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1 the nuclei of cysts, but not the vegetative trophozoite.
2 n from the dormant cyst form into the active trophozoite.
3 PHIST/CVC-81(95) is most highly expressed in trophozoites.
4 and attachment mechanisms of Giardia lamblia trophozoites.
5 tially in nonencysting and encysting Giardia trophozoites.
6 ar algae, and preferentially, Perkinsus spp. trophozoites.
7 ith serially diluted cultured E. histolytica trophozoites.
8 nes, and levels of these target proteases in trophozoites.
9 falcipain-2, the hydrolysis of hemoglobin in trophozoites.
10 e of the main host defenses against invading trophozoites.
11 rafts were then infected with E. histolytica trophozoites.
12 VSPs were detected on the surface of single trophozoites.
13 on of plasminogen activators by Acanthamoeba trophozoites.
14 nt did not affect encystment of Acanthamoeba trophozoites.
15 60-kDa enzyme in extracts of E. histolytica trophozoites.
16 n contrast to P. falciparum, does not affect trophozoites.
17 recognition of and response to Acanthamoeba trophozoites.
18 ced the number of acidic compartments in the trophozoites.
19 ntify the pathogenic behavior of the amoebic trophozoites.
20 12-kDa protein localized to the cytoplasm of trophozoites.
22 hamoeba cysts/10 microl and 2.3 Acanthamoeba trophozoites/10 microl by both real-time PCR assays.
23 mine specifically arrested the maturation of trophozoites, a stage at which the parasite synthesizes
27 lower sensitivity to short drug pulses than trophozoites, although we identify a subpopulation of ri
28 ble number approach were used to compare the trophozoite and cysticidal efficacy of four multipurpose
29 s further indicate that FCP is essential for trophozoite and FV maturation and that it traffics to th
32 son, the H3-K9 acetylation increased in late trophozoite and schizont stages, while H4-K16 acetylatio
37 imals bound to the surface of E. histolytica trophozoites and accelerated amebic lysis via activation
38 efficacies against Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts by using a most probable number (
39 excystment, proliferation, and encystment of trophozoites and cysts of A. castellanii was examined in
41 ibitor management strategy effective against trophozoites and cysts that may be useful for formulatin
42 ther show that exposure of M. bovis-infected trophozoites and cysts to Balb/c mice leads to pulmonary
43 termining the susceptibility of Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts to contact lens care systems has
44 dings indicate that exposure of Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts to dexamethasone increases the pa
46 (ii) by determining their ability to detect trophozoites and cysts, and (iii) by testing a battery o
47 bin-hydrolyzing activity is maximum in early trophozoites and declines rapidly at late stages, wherea
48 e the key adherence lectin on E. histolytica trophozoites and decrease their adherence to epithelial
50 revealed that both kinases were expressed in trophozoites and encysting cells as 44- and 41-kDa polyp
52 ring the parasite growth from rings to early trophozoites and from late trophozoites to schizonts and
53 arasite life cycle (sporozoites, merozoites, trophozoites and gametocytes) by multidimensional protei
54 PN technique, which uses axenically produced trophozoites and mature, double-walled cysts, has the po
55 Here we overexpressed this enzyme in Giardia trophozoites and observed a significantly enhanced susce
59 ciated with the disappearance of intraocular trophozoites and suggests that cells of the innate immun
60 We show that most parasite mRNAs derive from trophozoites and that the asynchronicity of P. vivax inf
61 differentiate various malaria stages (ring, trophozoite, and schizont stage) due to their varied def
62 patic inoculation with Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites, and 12 h after amebic inoculation, reduced
63 its life cycle inside erythrocytes as rings, trophozoites, and schizonts, before egress and reinvasio
64 a cocultures grew better than nonconditioned trophozoites, and the cell lines differed in their abili
65 /perinuclear targeting of bodipy-ceramide in trophozoites, and this could be reversed by 3-ketosphing
66 BCH070 preferentially kills early ring-form trophozoites, and, importantly, equally inhibits ring-st
67 (PyMIF) were used to localize expression in trophozoite- and schizont-stage parasites and demonstrat
70 phoresis demonstrates that within 24 h after trophozoites are induced to encyst, the level of glucosa
71 tracellular cysteine proteinases from amebic trophozoites are key virulence factors and have a number
74 re capable of detecting as few as 100 viable trophozoites as determined by ethidium bromide staining,
78 on by host secretions reduces proclivity for trophozoite attachment, while inducing virulence factors
79 wall proteins to the plasma membrane of the trophozoite before laying down the protective cyst wall.
80 nthamoeba keratitis begins when Acanthamoeba trophozoites bind specifically to mannosylated glycoprot
81 toxic, its presence increased A. castellanii trophozoites biomass and delayed encystation by 96 h.
82 the maturation of early trophozoites to late trophozoites but not during the development of rings to
83 were introduced into GLV-infected G. lamblia trophozoites by electroporation and stablized in the tra
85 ynthesis of FBPA was demonstrated in Giardia trophozoites by using an antibody-based fluorescence ass
88 fection have begun to illuminate how amoebic trophozoites cause intestinal disease and liver abscess,
92 ced 4- to 10-fold increases in the number of trophozoites compared with untreated control cultures.
95 d was used to determine whether Acanthamoeba trophozoites could penetrate this membrane in vitro.
97 es linked to virulence, are both aberrant in trophozoites deficient in the metallosurface protease Eh
99 ring intra-erythrocytic development, malaria trophozoites digest hemoglobin, which leads to parasite
101 castellanii and reversion of cysts to amoeba trophozoites, dotA and dotB mutants exhibited intracellu
104 monstrated that putrescine induces protozoan trophozoite encystment and adversely affects cyst viabil
105 Exposure of hemocytes to Perkinsus spp. trophozoites enhanced this process further, and their ph
107 synthetic peptide from Plasmodium falciparum trophozoite exported protein 1 (TEX1), the target of hum
108 ending pseudopodia and in phagosomal cups in trophozoites exposed to erythrocytes but did not localiz
112 SCID mice were infected with E. histolytica trophozoites expressing an antisense message to ehcp5.
113 by H2O2 in vitro, and infection with Rahman trophozoites expressing higher levels of peroxiredoxin w
114 sient shrinkage of infected cells with young trophozoites followed by continuous volume increase to a
117 sion were identified between the blood stage trophozoite form of the malarial parasite and the sexual
119 l lines differed in their ability to support trophozoite growth in the order of RIT > Cos7 > Caco2.
123 alciparum cysteine protease falcipain-2 is a trophozoite hemoglobinase and potential antimalarial dru
124 de on presence of target images, clusters or trophozoite images (at least 1 of the 3 features), the p
129 e we tested the virulence of amoebapore A(-) trophozoites in models of the two major forms of amebic
130 useful in confirming the presence of viable trophozoites in respiratory specimens collected by nonin
131 gest there is frequently a failure to detect trophozoites in routine examination, resulting in an und
132 on of ADP could be obtained in permeabilized trophozoites in the presence of succinate, citrate, alph
133 for the specific detection of E. histolytica trophozoites in unfixed frozen clinical stool samples.
135 rypsin treatment than those containing early trophozoites, indicating that parasite proteins expresse
136 onstrate that antibodies against PfGARP kill trophozoite-infected erythrocytes in culture by inducing
139 ence phenotype, and E. histolytica HM-1:IMSS trophozoites infecting human intestinal xenografts show
141 inside the infected host cell, we find that trophozoites (intermediate-stage iRBCs) tend to flip due
144 and engulfing red blood cells, E histolytica trophozoites invade the intestinal mucosa, causing amoeb
146 testinal epithelial colonization of invasive trophozoites involves a complex interplay in which the u
147 ing, while no signal was obtained from 10(6) trophozoites killed by heat, desiccation, or UV radiatio
150 racecal inoculation of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites led to established infection in 60% of C3H
153 roteins expressed on the IRBC surface during trophozoite maturation partially mask accessibility of a
158 transition from free swimming to attachment, trophozoites modified their swimming behavior from a rap
159 oxiredoxin in Rahman rendered the transgenic trophozoites more resistant to killing by H2O2 in vitro,
160 ese data suggest an important role of PKA in trophozoite motility during vegetative growth and the ce
164 Despite strong CvGal1 binding to P. marinus trophozoites, no binding of ABH blood group antibodies w
165 intimate contact with cells, suggesting that trophozoites obtain an essential nutrient or growth fact
167 ved macrophages were either coincubated with trophozoites of a clinical isolate of Acanthamoeba (geno
169 um from the 2004-2006 keratitis outbreak and trophozoites of Acanthamoeba castellanii were inoculated
170 In vitro real-time imaging demonstrated that trophozoites of both strains often established evanescen
171 row-derived macrophages were cocultured with trophozoites of either the laboratory Neff strain or a c
173 ucing ability, and MBP expression pattern of trophozoites of four different isolates of Acanthamoeba
175 ia swim, we used video microscopy to observe trophozoites of Giardia intestinalis, which were labeled
177 and the mitochondrial membrane potential of trophozoites of the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei
180 site numbers (n = 7) or specimens containing trophozoites only (n = 3); one specimen with a false-neg
183 on the development of either rings to early trophozoites or late trophozoites to schizonts and meroz
184 not during the development of rings to early trophozoites or late trophozoites to schizonts and meroz
185 colitis, we demonstrate that E. histolytica trophozoites or their released proteinases, including cy
186 of IL-10; furthermore, challenge with either trophozoites or their soluble metabolites stimulate both
187 surface proteins and by flow cytometry using trophozoites overexpressing epitope-tagged calreticulin.
188 indirect immunofluorescence assay with whole trophozoites (P < 0.01) and Western blot analysis confir
189 otocol was capable of detecting as few as 20 trophozoites per PCR on fecal DNA isolated using a comme
190 A isolated using a commercial method or 1.25 trophozoites per PCR on fecal DNA isolated using a G. la
193 at kill asexual blood-stage parasites at the trophozoite phase, and the most promising compound 24 al
194 evealed the existence of distinct, nonclonal trophozoite populations with high and low EhMSP-1 surfac
200 eding, the healthy oysters ingest P. marinus trophozoites released to the water column by the infecte
204 Overexpression of EhEBP1 in E. histolytica trophozoites resulted in a 7-fold drop in promoter activ
207 subcellular localization of ERK1 and ERK2 in trophozoites showed ERK1 staining mostly in the median b
208 ggest the presence of an H(+) conductance in trophozoites similar to that produced by a mitochondrial
210 Babesia can also be confused with the early trophozoite stage (ring forms) of Plasmodium parasites.
211 rotease that cleaves hemoglobin at the early trophozoite stage and erythrocyte membrane ankyrin and p
212 tide increases dramatically during the early trophozoite stage and reaches its maximal level in the l
213 ashion, with high levels detected during the trophozoite stage at the peak of parasite membrane bioge
215 e as the organelle forms upon entry into the trophozoite stage of development and that this persists
216 rmation and swelling of the IRBCs during the trophozoite stage of P. falciparum that is followed by s
217 es are transcribed simultaneously during the trophozoite stage of the IDC and that only a small subse
218 alarial drug dihydroartemisinin (DHA) at the trophozoite stage resulted in a ~ fourfold increase in s
219 parum-infected red blood cells (RBCs) in the trophozoite stage were simultaneously loaded with the Ca
220 ript pattern was unique, peaking at mid-late trophozoite stage, but absent in late-stage schizonts.
221 e growth of the parasite specifically at the trophozoite stage, preventing further development to sch
222 ycle, at the highly transcriptionally active trophozoite stage, the genome adopts a more open chromat
223 obin in the acidic food vacuole at the early trophozoite stage, whereas it cleaves specific component
232 he Pfmc-2tm genes are transcribed during the trophozoite stage; this narrow time frame of transcripti
233 parasites were more barrier disruptive than trophozoite-stage P. falciparum-IE and prolonged thrombi
238 nst HEK293 cells and inhibited both ring and trophozoite stages of the malaria parasite life cycle.
239 core histone gene expression during the late trophozoite stages, consistent with their role in replic
243 nant var gene occurs in the later (pigmented trophozoite) stages, whereas Northern blot data indicate
244 bition of FBPA gene transcription in Giardia trophozoites suggested that the enzyme is necessary for
245 abscesses consisting of a few E histolytica trophozoites surrounding dead and dying hepatocytes and
249 of amebic liver abscess, but E. histolytica trophozoites that do not express amoebapore-A can still
251 nal morphologic features of the 2 strains of trophozoites that received treatment were similar to tho
252 ally expressed in nonencysting and encysting trophozoites, the giardial ceramide glucosyltransferase
253 th dependent efficacy against A. castellanii trophozoites, the latter producing death via permeabiliz
255 ive infection, (b) developmental change from trophozoite to cyst, or (c) invasion and potential death
256 abeling is detected predominantly during the trophozoite to schizont and schizont to ring transitions
258 treatment on the capacity of A. castellanii trophozoites to adhere to and kill corneal epithelial ce
259 lactose-specific adherence of E. histolytica trophozoites to Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro (P,
260 Interestingly, adherence of E. histolytica trophozoites to CHO cells was inhibited by MAbs against
261 was upregulated in phagocytic E. histolytica trophozoites to determine whether these genes actually f
263 s exclusively during the maturation of early trophozoites to late trophozoites but not during the dev
264 inding receptor that facilitates adhesion of trophozoites to mannosylated proteins on corneal epithel
270 n on corneal epithelial cells and stimulates trophozoites to secrete a mannose-induced 133 kDa protea
273 x bead treatment did not affect adherence of trophozoites to the corneal epithelium or protect cornea
276 vered that, during rapid swimming of Giardia trophozoites, undulations of the caudal region contribut
278 revealed that the trailing edge of polarized trophozoites, uroids, are highly enriched in lipid rafts
279 While using this planar swimming motion, the trophozoites used the flagella for propulsion and direct
280 ed transcripts of luciferase gene in Giardia trophozoites via transfection and observed that when the
282 amine binding sites on the surface of amoeba trophozoites was confirmed using radiolabeled catecholam
284 Falcipain-2 was predominantly expressed in trophozoites, was concentrated in food vacuoles, and was
285 of mitochondria of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii trophozoites were assayed in situ after permeabilization
286 ree-dimensional culture system, Acanthamoeba trophozoites were cultured in agar, exposed to an EF, di
292 The organism has two life cycle stages, trophozoites, which are responsible for tissue invasion,
293 model, M. bovis would be taken up by amoebal trophozoites, which are the actively feeding, replicatin
294 -expressed genes were lost in AN3661-treated trophozoites, which was not observed in parasites select
295 evels of Pf MDH transcripts were detected in trophozoites while the Pf MDH protein level remained hig
297 t of a synchronized culture of P. falciparum trophozoites with gossypol caused induction in expressio
299 ur finding that co-culture of E. histolytica trophozoites with mucin-producing T84 cells increased eh
300 inhibitors blocked hemoglobin hydrolysis in trophozoites, with a subsequent block in rupture of eryt