ライフサイエンスコーパス: tropic

1 138 y compared to 322 +/- 201 y outside the tropics).

2 with location and rainfall within the global tropics.

3 types in the northern hemisphere outside the tropics.

4 c wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the tropics.

5 er duration (5.2 months [4.9 to 5.5]) in the tropics.

6 ace temperature and tend to peak towards the tropics.

7 broma cacao), which are extensive across the tropics.

8 g large geographical disjunctions across the tropics.

9 sume that whole clades are restricted to the tropics.

10 are concentrated in the biologically diverse tropics.

11 which remain uncertain, particularly in the tropics.

12 aciation and arc-continent collisions in the tropics.

13 ly and extensive human impacts on the global tropics.

14 Hemisphere and into the Southern Hemisphere tropics.

15 e samples from cave KNI-51 in the Australian tropics.

16 ypically endemic among the rural poor in the tropics.

17 d with these dependencies is greatest in the tropics.

18 timing of epidemics was more diverse in the tropics.

19 f inputs to fresh water resources across the tropics.

20 xtratropical variability also can affect the tropics.

21 en assessed against soil measurements in the tropics.

22 stood energetic strategies of animals in the tropics.

23 od for over 800 million throughout the humid tropics.

24 nsity, broad-scale CO2 observations over the tropics.

25 to afforestation, with larger P loss in the tropics.

26 for a substantial disease burden across the tropics.

27 espread 'woodland resurgence' throughout the tropics.

28 line R d increases R p and especially in the tropics.

29 study climate-phenology relationships in the tropics.

30 shifts via energy flux perturbations in the tropics.

31 cies diversity and dominance out of the warm tropics.

32 sative agents of cutaneous ulcer (CU) in the tropics.

33 diversification dynamics through time in the Tropics.

34 carbon intensive monitoring plots across the tropics.

35 deepest and most extended peat areas in the tropics.

36 ce of greater numbers of rare species in the tropics.

37 ll commodity-driven deforestation across the tropics.

38 and higher nitrogen:phosphorus ratios in the tropics.

39 nama and presumably elsewhere in the lowland tropics.

40 ublic health strategies to control CU in the tropics.

41 major impacts on rain-fed agriculture in the tropics.

42 howed evidence of greater persistence in the tropics.

43 n the subtropics and cool anomalies over the tropics.

44 rt ozone rich dry stratospheric air into the tropics.

45 m functioning worldwide, particularly in the tropics.

46 ospheric circulation that affects the entire tropics.

47 me, dengue epidemics continue throughout the tropics.

48 ularly in transitional and/or wet regions in tropics.

49 higher percentages are likely needed in the tropics.

50 ation of predators in the temperate zone and tropics.

51 d remains an important cause of death in the tropics.

52 ency), is still limited, particularly in the tropics.

53 with human pressure across the global moist tropics.

54 ess at both local and regional scales in the tropics.

55 total nitric oxide losses were higher in the tropics.

56 hically biased, with significant gaps in the tropics.

57 The warming mode is most pronounced in the tropics.

58 Pacific Ocean alter precipitation across the tropics.

59 mpact of urbanization on biodiversity in the tropics.

60 deterred from reaching much of the New World tropics.

61 results in higher rates of speciation in the tropics.

62 tropics and its teleconnections to the extra-tropics.

63 cause lineages do not speciate faster in the tropics.

64 public health challenge, particularly in the tropics.

65 observed for large non-cropped parts of the tropics.

66 s of latitude from the temperate zone to the tropics.

67 uman activities to urban biodiversity in the tropics.

68 no clear temporal order was observed in the tropics.

69 us ulcer (CU) in yaws-endemic regions in the tropics.

70 erpretation of paleo-hydroclimate across the tropics.

71 ented extents and volumes of peatland in the tropics (1.7 Mkm(2) and 7,268 (6,076-7,368) km(3) ), whi

72 ant driver of soil carbon persistence in the tropics(4,5); however, the sensitivity of tropical soil

73 ant gp140 Env protein (derived from the dual-tropic 89.6 virus), which was efficiently recognized by

74 arly important for disease management in the tropics, a region with both high biodiversity and contin

75 erences in climatological regimes within the tropics affect processes mediating species coexistence.

76 Logging, pervasive across the lowland tropics, affects millions of hectares of forest, yet its

77 Moreover, AAVrh10 has higher tropic affinity to large myelinated and small peptidergi

78 phalitis virus (VEEV), a highly myeloid-cell-tropic alphavirus, results in secretion of very high sys

79 Travel history revealed multiple journeys to tropic and subtropic regions during the past decade and

80 verestimate boundary layer nucleation in the tropics and add changes to climate and land use to evalu

81 ations of this phenomenon are lacking in the tropics and are necessary to assess the impact of a warm

82 Hypoxic events in the tropics and associated mortality events have likely been

83 stances were predicted to be greatest in the tropics and at high latitudes, and lowest at mid-latitud

84 es to climate warming may be greatest in the tropics and at low elevations because mean temperatures

85 ct old-growth forest, primarily in the moist tropics and boreal Siberia, and 1.30 (1.03-1.96) Pg year

86 in streams, which is mainly microbial in the tropics and detritivore-mediated at high latitudes.

87 y of species assemblages, but especially the tropics and ectotherms remain understudied.

88 time: first, that recovery is longest in the tropics and high northern latitudes (both vulnerable are

89 2001 decade) respectively, especially in the tropics and industrialized areas since the 1970's.

90 ependently trigger the ENSO feedbacks in the tropics and its teleconnections to the extra-tropics.

91 Reports of extinction on islands, in the tropics and of shrubs, trees or species with narrow rang

92 energy demand rises by more than 25% in the tropics and southern regions of the USA, Europe and Chin

93 Overall the mean N2O-EF was 1.2% for the tropics and sub-tropics, thus within the uncertainty ran

94 casts are significantly less accurate in the tropics and subtropics for both peak timing and intensit

95 so increase robustly with warming across the tropics and subtropics in an ensemble of state-of-the-ar

96 ect increases in summertime mean CAPE in the tropics and subtropics in response to global warming, bu

97 imited forest monitoring capabilities in the tropics and subtropics rely on IPCC 2006 default DeltaAG

98 of melioidosis, an infectious disease in the tropics and subtropics with high morbidity and mortality

99 atening infectious disease for humans in the tropics and subtropics worldwide.

100 such as semi-arid ecosystems, forests in the tropics and subtropics, and Arctic tundra when forecasti

101 ironmental suitability for C. imicola in the tropics and subtropics.

102 rsion of deep Southern Ocean waters into the tropics and subtropics.

103 ult in drier-than-normal Southern Hemisphere tropics and subtropics.

104 initions inflate forest estimates across the tropics and undermine conservation goals, leading to ina

105 ein in conjunction with the expansion of the tropics and vice versa for the North Atlantic.

106 V has become endemic in countries across the tropics and will continue to cause sporadic outbreaks in

107 presses trophic transfer efficiencies in the tropics and, less critically, (iii) associates elevated

108 ducted across four continents (excluding the tropics) and 661 species, to estimate the influence of s

109 rmula: see text], 64% of which occurs in the tropics, and 20% in coastal upwelling systems that occup

110 idosis, a serious disease that occurs in the tropics, and a potential bioterrorism weapon.

111 e pathophysiology of mosquito allergy in the tropics, and some of them might be important arthropod-r

112 an expansion of oil palm concessions in the tropics, and the clearing of abundant forest as a result

113 nd for quantifying impacts of hunting in the tropics, and updated modules to quantify impacts of clim

114 ne-third of the 100 million travelers to the tropics annually acquire extended-spectrum beta-lactamas

115 ips among all plots at 1 ha scale across the tropics are absent, and within continents are either wea

116 However, the tropics are also hotter, and most physiological rates in

117 water availability on tree longevity in the tropics are consistent with theoretical predictions of i

118 an species from higher latitudes because the tropics are hotter.

119 The tropics are the source of most biodiversity yet inadequa

120 sturbance, but its ecological effects in the tropics are unquantified.

121 ng a rational design approach to target TfR1-tropic arenaviruses with high potency and breadth.

122 pendent models, are consistent with the land tropics being a net annual carbon emission of [Formula:

123 Formulation of these compounds in liver-tropic biodegradable, biocompatible nanoparticles confer

124 tion reduced invertebrate recruitment in the tropics but not the temperate zone.

125 CCR5 (R5)-tropic, but not CXCR4 (X4)-tropic, HIV-1 is associated w

126 CCR5-tropic, but not CXCR4-tropic, viruses were identified in

127 hypothesis that predation is stronger in the tropics, but also elucidate some of the causes and conse

128 lts, second calendar-year sanderlings in the tropics, but not in Europe, often refrained from migrati

129 the oceans, coastal areas, and parts of the Tropics, but photosynthesis is severely inhibited for th

130 phylogenetic beta diversity is higher in the tropics, but that basal-weighted phylogenetic beta diver

131 95th percentile of AGB density (AGB(95) ) in tropics can be considered as the potential maximum of AG

132 lts demonstrate that strong predation in the tropics can have consequential impacts on prey communiti

133 We found that most skin-tropic CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells are resident in the skin le

134 inant mode of subseasonal variability in the tropics, characterized by an eastward-moving band of rai

135 The pan-tropic cleaner shrimp Stenopus hispidus (Crustacea, Sten

136 Genotypic analysis of the dual-tropic clones also showed significant changes in the V1/

137 lta(18)O values) from 19 stations across the tropics collected from 2012 to 2017 under the Coordinate

138 species turnover, or beta diversity, in the tropics compared to temperate regions.

139 gest natural geographic source of CH4 in the tropics, consistently underestimate the atmospheric burd

140 individuals were nearly all tightly non-mac-tropic, contrasting with previous data for neuro-AIDS pa

141 hat development and educational gains in the tropics could be undermined by climate change, even for

142 the most important starchy root crops in the tropics due to its adaptation to marginal environments.

143 ating for a TPDV generated internally in the tropics (e.g. ENSO residuals), is inherently unpredictab

144 region (Pocillopora aliciae) or rare in the tropics (e.g. Porites heronensis).

145 ue of 4/12 N/MC individuals, (ii) macrophage-tropic Envs in brain tissue formed compartmentalized clu

146 distinct from non-macrophage-tropic (non-mac-tropic) Envs recovered from the spleen or brain, (iii) t

147 studies demonstrating a link between B cell-tropic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and disease onset.

148 aining hundreds of millions of people in the tropics, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.

149 se from a single viral variant and were CCR5 tropic, even though CXCR4 variants were detected within

150 about the potential threat of hypoxia in the tropics, even though the known risk factors, including e

151 In the tropics, fast currents overwhelmed the effect of short p

152 lar level with the most prevalent human cell-tropic FeLV variant, FeLV-B.

153 t) and to the region of interest (global vs. tropics for instance).

154 of the Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments-Tropics, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office

155 tective pigments and proteins, and regulates tropic growth.

156 coastal carbonate accumulation occurs in the tropics, >50% of coral reef accumulation occurs in the W

157 century plant geographers noted that the wet tropics harbor plants with exceptionally large leaves, t

158 he impact of extratropical atmosphere on the tropics has intensified during the past 2 decades, makin

159 ve the highest relative increase (28%) while tropics have the lowest relative increase (9%) over the

160 e supports the replication of both X4 and R5-tropic HIV as efficiently as its parental cell line, Sup

161 nished infection of CD4(+) T cells with CCR5-tropic HIV in vitro.

162 Our study demonstrates that X4-tropic HIV sharply declines in most patients during succ

163 CT was related to a highly replicative CXCR4-tropic HIV variant, which could already be detected befo

164 CCR5, HIV strains that require CCR5 (R5 or M-tropic HIV) fail to successfully initiate infection.

165 CD4 +T cells with resistance specific to R5-tropic HIV, reversed after introduction of ccr5.

166 subset of high viremic patients harboring R5 tropic HIV, there was a strong correlation between CCR5

167 Previously, we found that a CCR5 coreceptor-tropic HIV-1 acquired a key HR1 or HR2 resistance mutati

168 sistant to CCR5 (R5)-, CXCR4 (X4)-, and dual-tropic HIV-1 and had a survival advantage compared to co

169 e that TFR cells are highly permissive to R5-tropic HIV-1 both ex vivo and in vivo This is likely rel

170 individual IMC, named stHIV-A19 (for simian tropic HIV-1 clone A19), which recapitulated the phenoty

171 lls are more permissive than TFH cells to R5-tropic HIV-1 ex vivo TFR cells expressed more CCR5 and C

172 genetic intervention against both R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1 infections.

173 genetic intervention against both R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1 infections.

174 s that TFR cells contribute to persistent R5-tropic HIV-1 replication in vivoIMPORTANCE In chronic, u

175 Here, we report that a CXCR4 coreceptor-tropic HIV-1 selected the same key HR1 or HR2 mutations

176 that compartmentalized and active macrophage-tropic HIV-1 variants are present in the brain tissue of

177 alysis indicated that the establishment of M-tropic HIV-1 variants predated ATI.

178 oviral therapy (cART) present with CCR5 (R5)-tropic HIV-1 variants.

179 sential co-receptor for cellular entry of R5-tropic HIV-1, and is a validated target for therapeutics

180 her cART itself mediates the reduction of X4-tropic HIV-1.

181 CCR5 (R5)-tropic, but not CXCR4 (X4)-tropic, HIV-1 is associated with primary HIV-1 infection

182 The tropics house around 50 million forest fragments and the

183 lity of plant-pollinator interactions in the tropics; however, these ideas have not previously been t

184 In the absence of therapy, CXCR4 (X4)-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) incre

185 equency of extreme water-level events in the Tropics, impairing the developing economies of equatoria

186 and degradation taking place throughout the tropics, improved understanding of the magnitude and spa

187 wetter and hotter conditions in the wet-dry tropics in the future will increase SigmaF(aq) and fire

188 ement in both models that large areas of the tropics in the Western Hemisphere and in Asia have clima

189 range of biomes from the high Arctic to the tropics, included broad- and needleleaf species, and upp

190 In the dry tropics, including African savannas, many trees grow new

191 South America that is a major staple in the tropics, including in marginal environments.

192 f anthropogenic climate forcing occur in the tropics, including increases in probability of at least

193 In the tropics, influenza accounts for excess cardiovascular-re

194 ory predicts that higher biodiversity in the tropics is maintained by specialized interactions among

195 Deforestation in the tropics is not only responsible for direct carbon emissi

196 Anomaly (MCA) on the precipitation over the tropics is still poorly understood.

197 ally rich fruit crop indigenous to the humid tropics, known by their place of origin.

198 on of biomass carbon stocks, particularly in tropics, lead to large uncertainty in future projections

199 wards the subtropical North Pacific from the tropics, leading to anomalous cyclonic circulation and l

200 les leads to a dose-dependent, muscle tissue-tropic, lethal infection in C. elegans.

201 Our findings highlight the importance of gut tropic leukocytes in circulation and reveal that blood-b

202 and copepods-that traditionally fuel higher tropic levels such as fish, sea birds and marine mammals

203 e, and closely related to a minor macrophage-tropic lineage present in the blood prior to viral suppr

204 In the tropics, long time-scale oceanic variability precludes d

205 A minor population of macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) viruses was identified in a library of

206 In the tropics, mangroves are a ubiquitous component of healthy

207 the design of protected area networks in the tropics, merit increased conservation attention.

208 ests a potential therapeutic target for lung-tropic metastasizing cancers.

209 espread changes in land-use occurring in the tropics might be altering not just the biodiversity foun

210 Bypassing TGF-beta signaling with vascular tropic nanoparticles that deliver miR-30c antagomiRs pro

211 alized clusters distinct from non-macrophage-tropic (non-mac-tropic) Envs recovered from the spleen o

212 The tropics of Caribbean are experiencing warming and drying

213 gions, starting in late summer months in the tropics of each hemisphere, reaching most temperate site

214 nt CSF escape population that was macrophage-tropic, partially drug resistant, genetically diverse, a

215 high rates of mammalian viral sharing in the tropics, particularly among rodents and bats, and within

216 could also promote infection with macrophage-tropic pathogens.

217 Genotypic analysis of R5-tropic patient-derived envelope genes revealed significa

218 In the tropics, positive IgE tests are also prevalent, but rare

219 ns are widely thought to be strongest in the tropics, potentially contributing to the greater number

220 The tropics produce 56 +/- 6% of global land N pollution des

221 The relative frequencies of X4-tropic proviral HIV-1 variants were determined by means

222 ralleled by the emergence or expansion of X4-tropic provirus variants.

223 of patients, the documented expansion of X4-tropic provirus was based on the outgrowth of single vir

224 80%) experienced no frequency increase in X4-tropic proviruses during therapy.

225 We showed that (i) macrophage-tropic R5 Envs could be detected in the brain tissue of

226 ction of highly compartmentalized macrophage-tropic R5 Envs in the brain tissue of HIV patients witho

227 tagonist that blocks the viral entry of CCR5-tropic (R5) virions by binding to and inducing a conform

228 e differences; longer growing seasons in the tropics reduce constraints on the seasonal timing of rep

229 ent that exceptional species richness in the tropics reflects species accumulation over time, with li

230 The pattern of species-rich tropics relative to species-poor temperate areas has bee

231 tions might be systematically shorter in the tropics relative to those at high latitudes.

232 We conclude that root tropic responses to gravity and water are driven by dist

233 use IECs and inhibits the replication of IEC-tropic rotavirus.

234 The selected Tropic Seamount in the North-Eastern Atlantic is represe

235 deep sea plume experiments undertaken on the Tropic seamount, 300 nautical miles SSW of the Canary Is

236 s N-40 degrees N (0.07 degrees C/y), and the tropics south of 20 degrees N (0.04 degrees C/y), were e

237 f major world areas, including the New World tropics, Southwest Asia, and China, during a period of p

238 ally analyze net-N2O-N emissions to estimate tropic-specific annual N2O emission factors (N2O-EFs) us

239 , critical to the virulence of many GAS skin-tropic strains, we used high-resolution NMR to define th

240 mediates pre-DC infection of CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic strains.

241 r competitive exclusion more strongly in the tropics than it does in temperate and boreal zones, decr

242 ure level of 460 K (about 20 km or 60 hPa in tropics), the global circulation strength is 6.3-7.6 x 1

243 Previous research has argued that in the tropics, the upper bound on tropospheric mixing and clou

244 mafic and ultramafic rocks in the warm, wet tropics, thereby increasing Earth's potential to sequest

245 teria, including potential pathogens, in the tropics this study compared the abundance of FIB (Total

246 Yet land-use change in the tropics threatens this ecosystem and its critical 'blue

247 e become progressively restricted toward the tropics throughout the Cenozoic, culminating in relative

248 mean N2O-EF was 1.2% for the tropics and sub-tropics, thus within the uncertainty range of IPCC-EF.

249 y cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere.

250 lyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on fo

251 ts a variety of geographical niches-from the tropics to high latitudes and from shallow to deep water

252 sus data from 29 countries across the global tropics to high-resolution gridded climate data to under

253 bute heat and oligotrophic seawater from the tropics to temperate latitudes, with several displaying

254 d an important role as maize spread from the tropics to temperate zones.

255 ynechococcus clades being prominent from the tropics to the Arctic and their abundances increasing wo

256 al gradient of decreasing diversity from the tropics to the poles.

257 We found that, from the tropics to the sub-Antarctic, alien species have the bro

258 from extra-tropical ENSO precursors to ENSO (tropics) to extra-tropical ENSO teleconnections is not o

259 cted individuals on effective ART and that M-tropic variants can appear in rebounding viremia when tr

260 t with active viral expression by macrophage-tropic variants in the brain tissue of some individuals,

261 (False Positive Rate (FPR), 3.5%; R5- or X4 tropic variants occurring at less than 2% of the total v

262 ress CCR5 and were susceptible only to CXCR4-tropic virus ex vivo.

263 The detection of active macrophage-tropic virus expression, and probably replication, indic

264 I-scFv X5 are resistant to R5-, X4-, or dual-tropic virus infection ex vivo In a preclinical study us

265 can swine fever virus (ASFV) is a macrophage-tropic virus responsible for ASF, a transboundary diseas

266 Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a skin-tropic virus that infects epidermal keratinocytes and ca

267 M-tropic viruses could also be enriched from post-ATI plas

268 specific (CD3) antibodies, suggesting that M-tropic viruses had a macrophage origin.

269 hermore, we detected a switch from C5- to X4-tropic viruses in 4 individuals after loss of control, s

270 eptor antagonists against the remaining CCR5-tropic viruses may be indicated.

271 s during primary infection with common liver-tropic viruses.

272 1/V2 region, different from the resistant R5-tropic viruses.

273 A minor population of macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) viruses was identified in a library of recombina

274 CCR5-tropic, but not CXCR4-tropic, viruses were identified in HIV-1 DNA from CD4 T

275 larly cold and dense, it sinks to generate a tropic-ward flow on the ocean floor of the Pacific, Atla

276 In the tropics, water availability is a leading driver of the d

277 Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant.

278 ains a principal challenge in the developing tropics where communities rely heavily on marine-based p

279 ng toward particularly large declines in the tropics where much future agricultural expansion is expe

280 ydrologically dynamic regions of the wet-dry tropics where our result indicating a significant C sink

281 ith slow life histories, particularly in the tropics, where climate variation over large-scale space

282 n be particularly significant in the wet-dry tropics, where fire plays a fundamental part in ecosyste

283 sary to provide year-round protection in the tropics, where influenza circulates throughout the year.

284 t is expected to be especially severe in the tropics, where organisms have evolved in more physically

285 n gradients may be more important within the tropics, where plant species richness is positively asso

286 changes in bee community composition in the tropics, where pollination limitation is most severe and

287 than they receive, are mostly located in the tropics, where recent deforestation, agricultural intens

288 ial biodiversity of Earth, especially in the tropics, where they host hotspots of extraordinary and p

289 Fertilizer use is poised to increase in the tropics, where widespread food insecurity persists and i

290 xcept for evergreen broadleaf forests in the tropics, which are very isohydric, and croplands, which

291 he planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid cl

292 to dynamic young communities outside of the tropics, while relative stability in tropical climes led

293 temperatures and low precipitation over the tropics, while the growth rate of atmospheric carbon dio

294 ely expected that habitat destruction in the tropics will cause a mass extinction in coming years, bu

295 t CSF escape populations that were R5 T cell-tropic with little genetic diversity.

296 tudes, while acclimation lowers this for the tropics with increases elsewhere.

297 e to future dams were especially high in the tropics, with declines in CI of ~20 to 40 percentage poi

298 dominant arthropod predators of the world's tropics, with large nomadic colonies housing diverse com

299 Most woody lineages evolved in the tropics, with many gymnosperms but few angiosperms adapt

300 high diversity of tree species found in the tropics, yet we have little understanding of how project