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1 ifferent postsynaptic cells at each synapse (tetrad).
2 ns (i.e. hilate monads, dyads, and permanent tetrads).
3 ating populations derived from gametes (half-tetrads).
4 localization and shuttling through the His37 tetrad.
5 repair than did adducts located in the inner tetrad.
6 e first crystal structure observation of a C-tetrad.
7 ing to identify spores derived from the same tetrad.
8 ates of the pH sensor located at the His(37) tetrad.
9 BMVC-base plane stacking over the external G-tetrad.
10 ed by two or three charged His residues in a tetrad.
11 from different protonation states of the H37 tetrad.
12 nal Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds to complete a G-tetrad.
13 de-chain conformational change of the His-37 tetrad.
14 bserved in the minor groove side of the base tetrad.
15 ted interaction (N3(G) and N3(U)) with the G tetrad.
16 e adenine stacking very well with the bottom tetrad.
17 ics of charge migration along the tryptophan tetrad.
18 rom about 3 ns in each dyad to 850 ns in the tetrad.
19 how a mimic of the Z-scheme with a molecular tetrad.
20 m two nonplanar minor-groove-aligned G.C.G.C tetrads.
21 distances, MLH1 foci, and fluorescent pollen tetrads.
22 prophase I progression to the first labeled tetrads.
23 igher order structures by the formation of G tetrads.
24 on of L1 and L2 postsynaptic elements at all tetrads.
25 rather than intercalated between adjacent G-tetrads.
26 g more stable with the addition of further G-tetrads.
27 intramolecular structure containing three G-tetrads.
28 king of adenine residues from the terminal G-tetrads.
29 main fused and pollen grains are released as tetrads.
30 time further promoted formation of stable G-tetrads.
31 lls, no callose wall separated the resulting tetrads.
32 ultistranded structure stabilized by guanine tetrads.
33 to isolate a complete series of six meiotic tetrads.
34 junctional DHPRs into groups of four termed tetrads.
35 of fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis pollen tetrads.
36 ures having G-C base pairs in place of the G-tetrads.
37 rnative structures observed contain only two tetrads.
38 ed presynaptic densities, mostly arranged as tetrads.
39 ly stabilized by G*C*G*C-tetrads and C*C*C*C-tetrads.
40 condary structures forming stacks of guanine tetrads.
42 n-reversal and V-shaped loops, triads, mixed tetrads, adenine-mediated pentads and hexads and snap-ba
44 G.G.G) pentad sandwiched between two G.G.G.G tetrads, all G-stretches are parallel, and all guanines
46 tacts between the divalent cations and the C-tetrad, allowing Ba(2+) ions to occupy adjacent steps in
47 resequenced the four products of 13 meiotic tetrads along with 10 doubled haploids derived from Arab
48 ll to incorporate into the same postsynaptic tetrad, altering the specificity of photoreceptor transm
52 (or more) observable events were defined by tetrad analysis and compared with those predicted by dif
61 g-based image recognition package for pollen tetrad analysis that enables high-throughput measurement
62 eiotic recombination, representing the first tetrad analysis with whole-genome sequencing in a nonfun
69 otonation states of the proton-gating His-37 tetrad and their effects on proton transport for this lo
70 n oleosin-like protein (oleolike) in zygotes-tetrads and a transcript encoding oleosin in vegetative
71 by varying the sequence and the number of G-tetrads and by using small, G4-stabilizing molecules.
74 own, dramatically enhanced the formation of tetrads and EC coupling rescue by constructs that otherw
76 ue the resolution, but not the formation, of tetrads and rosettes in Fgfr2 mutant limb-bud ectoderm.
77 gulates both the formation and resolution of tetrads and rosettes in the mouse embryo, possibly in pa
80 o discuss the roles of amino group in purine tetrads and the inter-quadruplex interactions in RNA mol
81 The interaction between the minor groove tetrads and the nearby C:C(+) base pairs affords a stron
82 d quadruplex conformation with three guanine tetrads and three side loops, including two single-nucle
84 ide covers a terminal guanine base tetrad (G-tetrad), and clamps the G-quadruplex using three-anchor-
85 wiched between a G-tetrad surface and a TATA tetrad, and held in the site by networks of water molecu
86 to the duplex-quadruplex junction, the mixed tetrad, and the duplex region of the RNA through shape c
88 gh self-recognition of guanines into stacked tetrads, and considerable biophysical and structural evi
89 DHPR triad expression, assembly of DHPRs in tetrads, and elicitation of DHPRalpha1S charge movement-
90 The two subunits are stacked at their 5'-end tetrads, and multiple stacking rotamers may be present d
91 internal G4 unit predominantly coexist in 2-tetrad antiparallel basket and hybrid-2 structures that
92 physiological conditions and identify the 2-tetrad antiparallel basket and hybrid-2 topologies as th
96 lta mutant can be constructed by mating when tetrads are dissected on plates with a nonfermentable ca
97 RyR1 residues 1-1681 restored wild-type DHPR tetrad arrays and, in part, skeletal-type excitation-con
98 DHPRs) and for the organization of DHPR into tetrad arrays by expressing RyR1-RyR3 chimerae in dysped
99 s targeting the K61-D146-K180-E216 enzymatic tetrad as well as residues lining the RNA binding groove
100 data reveals that CB2Rs are involved in the tetrad assay induced by cannabinoids which had been asso
103 hydrogen-bonding geometries in the histidine tetrad at low pH, thus validating the proton conduction
104 n Na(+) solution but close enough in a two G-tetrad basket-like form 3 conformation that can form in
105 Ru), leading to the energy efficiency of the tetrad being 47% of the sum of the photon threshold ener
106 method, called barcode-enabled sequencing of tetrads (BEST), that uses (i) a meiosis-specific GFP fus
108 ed spectrum of amino protons from a specific tetrad-bound guanine can be extracted from the nuclear O
109 intramolecular G-quadruplex with only two G-tetrads but multiple-layer capping structures formed by
110 iosis-specific GFP fusion protein to isolate tetrads by FACS and (ii) molecular barcodes that are rea
111 NA G-quadruplex structures possessing 2-to-4 tetrads by means of femtosecond and nanosecond transient
112 e constriction at W23 increases with the H19 tetrad charge but is independent of the H27A mutation.
114 that the esterase activity is derived from a tetrad composed of Ser(44), His(273), Glu(194), and Asp(
115 esidues, our results suggest that this two-G-tetrad conformation is likely to be an intermediate form
118 l/antiparallel structure consisting of three tetrads connected by loops of one, seven, and three base
119 Mutagenesis of a K(61)-D(146)-K(182)-E(218) tetrad conserved in other cellular and viral MTases sugg
120 ted toward the pi tautomer and less cationic tetrads, consistent with faster forward deprotonation to
121 kingly, an isolated guanine is involved in G-tetrad core formation, despite the presence of four thre
122 structural details at the two ends of the G-tetrad core in the context of natural sequences and info
123 symmetric dimeric quadruplex, in which the G-tetrad core involves all three G-tracts of one strand an
125 anines participate in the formation of the G-tetrad core, despite the interruption between the first
128 Previously published, and some unpublished, tetrad data from budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae
132 d haploid was crossed with its ancestor, and tetrad dissections were used to isolate a complete serie
135 s are based on the stacking of two or more G-tetrads; each tetrad is a planar association of four gua
136 ualization of inheritance patterns in intact tetrads, eliminating the need for microdissection and pe
142 ion of L-type Ca(2+) currents, and a lack of tetrad formation as evaluated by freeze-fracture analysi
143 hate protecting groups (pro-D ODN) reduces G-tetrad formation in solution, while allowing tetrad form
144 tetrad formation in solution, while allowing tetrad formation inside the cell where the potassium con
146 suggest that the orthograde signal and DHPR tetrad formation require the contributions of numerous R
147 hough incapable of supporting EC coupling or tetrad formation, restored a significant level of Ca(2+)
151 effect (>85% reduction) on the percentage of tetrad-forming cells compared with the wild type strain.
152 horus removal (EBPR), Defluviicoccus-related tetrad-forming organisms (DTFO) were observed to predomi
153 to C(60) is witnessed in the supramolecular tetrad from the femtosecond transient absorption spectra
154 he rate constants for binding to the His(37) tetrad from the two sides of the membrane and the corres
156 The peptide covers a terminal guanine base tetrad (G-tetrad), and clamps the G-quadruplex using thr
157 Even though it is sandwiched by guanine tetrads (G tetrads), the I tetrad is buckled towards the
159 hosphate (dCMP) insertion opposite the first tetrad-guanine by hRev1 is approximately 56% as fast as
160 sic sites replacing loop adenines (A/AP) and tetrad guanines (G/AP) in quadruplexes formed by the hum
161 romote fork progression by either dislodging tetrad guanines to unfold the G4 DNA, which could assist
164 ll chromatids from a single meiosis in yeast tetrads has been indispensable for defining the mechanis
165 need to manually isolate, disrupt and space tetrads has relegated its application to small-scale stu
166 ucture but its basic unit, inosine tetrad (I tetrad), has not been determined at the atomic level.
167 rangement (anti:anti:syn:anti) and the top G-tetrad having the reversed G-arrangement (syn:syn:anti:s
168 ntiparallel G-strands, with the bottom two G-tetrads having the same G-arrangement (anti:anti:syn:ant
169 H:T) G-quadruplex structures by stacking two tetrad:heptad G-quadruplexes formed by two of the three
170 demonstrate that the element is able to form tetrad:heptad:heptad:tetrad (T:H:H:T) G-quadruplex struc
171 t one residue in the conserved AKR catalytic tetrad, His(120) (AKR1D1 numbering), is substituted by a
172 with Mg(2+) coordinated to the conserved CAP tetrad (His208, Glu215, Glu233 and His250) in spacegroup
173 elical structure but its basic unit, inosine tetrad (I tetrad), has not been determined at the atomic
175 hypothesis that mutation of the hydrophobic tetrad ILLV to AAAA leads to the ab initio misfolding an
176 Here we identify a hydrophobic amino acid tetrad (ILLV) close to the C terminus of the secretory N
177 panied by pronounced upfield shifts of the G-tetrad imino proton resonances in the NMR, which is simi
178 e of azaBODIPY and fullerene entities of the tetrad improved the overall light energy conversion effi
180 o isolate the four microspores from a single tetrad in maize for the purpose of whole-genome sequenci
183 erization of all 256 variants of the central tetrad in this structure indicates that certain mutation
184 ystems have been complemented by a molecular tetrad in which pyrene residues replace the fluorine ato
185 earcher was able to isolate over 3,000 yeast tetrads in 3 h, an output equivalent to that of almost 1
186 three loop regions interact with the core G-tetrads in a specific way that defines and stabilizes th
187 The three loops interact with the core G-tetrads in a specific way that defines and stabilizes th
188 L2 were tetrads, revealing the emergence of tetrads in an arthropod group present 200 million years
192 tations can compensate for canonical G-G-G-G tetrads in the context of both GTP-binding and peroxidas
193 oth markers occurred rarely, and many of the tetrads in which both markers converted were the product
194 ns events were originally identified only in tetrads in which the non-Mendelian segregations were not
195 ations and structural variations in the 3' U tetrad, including one that leads to the formation of a h
196 Comparison with both G tetrad and adenine tetrad indicates that lack of NH2 in the C2 position mak
198 distribution of heterozygosity in these half-tetrad individuals allowed the genetic mapping of all 19
200 the ribose-2'-O-methyltransferase catalytic tetrad, interact with S-adenosyl-l-methionine, and contr
203 the stacking of two or more G-tetrads; each tetrad is a planar association of four guanines held tog
204 wiched by guanine tetrads (G tetrads), the I tetrad is buckled towards the 3' side of the tetrad plan
205 k, where the C8 of guanine in the external G-tetrad is covalently linked with the C5 of its adjacent
207 d(G(2)ACGTAGTG(2))(2), with only two core G-tetrads, is less stable and forms a heterogeneous mixtur
208 kit2 promoter strands span a pair of three-G-tetrad-layer-containing all-parallel-stranded G-quadrupl
209 amolecular RG4 structures consisting of five tetrad layers formed by 5'-terminal oligoguanine motifs
210 back parallel-stranded scaffold with three G-tetrad layers, three double-chain-reversal loops, and a
211 lel-stranded G-quadruplex containing three G-tetrad layers, three double-chain-reversal loops, and a
214 ed state (oxidized Bodipy/reduced Ru) in the tetrad lies higher than that in the reference dyads (Bod
215 e telomeric G-quadruplex consists of three G-tetrads linked with mixed parallel-antiparallel G-strand
219 tudies have found that the conserved K-D-K-E tetrad motif in the L protein is related to the methyltr
222 p of dipolar-dephased (15)N signals from the tetrad of His37 side chains have been observed as a func
223 ma should be considered if a patient has the tetrad of pancreatitis, biliary obstruction, gastric out
224 rs (cladologs) and further corroborated on a tetrad of pochonicine stereoisomers, obtaining the corre
225 X-ray structures of MIPs indicate that a tetrad of residues (the ar/R region) form a narrow pore
227 ruple alanine substitutions in the catalytic tetrad of the 2'-O-MTase using a virulent infectious cDN
229 be highly relevant for other homologs with a tetrad of tryptophans and tyrosines as electron donors.
230 matic core designed to stack on the terminal tetrads of a G-quadruplex, these compounds are neither p
231 eneral, adducts located in the top or bottom tetrads of a quadruplex stack exhibited more rapid-phase
232 uble chain reversal loops linking juxtaposed tetrads of a quadruplex stem may facilitate formation of
234 G-quadruplex structure where multiple planar tetrads of hydrogen-bound guanines stack on top of each
235 nded G-quadruplex structure contains three G-tetrads of mixed G-arrangements, which are connected wit
236 red by laser microdissection from 19 matched tetrads of unaffected comparison subjects and subjects w
237 nti.syn.syn.syn and two syn.anti.anti.anti G-tetrads; one double-chain reversal and two edgewise loop
238 w that robust analyses of interactions using tetrads or disease-discordant sibling pairs are equivale
239 rved symmetrically repeating hydrogen-bonded tetrad, or located at the top face of the beta-propeller
240 tetrad is buckled towards the 3' side of the tetrad plane, which results from the different interacti
243 a squeezed balloon effect strengthens the G-tetrad planes, but dislocates and weakens the loops in t
245 and science historians have appealed to the tetrad-pollen model as an explanation of the bias toward
247 duate students over the past 20 years in the Tetrad program at the University of California at San Fr
248 t lack of NH2 in the C2 position makes the I tetrad prone to buckle for interactions with ligands.
249 lope, (15)N NMR spectra show that the His-27 tetrad protonates with higher pKa values than His-19, in
251 ne ring of actinomycin D is stacked on the G-tetrad rather than intercalated between adjacent G-tetra
252 means that animal cryptochromes that have a tetrad (rather than a triad) of tryptophan electron dono
255 C(+) base pairs, flanked by two minor groove tetrads resulting from the association of G:C or G:T bas
257 ust R cell synapses onto both L1 and L2 were tetrads, revealing the emergence of tetrads in an arthro
259 are significantly different, indicating that tetrad sequence plays a role in determining the biochemi
262 te heat stress during the highly susceptible tetrad stage strongly affects basic metabolic pathways a
267 -folded quadruplexes, sandwiched between a G-tetrad surface and a TATA tetrad, and held in the site b
271 ucture of an RNA quadruplex containing "base-tetrad swapping" and bulged nucleotide at 2.1-Angstroms
272 In Drosophila, photoreceptor terminals form tetrad synapses that incorporate an invariable pair of p
273 element is able to form tetrad:heptad:heptad:tetrad (T:H:H:T) G-quadruplex structures by stacking two
274 at this agent exhibits broad activity in the tetrad test for CB1 agonism, causing analgesia, hypomoti
275 H, the mutant channel contains more cationic tetrads than the WT channel, consistent with faster reve
276 88 of AChRalpha is part of an interdependent tetrad that contributes to rearrangement of the C-loop d
277 that catalysis depends on a Lys-Tyr-Asn-Tyr tetrad that emerged adjacent to a computationally design
278 viral 2'-O-MTase harbors a catalytic K-D-K-E tetrad that is conserved among 2'-O-MTases and can targe
279 hough it is sandwiched by guanine tetrads (G tetrads), the I tetrad is buckled towards the 3' side of
280 (ii) Using each basidium as an unordered tetrad, the ADE2 and URA5 genes are linked to their cent
282 sults confirm the stability of the central G-tetrads, the individual quadruplexes, and the resulting
283 completes a universally conserved catalytic tetrad, thereby activating Argonaute for RNA cleavage.
286 yn.syn.syn.anti and two anti.anti.anti.syn G-tetrads, two edgewise loops, three G-tracts oriented in
288 ed for the conducting pKa value of the His37 tetrad, we believe that this inter-helical motion accomp
289 of the fluorescent alleles in 92,489 pollen tetrads, we demonstrate (i) a correlation between develo
293 urther, the supramolecular polyads (triad or tetrad) were utilized to build photoelectrochemical cell
294 free-energy barrier to diffuse to the His37 tetrad, where it is stabilized in a deep minimum reflect
295 are transmitted in only approximately 25% of tetrads, whereas the PS- genomes are faithfully inherite
296 ostatic constraints on opposite sides of the tetrads, which determine their preferred relative orient
297 show that deletion of MSH4 reduces crossover tetrads with 6:2 or normal 4:4 segregation more than it
299 eric G-quadruplex structure contains three G-tetrads with mixed G-arrangements, which are connected c