ライフサイエンスコーパス: tubulogenesis

1 is reduced in monolayers but enhanced during tubulogenesis.

2 tion whereas both GW0742 and VEGF-A promoted tubulogenesis.

3 el to investigate the mechanisms of vascular tubulogenesis.

4 ntify pathways regulating specific stages of tubulogenesis.

5 ith decreased cell viability, migration, and tubulogenesis.

6 ing pathway significantly reduced pronephric tubulogenesis.

7 of E-cadherin in epithelial polarization and tubulogenesis.

8 -STAT3 axis in epithelial sheet invasion and tubulogenesis.

9 and tubules, two sequential intermediates in tubulogenesis.

10 he duct during de novo epithelialization and tubulogenesis.

11 ll cysts, and Exoc5-KD cysts did not undergo tubulogenesis.

12 nt mitogenesis, migration, cell scatter, and tubulogenesis.

13 hesion, migration, and endothelial cell (EC) tubulogenesis.

14 eated with hepatocyte growth factor to model tubulogenesis.

15 al vulval lumen formation to complete vulval tubulogenesis.

16 spreading and migration necessary for normal tubulogenesis.

17 fate, the AC directly promotes dorsal vulval tubulogenesis.

18 y tubes through the process of intracellular tubulogenesis.

19 ormation and to the general process of early tubulogenesis.

20 gration, and tubulogenesis and Lys(1147) for tubulogenesis.

21 dothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis.

22 ndothelial cell proliferation, migration and tubulogenesis.

23 vements required for neural tube closure and tubulogenesis.

24 ibition of Pak4, all blocks endothelial cell tubulogenesis.

25 sis, mediating VEGF induction of endothelial tubulogenesis.

26 play an important role in the regulation of tubulogenesis.

27 moted endothelial cell proliferation but not tubulogenesis.

28 and dorsoventral patterning, and epithelial tubulogenesis.

29 glioma cells and prevented endothelial cell tubulogenesis.

30 e the expression of Lim1 for MM survival and tubulogenesis.

31 ystem that regulates vesicle dynamics during tubulogenesis.

32 g morphogenesis, and multicellular branching tubulogenesis.

33 brafish embryos specifically blocks vascular tubulogenesis.

34 s HGF-induced cell spreading, migration, and tubulogenesis.

35 iferation, migration, invasive capacity, and tubulogenesis.

36 implicating RGS4 as a potential regulator of tubulogenesis.

37 F coordinately regulate successive stages of tubulogenesis.

38 MCD, and UB cell culture models of branching tubulogenesis.

39 imulate endothelial cell differentiation and tubulogenesis.

40 B) and the transcription factor ETS1, during tubulogenesis.

41 and other p300-dependent genes required for tubulogenesis.

42 enesis resembles aspects of mammalian kidney tubulogenesis.

43 ating the growth of the ureteric system with tubulogenesis.

44 it is functionally important in vivo during tubulogenesis.

45 yme-specific inducer, Wnt-4, and its role in tubulogenesis.

46 nduced the nephrogenic mesenchyme to undergo tubulogenesis.

47 ureter in the presence of signals promoting tubulogenesis.

48 ot competent to respond to signals promoting tubulogenesis.

49 C4-null mouse embryos exhibit impaired renal tubulogenesis.

50 um, resulting in vasculogenesis and enhanced tubulogenesis.

51 th independently and in combination, inhibit tubulogenesis.

52 the hierarchy of molecular events mediating tubulogenesis.

53 a signaling cascade that may regulate renal tubulogenesis.

54 and actomyosin contractility during vascular tubulogenesis.

55 iently lost and subsequently regained during tubulogenesis.

56 atenins in an MDCK epithelial cell model for tubulogenesis.

57 s characteristic of early in vitro branching tubulogenesis.

58 mediated cell-cell adhesion is important for tubulogenesis.

59 regulating cell migration during epithelial tubulogenesis.

60 ECs) display impaired growth, migration, and tubulogenesis.

61 criptionally upregulated in cells undergoing tubulogenesis.

62 ions, and exhibit reduced cell migration and tubulogenesis.

63 ptor 1 pathway hindered cell protrusions and tubulogenesis.

64 xpression, collagen remodeling, and impaired tubulogenesis.

65 GTPases are coordinated by Rasip1 to direct tubulogenesis.

66 sms downstream of Rasip1 that drive vascular tubulogenesis.

67 ng the importance of Wnt signaling for renal tubulogenesis.

68 (Cad5KO)) at mid-gestation blocks angiogenic tubulogenesis.

69 required for C. elegans excretory cell (EC) tubulogenesis.

70 rganizes F-actin and MT cytoskeletons during tubulogenesis.

71 wound healing, chemotaxis and invasion, and tubulogenesis.

72 lies frequently occur in organs that undergo tubulogenesis.

73 ial cell outputs, such as cell migration and tubulogenesis.

74 ated, but not Sema3e-mediated, inhibition of tubulogenesis.

75 precise timing of these events in pronephros tubulogenesis.

76 rmation assays indicate that both can impede tubulogenesis.

77 ry for renal ciliogenesis, cystogenesis, and tubulogenesis.

78 and lumen formation/elongation during kidney tubulogenesis.

79 silencing of STIM1 or Orai1 did not prevent tubulogenesis.

80 inhibitor to activated PKA cultures rescued tubulogenesis.

81 ll surface, and defective cell migration and tubulogenesis.

82 s cysts in three-dimensional culture induces tubulogenesis [5, 6], which like most tubulogenic proces

83 excretory cell (EC) is a powerful model for tubulogenesis, a conserved process that requires precise

84 m1 and Wnt4 knockouts, which arrest in early tubulogenesis, a network of genes involving PKA, Wnt, Lh

85 central role in endothelial cell migration, tubulogenesis, adhesion, and permeability in response to

86 uding epithelial-mesenchymal conversions and tubulogenesis, although the mechanisms responsible for r

87 l patterning of both distal air and vascular tubulogenesis (alveolarization).

88 rofile associated with pancreatic epithelial tubulogenesis and a tissue architecture-specific signatu

89 ription factors implicated in wound healing, tubulogenesis and cancer.

90 ctor Atmin (Asciz) is required for both lung tubulogenesis and ciliogenesis.

91 ostulated to play an important role in renal tubulogenesis and compensatory hypertrophy.

92 is study tested the hypothesis that coronary tubulogenesis and coronary artery formation require VEGF

93 D), but its role in the molecular pathway of tubulogenesis and cystogenesis is not understood.

94 Nonetheless, the contribution of PCP to tubulogenesis and cystogenesis is uncertain, and two maj

95 ain insight into the role of polycystin-1 in tubulogenesis and cystogenesis using the well-characteri

96 we have utilized a 3D MDCK in vitro model of tubulogenesis and cystogenesis.

97 errantly, resulting in failure of epithelial tubulogenesis and ductal plexus formation.

98 le of influencing such cellular processes as tubulogenesis and endothelial cell migration, yet very l

99 opment but was responsible for postinductive tubulogenesis and epithelial integrity.

100 cell shape and cell rearrangements, de novo tubulogenesis and epithelial tubule remodeling.

101 enesis assay, activated G alpha 12 inhibited tubulogenesis and led to the formation of cyst-like stru

102 in cultured renal epithelial cells disrupted tubulogenesis and led to upregulation of Pkd1.

103 Tubulogenesis and lumen formation are critical to the de

104 tion; Lys(1146) for adhesion, migration, and tubulogenesis and Lys(1147) for tubulogenesis.

105 signaling at multiple steps, including IHBD tubulogenesis and maintenance, during hepatic developmen

106 e growth factor (HGF) plays central roles in tubulogenesis and metastasis [1-4].

107 ray analysis to further our understanding of tubulogenesis and observed a robust induction of regulat

108 e importance of Rho-kinase in normal nephron tubulogenesis and patterning.

109 ARF6 is transiently activated during tubulogenesis and perturbing the ARF6 GTP/GDP cycle by i

110 l epithelial cells was sufficient to disrupt tubulogenesis and produce cyst-like structures.

111 rving their in vivo angiogenic potential for tubulogenesis and sprouting.

112 gnaling pathway that is necessary for normal tubulogenesis and that PKD1 may require the presence of

113 of several signaling pathways that regulate tubulogenesis and vascular branching, elongation, and pr

114 L rescued high glucose-induced impairment of tubulogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VE

115 y other phyla, across metazoans, it controls tubulogenesis and vascularization.

116 oxygen and prevention of low oxygen-induced tubulogenesis and vasculogenesis by anti-VEGF antibodies

117 These studies indicate that tubulogenesis and vasculogenesis can be partially recapi

118 cells, suggesting it may be involved in the tubulogenesis and/or maintenance of duct-lumen architect

119 g different stages of tubular morphogenesis (tubulogenesis) and of PANC-1 cells during spheroid forma

120 tputs such as cell migration, proliferation, tubulogenesis, and cell-cell interactions.

121 ssary for inhibition of p300, suppression of tubulogenesis, and interference with EMT.

122 1 and syndecan-4, inhibiting cell migration, tubulogenesis, and proliferation.

123 ein kinase C- and PI3K-dependent endothelial tubulogenesis, and stimulated angiogenesis in a mouse sp

124 L) impairment of endothelial cell migration, tubulogenesis, and survival in a PPARalpha-independent m

125 that cause the cell shape changes that drive tubulogenesis are not well understood.

126 coordinating morphogenetic processes during tubulogenesis are poorly understood.

127 However, the mechanisms underlying vascular "tubulogenesis" are only beginning to be unraveled.

128 blood vessel morphogenesis using an in vitro tubulogenesis assay and three different culture systems:

129 Using the MDCK cell 3D-tubulogenesis assay, activated G alpha 12 inhibited tubu

130 In vitro tubulogenesis assays indicate that isolated BMPER(-/-) e

131 rformed using cell viability, migration, and tubulogenesis assays, as well as quantitative RT-PCR and

132 wth factor (SF/HGF) to initiate invasion and tubulogenesis atop either type I collagen or interstitia

133 nase expression and blunts proliferation and tubulogenesis, (b) in a PPARalpha-humanized mouse model,

134 hat TRPC channels are essential for in vitro tubulogenesis, both on endothelial cell line and on prim

135 oglycans and is only required for triggering tubulogenesis but not for later events.

136 One gene, ASPM, was down-regulated during tubulogenesis but up-regulated in human PDAC cell lines

137 in intercellular contacts at early steps of tubulogenesis, but assumes its basolateral localization

138 t an excellent model in which to investigate tubulogenesis, but the cell types and lineage relationsh

139 been previously implicated in intracellular tubulogenesis, but their specific role has not been defi

140 Thus, HNF-1beta regulates tubulogenesis by controlling the levels of SOCS-3 expres

141 Here, we established a model of tubulogenesis by culturing renal proximal tubular epithe

142 creased levels of SOCS-3 inhibit HGF-induced tubulogenesis by decreasing phosphorylation of Erk and S

143 the proliferation of, chemoinvasion of, and tubulogenesis by endothelial cells in vitro, an effect m

144 Tubulogenesis by epithelial cells regulates kidney, lung

145 or (HGF/ SF)-stimulated MDCK cysts initiated tubulogenesis by forming many long cell extensions.

146 63 fine-tunes the rate of cyst formation and tubulogenesis by maintaining an appropriate expression l

147 that TAp63 is the major isoform required for tubulogenesis by maintaining an appropriate level of EMT

148 cell outgrowth and lumen formation during EC tubulogenesis by regulating F-actin at the tip of the gr

149 HNF-1beta rescues the defect in HGF-induced tubulogenesis by restoring phosphorylation of Erk and ST

150 erived from MSCs and ECFCs augmented in vivo tubulogenesis by the renal tubule-forming cells.

151 soforms in cell proliferation, migration and tubulogenesis by using Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK)

152 ated from the floxed FAK mice led to reduced tubulogenesis, cell survival, proliferation, and migrati

153 Therefore, during tubulogenesis, cell-cell adhesive contacts are different

154 Finally a tubulogenesis defect phenotype was identified for the ge

155 Entrapped ECFCs underwent tubulogenesis dependent on the cellular interactions wit

156 helial cell apical junctions during vascular tubulogenesis depends on Rasip1, as well as the GTPase C

157 wn, and the role of membrane transporters in tubulogenesis during development has not been adequately

158 ) and metanephric mesenchyme are crucial for tubulogenesis during kidney development.

159 ch2 receptor is essential for normal biliary tubulogenesis during liver development.

160 ic innervation coordinates multiple steps in tubulogenesis during organogenesis.

161 men signaling complexes, to control human EC tubulogenesis during vascular morphogenesis.

162 tes growth by cell proliferation and induces tubulogenesis, endothelial cell differentiation, and vas

163 rations, including proliferation, migration, tubulogenesis, enhanced vascular permeability, and endot

164 PGE(1)-OH and ONO-AE1-329 induced migration, tubulogenesis, ERK activation and cAMP production in con

165 regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation and tubulogenesis, even under conditions where tubulogenesis

166 Here, we describe a novel function during tubulogenesis for ZEN-4, the Caenorhabditis elegans orth

167 ulated during distinct stages of HGF-induced tubulogenesis from MDCK cysts.

168 on between glial ensheathment of neurons and tubulogenesis, have uncovered glial roles in neurite gro

169 d at alleviating renal hypoxia and enhancing tubulogenesis holds promise as the basis for new renal r

170 does not block MDCK cell cyst formation and tubulogenesis in 3-D culture.

171 promote human endothelial cell survival and tubulogenesis in 3-D type I collagen gels, a response th

172 ta(1), which coassociate to control human EC tubulogenesis in 3D collagen matrices.

173 apical membrane surface during blood vessel tubulogenesis in 3D matrix environments.

174 -catenin dependent pathway) disrupted normal tubulogenesis in a manner similar to PKA-agonist treated

175 We show that during tubulogenesis in an in vitro model system the exocyst re

176 Although the process of tubulogenesis in culture specifically resembled early bi

177 Here we investigate epithelial tubulogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster by examining th

178 acellular Ca2+ flux in CMs and inhibition of tubulogenesis in ECs.

179 Sema4D potently induced chemotaxis and tubulogenesis in endothelial cells and enhanced blood ve

180 e might help us to find common principles of tubulogenesis in general.

181 ed IL-8-mediated cell migration and in vitro tubulogenesis in HMECs.

182 ess that occurs during the initial stages of tubulogenesis in intersegmental vessels (ISVs) in the em

183 This cell can undergo normal tubulogenesis in isolated cell culture.

184 r tubule formation, is sufficient to trigger tubulogenesis in isolated metanephric mesenchyme, wherea

185 tuned toward both the basic understanding of tubulogenesis in modular environments and as a clinicall

186 ll branching morphogenesis and multicellular tubulogenesis in mouse renal tubular epithelial cells an

187 the HGF/c-met signaling pathway of in vitro tubulogenesis in renal epithelial cells.

188 required for cystogenesis, but it suppressed tubulogenesis in response to hepatocyte growth factor.

189 Epithelial cells undergo tubulogenesis in response to morphogens such as hepatocy

190 a surprising player in directing epithelial tubulogenesis in salivary glands.

191 ependent induction of cell proliferation and tubulogenesis in the ASP and that homeotic selector gene

192 teractions regulating intermediate stages of tubulogenesis in the developing kidney have been difficu

193 nstrate that parasympathetic nerves regulate tubulogenesis in the developing salivary gland.

194 early cell growth as a key characteristic of tubulogenesis in the Drosophila embryonic salivary gland

195 al calcium/Wnt pathway mediates Wnt4-induced tubulogenesis in the kidney.

196 In the absence of cv-c activity, tubulogenesis in the renal or Malpighian tubules fails a

197 The reduction of PC1 expression prevented tubulogenesis in three-dimensional collagen type I cultu

198 d from Clic4(-/-) mice demonstrated impaired tubulogenesis in three-dimensional fibrin gels compared

199 hibition of hepatocyte growth factor-induced tubulogenesis in Tuba knockdown Madin-Darby canine kidne

200 factor) that are known to induce kidney cell tubulogenesis in vitro and/or participate in renal regen

201 fects corresponded with impaired endothelial tubulogenesis in vitro following Notch1 activation and p

202 ll survival or invasion and serum-stimulated tubulogenesis in vitro, suggesting that this agent also

203 rp1(cyto) mutation also impaired endothelial tubulogenesis in vitro, which could be rescued by expres

204 rescue EC migration but not proliferation or tubulogenesis in vitro.

205 and activator of transcription-1, and induce tubulogenesis in vitro.

206 ing pathways regulated by EXC-4/CLICs during tubulogenesis in vivo remain largely unknown.

207 nd present evidence for a multistep model of tubulogenesis in which cells rearrange without loss of c

208 In vivo, Egfl7 is important for regulating tubulogenesis in zebrafish and for controlling vascular

209 domain 7 (Egfl7) is important for regulating tubulogenesis in zebrafish, but its role in mammals rema

210 Epithelial tubulogenesis involves complex cell rearrangements that

211 ile ducts arise through a novel mechanism of tubulogenesis involving sequential radial differentiatio

212 Endothelial tubulogenesis is a crucial step in the formation of func

213 In glandular organs, tubulogenesis is a multistep process requiring coordinat

214 The formation of a single lumen during tubulogenesis is crucial for the development and functio

215 that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced tubulogenesis is dependent on functional beta1 integrins

216 Vascular tubulogenesis is essential to cardiovascular development

217 nsion is coordinated with other processes of tubulogenesis is not well known, and the role of membran

218 ar processes and physical forces involved in tubulogenesis is presented in this review and the accomp

219 But little is known about how tubulogenesis is regulated in vivo.

220 e molecular and cellular events coordinating tubulogenesis is relatively limited.

221 Our data document that tubulogenesis is temporally dependent on multiple VEGF f

222 directly modulate the actin cytoskeleton in tubulogenesis is unknown.

223 ng the role of several secreted molecules in tubulogenesis, it has become necessary to revise the cla

224 itory up-regulated during the p-EMT phase of tubulogenesis, it is not a repressor of E-cadherin durin

225 y alter critical pathways controlling normal tubulogenesis leading to cystic transformation.

226 the cell or in the apical cell migration and tubulogenesis machinery.

227 required for initiation of mycangia and that tubulogenesis may have been co-opted for early mycangial

228 s even more distinct from typical epithelial tubulogenesis mechanisms because the heart lumen is boun

229 sandwich culture system, we could segregate tubulogenesis of bile ducts into distinct steps and foun

230 ion and Id-1 expression, cell spreading, and tubulogenesis of endothelial cells (EC).

231 Furthermore, IL-17A promoted tubulogenesis of HUVECs plated on Matrigel in a dose-dep

232 nditioned medium increased the migration and tubulogenesis of liver ECs as well as human umbilical ve

233 MP in a tissue remodeling system: growth and tubulogenesis of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells

234 Here we investigated the role of GRHL2 in tubulogenesis of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, a proc

235 HKD(2) and HKE(2) stimulated migration and tubulogenesis of microvascular endothelial cells, implic

236 Tubulogenesis of the Drosophila dorsal eggshell structur

237 d super-resolution microscopy to analyze the tubulogenesis of the Drosophila salivary glands, I find

238 gland development is delayed due to aberrant tubulogenesis of the ductal epithelium.

239 del to study renal-related issues, including tubulogenesis of the excretory canal, membrane transport

240 Here, we show that during tubulogenesis of the salivary glands in the fly embryo,

241 Furthermore, we found that tubulogenesis of wild-type cells in culture was inhibite

242 red for partial or complete EMT occurring in tubulogenesis or tumor progression and that GRHL2 suppre

243 s require MMP activities for both growth and tubulogenesis, over-expression of wild-type MT3-MMP, but

244 effects of Notch1 activation on endothelial tubulogenesis, paracrine regulation of smooth muscle cel

245 e showed that vacuoles along the endothelial tubulogenesis pathway are acidic in wild-type cells, and

246 We describe a unique tracheal tubulogenesis phenotype caused by loss of both Drosophil

247 phogenesis results in dramatically different tubulogenesis phenotypes, suggesting time-dependent role

248 ings demonstrate a critical role for Mmp2 in tubulogenesis post-induction, and implicate Mmp2 in regu

249 These results demonstrate that urethral tubulogenesis, prepuce morphogenesis, and sexually dimor

250 ularization diverged from a common ancestral tubulogenesis program, broadly adapted for vascularizati

251 of floating 3D collagen gels also disrupted tubulogenesis, promoted FAK phosphorylation, and sustain

252 provide clues of the underlying mechanism of tubulogenesis relevant to both normal and abnormal devel

253 iomechanical force regulates epithelial cell tubulogenesis remains poorly understood.

254 ted by ERK activation, whereas migration and tubulogenesis require both p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt activat

255 Tubulogenesis required the contraction of floating colla

256 Tubulogenesis requires coordinated movement of epithelia

257 These data indicate that pronephric tubulogenesis requires the Daam1/WGEF/Rho PCP pathway.

258 Blood vessel tubulogenesis requires the formation of stable cell-to-c

259 Renal tubulogenesis requires the presence of certain Wnt prote

260 We show that endothelial tubulogenesis requires the Ras interacting protein 1, Ra

261 carcinoma progression through an EMT versus tubulogenesis response.

262 Here, an unbiased RNAi-based tubulogenesis screen identifies a role of clathrin (CHC-

263 in vitro human endothelial cells undergoing tubulogenesis; some of which may well be effective as no

264 on this profile, we established a 6-28 gene tubulogenesis-specific signature that accurately determi

265 uggesting that PKA regulates a Wnt-dependent tubulogenesis step.

266 Here we developed a synchronous, efficient tubulogenesis system and used time-course transcriptiona

267 ctor (HGF)-induced Madin-Darby canine kidney tubulogenesis system, which provides a three-dimensional

268 ce ZO-1), were used to establish an in vitro tubulogenesis system.

269 ed a gene expression profile associated with tubulogenesis that resembled the profile of human pancre

270 ntagonist of epithelial and endothelial cell tubulogenesis that selectively antagonizes intracellular

271 We found that during tubulogenesis, the developing pronephric anlagen express

272 and sufficient to induce the first stage of tubulogenesis, the partial epithelial to mesenchymal tra

273 ; these genes sustain iterative UB branching tubulogenesis through minimal alterations in the network

274 lated human umbilical vein endothelial cells tubulogenesis through the paracrine secretion of HGF.

275 induced model system of MDCK epithelial cell tubulogenesis to analyze the mechanisms of cell rearrang

276 y collecting duct undergo in vitro branching tubulogenesis to both the c-met receptor ligand hepatocy

277 progenitors in the zebrafish embryo undergo tubulogenesis to form nephrons is poorly understood, but

278 Vascular cords then undergo tubulogenesis to form vessels with a central lumen.

279 on, which is necessary for breast epithelial tubulogenesis to occur.

280 In mammals, tubulogenesis underscores the development of several sys

281 the role of polycystin-1 in cystogenesis and tubulogenesis using the canine MDCK cell line.

282 family protein as an essential regulator of tubulogenesis using the notochord of the invertebrate ch

283 A classic model of tubulogenesis utilizes Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK)

284 In contrast, GW0742-induced tubulogenesis was associated with enhanced FAO and a mod

285 induction of canonical Wnt signaling during tubulogenesis was confirmed genetically using MM from Ba

286 Some inhibition of tubulogenesis was documented when anti-FGF-2, but not an

287 F family members, because the early stage of tubulogenesis was markedly inhibited by VEGF-Trap and to

288 Adding hepatocyte growth factor to induce tubulogenesis, we observed that EXOC5-OE cell cysts form

289 tterns the follicular epithelium prior to DA tubulogenesis, we show that Mirror has an independent, n

290 To examine if beta-catenin has a role in tubulogenesis, we tested the effect of expressing NH2-te

291 Aberrant branching morphogenesis and tubulogenesis were also observed.

292 Bioassays of human EC tubulogenesis, where both sprouting behavior and lumen f

293 that cadherin-6 functions as an inhibitor of tubulogenesis, whereas E-cadherin is required for lumen

294 ent membrane proteins, selectively regulates tubulogenesis, whereas glomerulogenesis is largely unaff

295 sin contractility with blebbistatin promoted tubulogenesis, whereas inhibition of cytoskeleton polyme

296 stablish the plane of polarization in kidney tubulogenesis, whether PCP effectors directly modulate t

297 gration known as branching morphogenesis, or tubulogenesis, which proceeds in mouse development conco

298 mented with estrogen-induced BM-EPC mediated tubulogenesis, which was an experimental in vivo represe

299 rofile associated with pancreatic epithelial tubulogenesis with that of PDAC samples from 27 patients

300 d tubulogenesis, even under conditions where tubulogenesis would otherwise not occur.