -terminated superlattice is identified as a dual TI prote

246 led in the order O > H ~NH(2) >F, with the F-terminated surface being superhydrophobic.

247 the layered structure, whereby the (001) SrO-terminated surface cleaved in rock-salt layer facilitate

248 ing with the nitro-NHC, we form an amine-NHC terminated surface, which further undergoes amide coupli

249 ability when they are attached to a hydroxyl-terminated surface.

250 In this work, alkene-terminated syndiotactic (st-) and isotactic (it-) PMMA p

251 such as TCR endocytosis, which is thought to terminate TCR signalling.

252 xity showed lower values in those in whom AF terminated than those in whom AF did not terminate (P<0.

253 ction; that is, how these drugs irreversibly terminate the 'individuality' of bacterial cells by remo

254 allows repeated sampling without the need to terminate the culture.

255 ly incorporates mechanisms that initiate and terminate the process and, where understood, these mecha

256 nd its activation during the recall test can terminate the search behavior resulting from either of t

257 sonance and mammography, the age at which to terminate the two techniques, or how to follow up after

258 delayed the subsequent atrial electrogram or terminated the tachycardia (n=3), and by observing an in

259 J shifts from PlexinD1 to VEGFR2, which then terminates the VEGFR2 signals.

260 strongly supports a role for this enzyme in terminating the colibactin NRPS-PKS assembly line and in

261 hemical shift that is attributed to Cs atoms terminating the surface of the particle and which are li

262 cludes the time when MB neuroblasts normally terminate their divisions.

263 parian strip, trapping pathogens and thereby terminating their growth.

264 noncontact atomic-force microscopy with a CO-terminated tip (used previously to image interfacial wat

265 (5 K) atomic force microscopy (AFM) with CO-terminated tips assisted by density functional theory (D

266 ing represents a negative feedback loop that terminates TLR signaling and prevents chronic inflammati

267 strongly suggests the nonexistence of the m-terminated TMDs bilayer products.

268 infection, this response must ultimately be terminated to prevent chronic inflammation.

269 We show that Rho can prematurely terminate transcription of bacterial CRISPR arrays, and

270 le gapmers efficiently knock down as well as terminate transcription of nascent lncRNAs and mRNAs, Le

271 ation at the end of operons, but it can also terminate transcription within leader regions, performin

272 ic regions necessitates robust mechanisms to terminate transcription.

273 known biological function is the Factor that terminates transcription in Archaea (FttA).

274 ications, inversions and translocations, and terminating transcription prior to the mutation-containi

275 eby Paf1 loss leads to aberrant, prematurely terminated transcripts and diminution of full-length tra

276 as the second primarily produces prematurely terminated transcripts.

277 doped (semi-conducting) diamond and hydrogen-terminated undoped diamond electrodes.

278 checkpoint to limit clonal expansion and to terminate unrestrained responses.

279 ranscription termination factor that rapidly terminates untranslated RNA.

280 Oligomerization is terminated upon upregulation of shorter Zasp isoforms wh

281 collagen-reactive monomer (CRM), isocyanate-terminated urethane methacrylate precursor, which has co

282 (21%) experienced appropriate interventions terminating ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrilla

283 Ablation lesions that terminated VTs were localized in areas of slow conductio

284 seismic events larger than M(w)3 even after terminating well operations.

285 Their actions are terminated when they are catabolized into inactive fragm

286 igher-level SCPs involved and imbalances can terminate whole cell responses such as neurite outgrowth

287 a unique series of structural changes which terminate with an opening of the complex into two separa

288 Verified NRPSs of other fungal DKPs terminate with similar CT domain couplets, suggesting a

289 a sialylated complex-type biantennary glycan terminated with 3F(ax)-Neu5Ac in the alpha-2,6-linkage (

290 ries of flexible tetraethylene glycol groups terminated with a carboxylic acid functionality were int

291 AF terminated with ablation in 35 patients (55%) overall an

292 zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) derivative terminated with an Ipa anchor group (ZnTPP-P-Ipa).

293 Here we report molecular films terminated with diazonium salts moieties at both ends wh

294 The diamond needles were then chemically terminated with H, O, NH(2) or F using plasma treatment,

295 tice, and Ti (n) (+1)C (n) (n = 1, 2) MXenes terminated with telluride (Te(2-)) ligands show a giant

296 linear DNA molecules is increased if the DNA terminates with complex structures including forked ssDN

297 he substrate geranyl geranyl diphosphate and terminating with the carbocation precursor to the final

298 e particles are CsBr terminated (not PbBr(2) terminated) with alkylammonium ligands substituting into

299 acini, the rich network of cholinergic axons terminate within the basolateral infoldings of the lamel

300 tergic projections from the ACC or vHPC that terminate within the BLA at recent (1 d) or remote (28 d