ライフサイエンスコーパス: turn over

1 ing and spatial heterogeneity (e.g. membrane turn-over).

2 d the adhesions tend to elongate rather than turn over.

3 ll as general DNA/RNA and amino acid/protein turn over.

4 s actin (F-actin) polymers that continuously turn over.

5 lecular complexes or organelles continuously turn over.

6 ntify a substrate for DET1-regulated protein turn-over.

7 lance in extracellular matrix production and turn-over.

8 or eukaryotic plasma membrane-based proteome turn-over.

9 hydrolyzed (or dissociates) and the protein turns over.

10 x and must be equally rapidly debranched and turned over.

11 present, suggesting that they may be rapidly turned over.

12 pathway by which TCR-activated NF-kappaB is turned over.

13 palmitoylation at the distal site is rapidly turned over.

14 ing that filaments are rapidly assembled and turned over.

15 r the phosphonate or hydroxyl group were not turned over.

16 was complete before the entire vesicle pool turned over.

17 f the other pair, with excess subunits being turned over.

18 mal function, PSII is damaged and frequently turned over.

19 of the gastrointestinal tract and is rapidly turned over.

20 gumental factors are short-lived and rapidly turned over.

21 ntain their mechanical integrity as they are turning over.

22 decreases in proportion to perimeter without turning over.

23 e catalytic cycle when the enzyme is rapidly turning over.

24 cessible and thus preventing the enzyme from turning over.

25 that flagella are dynamic and are constantly turning over.

26 ve half-lives of a few seconds and therefore turn over 100-1000 times in the course of a typical imme

27 In assays, CAT-ADO turns over 225 times versus three times for the native A

28 ic compared to AChRs at functional synapses, turning over 4-6 times more rapidly than AChRs.

29 centrations, p-nitrophenol (pNP) was rapidly turned over (47 min(-1)) with relatively low K(m) (24 mi

30 t MltB is the only lytic transglycosylase to turn over a synthetic peptidoglycan fragment of two NAG-

31 d determine its substrate specificities: NGT turns over a number of different sugar donor substrates

32 Human bodies collectively turn over about 200 billion to 300 billion cells every d

33 concentration of 10(-10) m, during which SOR turns over about once every 6 s, (ii) the diffusion-cont

34 e short filaments (<60 nm) that continuously turn over actin subunits through a combination of barbed

35 namic structures and that their channels are turned over actively, suggesting that regulated traffick

36 tive aggregates because they remain dynamic, turning over almost as rapidly as untreated polymers.

37 l hours demonstrated that K279A continued to turn over, although 250-fold more slowly than wild type

38 gests that large amounts of cholesterol also turn over among the glial cells and neurons within the c

39 genesis in adulthood replaces fat cells that turn over and can contribute to the development of obesi

40 when the proteins that initiated the process turn over and disappear within days.

41 e differed, indicating a significant species turn over and hence temporal change.

42 These adhesions did not turn over and no longer signal to Rac.

43 t one ATP hydrolysis event but are unable to turn over and reset the motor.

44 -E3 ligase as the first regulator of ATG16L1 turn-over and autophagosome production.

45 that nonlethal attacks caused instantaneous turn-over and mixing of group composition within foragin

46 ct, mainly related to modulation of collagen turn-over and MMP2-9 activity.

47 The nanoparticles are rapidly turned over and display minimal toxicity to cultured neu

48 ulation of residual MeHg that is efficiently turned over and photodemethylated in deep oligotrophic a

49 water-wave equation that start from a graph, turn over, and collapse in a splash singularity (self-in

50 ly 10% of zinc stores are able to be rapidly turned over, and appear to be rapidly depleted by acute

51 otic Bcl-2 proteins, Mcl-1, which is rapidly turned over, and Bcl-X(L), which is relatively stable.

52 e, samples incubated in 17O2 were allowed to turn over approximately five times before freezing.

53 Myo5p turns over approximately 10 times faster in she4Delta ce

54 We also highlight a series of proteins that turn over as rapidly as the well-known D1 subunit of pho

55 her, the data indicate that DNA variants are turning over as long as patients are untreated and that

56 Instead, they must turn over assessment of their members to arm's-length, d

57 Physiologically they are known to turn over asynchronously, but the determinants that trig

58 f-lives and report that INM and ER residents turn over at similar rates, indicating that the INM's un

59 fic modifications have access to and rapidly turn over at sites of DNA damage.

60 for the organs they encase, epithelial cells turn over at some of the fastest rates in the body.

61 lar to memory T cells, self-renew and slowly turn over at steady state.

62 Flagellar axonemes assemble and continuously turn over at the flagellar tip.

63 ther they preferentially associate with, and turn over at, specific regions in chromatin.

64 rt that the NADH-oxidizing N-module of CI is turned over at a higher rate and largely independently o

65 We find that aTreg cells turned over at a slower rate than rTreg cells, but were

66 s the extent to which E-cadherin is actively turned over at junctions begun to be appreciated.

67 Isotopically depleted material turns over at an apparent time scale of 30,000 y, which

68 omatin-bound H3.3 differs between loci: H3.3 turns over at continually active rDNA genes, but becomes

69 es not catalyse strand exchange and does not turn over ATP efficiently.

70 We show that, although Dop does not turn over ATP stoichiometrically with substrate, the act

71 ent recently uncovered in E. coli gyrase and turns over ATP at a much slower rate.

72 Labeled dR from fully turned-over blood cells (monocytes or granulocytes) exhi

73 The enzyme turns over both the cross-linked and noncross-linked cel

74 rt of membrane organelles [1-4] continuously turn over by concurrent growth and shortening at the opp

75 Our results also suggest that ERManI is turned over by an active autophagic process.

76 This indicates that episomal cDNAs are turned over by degradation rather than through death or

77 re networks of actin filaments generated and turned over by filament branching through the Arp2/3 com

78 mal Pex15, exaggerated by overexpression, is turned over by Msp1.

79 pL37, fail to assemble, and preribosomes are turned over by Rat1.

80 Phosphoinositides (PI) are synthesized and turned over by specific kinases, phosphatases, and lipas

81 When the presynaptic glutamate pool was turned over by synaptic activity, inhibiting the presyna

82 because the probe was too deactivated to be turned over by the enzyme.

83 ts an important biomass that is successfully turned over by the heterotrophic marine bacteria.

84 These substrates are efficiently turned over by the human exo-glycosidase O-GlcNAcase (OG

85 s, cleaving only one-sixth of the PG that is turned over by the lytic transglycosylases.

86 ascent polypeptide chains, which are rapidly turned over by the proteasome and can be visualized or c

87 protein is associated with ubiquitin and is turned over by the proteasome.

88 stimulated cells, both subtypes appear to be turned over by the same mechanism.

89 nce that the fluorescent substrate analog is turned over by the toxin in either glucosyltransferase o

90 accumulate in the nucleus, are predominantly turned over by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in late mi

91 A subpopulation of this pool is rapidly turned-over by RanGTP, likely at Nup153.

92 elow 1 year, between 5 and 15 years for slow turning over C, and more than 500 years for passive C.

93 discovered that have acquired the ability to turn over carbapenem antibiotics.

94 T(reg) cells also turned over cell surface L-selectin at a faster rate tha

95 derivative, dR enrichments from DNA of fully turned over cells of rodents with 2H2O enrichments in bo

96 we present a transmembrane nanoactuator that turns over chemical fuel to drive autonomous reciprocati

97 this observation, we show that QdtB can also turn over dTDP-3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-d-galactose

98 UDP-sugars, showing that the HA-UDP linkages turn over during HA biosynthesis.

99 perception that carotenoids are simply being turned over during wheat grain development after their i

100 The results demonstrate that myosin VI turns over dynamically on endocytic structures with a ch

101 % of the photoreceptor outer segment (OS) is turned over each day, requiring large amounts of lipid a

102 Although focal adhesions do not turn over efficiently in the trailing edge of arg-/- cel

103 sulting abasic (AP) site in DNA and does not turn over efficiently.

104 preference in k(cat)/K(m) for 5 but did not turn over either of the two anti diketides.

105 is coupled to activation of a catalyst that turns over encapsulated substrates on the inside of the

106 Furthermore, structural data of the turning-over enzyme were obtained through inter- and int

107 etween co-mimics and indicate colour pattern turn-over events despite strong stabilising selection.

108 Although RPA rapidly turns over Exo1, multiple cycles of nuclease rebinding a

109 ess than three seconds, caused the amount of turn-over expected over three hours (2.0-3.8 hours) of u

110 4+CD25+CD69- cells in the pancreas, actively turning over, expressing the clonotypic receptor, and co

111 Because crypts turn over extremely rapidly (about once per week), somat

112 downstream effector of FAK-Src signaling in turning over FAs.

113 Nucleosomes turn over faster at sites for trithorax-group than polyc

114 that naive T cells either persist longer or turn over faster to maintain T-cell homeostasis.

115 ta, SHP2, AKT1, and ERK1/ERK2 (p44/42 MAPK), turned over faster in BAPN-treated than in control SMCs.

116 retarded appearance of O(2) following single turn-over flashes, especially in the case of the D1-R64E

117 choline-derived DAG pool that is more slowly turned over for TAG biosynthesis.

118 etween the catalytic reverse water gas shift turn over frequency (TOF) and the fraction of Rhiso site

119 tential (U) to determine faradic efficiency, turn over frequency, and Tafel slope for CO and H(2) pro

120 1) /CeO(2) achieve full NO conversion with a turn-over-frequency (TOF) of around 330 h(-1) per Rh ato

121 culture system in which infected T cells are turned over frequently to provide a model system that ex

122 However, peptidyl-tRNA still turned over from nonstop-paused ribosomes at a significa

123 E. coli deleted for the Hsp90(Ec) gene htpG turn over FtsZ more rapidly than wild-type cells.

124 urified mixture of both from rat selectively turned over HOSCN (kcat = 357 +/- 16 min(-1); Km = 31.9

125 f the GES-type beta-lactamase family, GES-1, turns over imipenem poorly, but the GES-5 beta-lactamase

126 es are highly susceptible to proteolysis and turned over immediately after APC/C activation.

127 whereas those within well-defined complexes turn over in a coordinated manner.

128 PCs, unlike other nuclear structures, do not turn over in differentiated cells.

129 xtremely long-lived proteins (ELLPs) did not turn over in postmitotic cells of the rat central nervou

130 ime as the channels that govern excitability turn over in the membrane?

131 The only organelle that does not turn over in these cells is the nucleus, and its mainten

132 rity of the bound guanine nucleotides do not turn over in vivo during one cell cycle period.

133 tory complex I (CI; EC 1.6.5.3) are shown to turn over in vivo, and we propose a role in an ancestral

134 T cells was attributable to their ability to turn over in vivo, probably in response to the presence

135 , the entire cell surface CCR2 population is turned over in <30 minutes.

136 It is known that Tip60 is turned over in cells by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

137 he Nrf2 transcription factor is more rapidly turned over in cells grown under homeostatic conditions

138 in, a negative regulator of GA signaling, is turned over in GA-treated cells in the presence and abse

139 g macrophage phenotype and is differentially turned over in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrop

140 Malonyl-CoA is rapidly turned over in mammalian cells, and the activities of ac

141 transcription factor is still appropriately turned over in stressed cells, albeit with an increased

142 n stability analysis suggested that FlaA was turned over in the flaB mutant.

143 ganization lies at the heart of how OMPs are turned over in the membrane.

144 n mammalian cells, significantly more RNA is turned over in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm.

145 st Saccharomyces cerevisiae, LDs can also be turned over in vacuoles/lysosomes by a process that morp

146 tion, with each catalyst molecule capable of turning over in excess of 40 substrates.

147 asic, with greater than 90% of the viral RNA turning over in the nucleus with a half-life of 20 to 40

148 exhibit appreciable polar solvent tolerance, turning over in the presence of ethyl ether, acetone, an

149 Actin in moving actin cones turns over in about 12 minutes, although prior to onset

150 steady state the heart macrophage population turns over in approximately 1 month.

151 t least some of the proteins and chlorophyll turned over independently from each other.

152 covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) were turned over independently of cell division.

153 nly known mechanism whereby mitochondria are turned over is through macroautophagy.

154 Although alkylated TrxR is unable to turn over its natural substrate Trx, it can reduce low M

155 diates in the catalytic cycle, as the enzyme turns over its natural substrate.

156 ncentrations (0.53 ppmv/0.40 nM) and rapidly turned over (lifetime </= 2.1 y(-1)).

157 actions, a catalytically active compound may turn over many substrate molecules, only very small amou

158 ecular microarchitecture, and decreased bone turn over markers in an ovariectomized rodent model for

159 hotosynthetic oxygen evolution, is a rapidly turned over membrane protein complex.

160 ysis revealed that pre-termination ribosomes turn over more rapidly in DeltaL9 cells, suggesting that

161 In 6-month-old mice, spines turn over more slowly in visual compared to somatosensor

162 e-labeled nutrients into macromolecules that turn over more slowly than metabolites.

163 We also found that released complexes turn over more slowly than promoter-bound complexes, ind

164 ch as the liver and pancreatic islets, which turn over more slowly, use alternative strategies, inclu

165 , we found that dimerization-deficient UBE2S turned over more rapidly in cells and did not promote mi

166 ly arrested B cells appeared less mature and turned over more rapidly than nontransgenic T2 cells, ex

167 kely that the content of the telomere arrays turns over more extensively than has been thought.

168 Surprisingly, oxyferrous cyt P450 turns over more slowly with a rate constant of 0.09 s(-1

169 Nonetheless, neuronal NAA is dynamic and turns over more than once each day by cycling, via extra

170 f the cytochrome b6f complex in mutant cells turned over much more rapidly than in wild-type cells.

171 work continually polymerize and disassemble, turning over multiple times during an endocytic event, s

172 approximately 20 nm it blue-shifts but then turns over near d approximately 12 nm and strongly red-s

173 However, only FDP competently turns over NO to N2O.

174 of stable perijunctional bundles and rapidly turning-over nonjunctional filaments.

175 der fast growth and the high energy costs of turning over nonribosomal proteins under slow growth.

176 ty toward the oxidation of cyclohexane, with turn-over numbers, to the best of our knowledge, higher

177 rexate through decreasing DHFR by increasing turn-over of cyclin D1.

178 for all reactions, as well as synthesis and turn-over of Lux proteins.

179 Due to the high turn-over of poultry, viral amplification was likely to

180 In vitro, ADO turned over only three times, but addition of more ADO t

181 however, has changed the basic paradigms for turning over operating rooms, dramatically reducing nonp

182 ly churn out progeny in tissues that rapidly turn over or are subject to sudden injuries or growth sp

183 for the development and maintenance of high turn-over organs such as the esophagus.

184 Purified ARSK turned over p-nitrocatechol and p-nitrophenyl sulfate.

185 mbrane-bound protein of this organism, Tp47, turns over penicillins.

186 Whether Sac1 can act in trans and turn over PI4P at the Golgi and PM from the ER remains a

187 mune response is mainly comprised of rapidly turning over plasmablasts that, according to BrdU labeli

188 nd B, and associate with axonemal precursors/turn over products.

189 e data demonstrate that - even for a rapidly turned-over protein such as Myc - metabolically stable a

190 Lens proteins, which do not turn over, provide a useful system to examine such proce

191 we identified that Sac3, a phosphatase that turns over PtdIns(3,5)P(2), associates with the PIKfyve-

192 hosphatase, Fig4, in association with Vac14, turns over PtdIns(3,5)P2, but whether such a mechanism o

193 that only certain components of stereocilia turn over quickly, that rapid turnover occurs only in ne

194 tant microsatellites originated recently and turn over quickly.

195 As polyphosphoinositides turn over rapidly and are exceptionally abundant in nerv

196 steady-state ensembles of microtubules that turn over rapidly and slide poleward in some systems.

197 Cells in intestinal epithelia turn over rapidly due to damage from digestion and toxin

198 umstances, the viral population continues to turn over rapidly during therapy, albeit at a much reduc

199 species, we confirm that consensus sites can turn over rapidly even when the local cluster of sites i

200 Charged tRNAs turn over rapidly in cells, and variations in charged tR

201 n hydrolysates is effective, but CK does not turn over rapidly in muscle, contrary to previous report

202 Transitional B cells turn over rapidly in vivo and are sensitive to apoptosis

203 e with the substrate during folding and then turn over rapidly when folding is complete.

204 ple labeled dynein heavy-chain molecules and turn over rapidly within seconds.

205 sclerotic lesions, we found that macrophages turn over rapidly, after 4 weeks.

206 s across the genome, are largely functional, turn over rapidly, and possess a phenotype that is disti

207 The phosphorylated forms of CheB and CheY turn over rapidly, enabling receptor signaling complexes

208 tably palmitoylated proteins from those that turn over rapidly.

209 Neurons can last a lifetime, but proteins turn over rapidly.

210 proximal and rim Hfq sites for stability and turn over rapidly.

211 not controlled; instead, the L transcript is turned over rapidly late in infection.

212 assays demonstrated that the LHY protein is turned over rapidly through the proteasome pathway.

213 loading was irreversible, but CDC-6 and ORC turned over rapidly, consistent with ORC/CDC-6 loading m

214 ivity but loses membrane localization and is turned over rapidly.

215 NA increased steadily after myoblast fusion, turning over rapidly, as revealed after treatment with e

216 However, phosphorylation of this site turns over rapidly and mediates 14-3-3 binding to Rictor

217 Like many synaptic proteins, rapsyn turns over rapidly at synapses.

218 ICP0, a major regulatory protein of HSV-1, turns over rapidly early in infection but becomes stable

219 Eukaryotic chromatin is highly dynamic and turns over rapidly even in the absence of DNA replicatio

220 the lifestyle of HSV-1 requires an ICP0 that turns over rapidly if late proteins are absent.

221 Selenoprotein P turns over rapidly in rat plasma with the consequence th

222 e that binds substrates tightly in vitro but turns over rapidly when used to manipulate genomes in eu

223 We found that plasma S1P turns over rapidly with a half-life of approximately 15

224 polymerase III from an intragenic promoter, turns over rapidly, and shares sequence identity with Al

225 Unlike Bcl2, Mcl1 turns over rapidly, but the physiological significance o

226 AA-NAT protein in the retina turns over rapidly, reflecting a balance of de novo synt

227 sults indicate that the BB population of M1A turns over rapidly, while its head and tail domains inte

228 periments reveal that centrosome-bound SYS-1 turns over rapidly.

229 rneal keratinocytes by maintaining epidermal turn-over rate, and protecting HCKs against stress.

230 e of platinum active sites required for high turn over rates of the oxygen reduction reaction.

231 c activities where the edges of the crystals turn over reactions.

232 r, the mechanisms by which synaptic proteins turn over remain elusive.

233 their expression is controlled by a rapidly turning over repressor.

234 an essential endoribonuclease that not only turns over RNA but also processes certain key RNA precur

235 ic subunits of chlorophyll biosynthesis that turn over significantly more rapidly than the average pr

236 more, alpha-actinin and myosin minifilaments turned over significantly faster than F-actin.

237 3R-HpODE), mutant Y193H is inactivated after turning over significantly fewer substrate molecules tha

238 In vivo, FtsZ is turned over slower in a clpX deletion mutant compared wi

239 s-bridged and membrane-bound actin filaments turn over slowly and persist, whereas poorly cross-linke

240 ctive organs are rich in elastic fibers that turn over slowly in most adult tissues but undergo massi

241 Other tissues turn over slowly, if at all, and vary widely in strategi

242 The compounds studied were turned over slowly or not at all by acetylcholinesterase

243 is largely quiescent, with airway epithelia turning over slowly.

244 plification assay in which gel-bound enzymes turn over small molecule substrate into fluorescent prod

245 r data show that nondenervated granule cells turn over spines spontaneously while keeping their spine

246 seases, spines in surviving cortical regions turn over substantially, potentially forming new synapti

247 upon infection, whereby the HSC compartment turns over substantially faster than at steady-state and

248 The reaction time required to turn over substrates at 1 ng/mL was only approximately 1

249 binding site is important for the enzyme to turn over substrates rapidly at low micromolar metal ion

250 trict substrate specificity and is unable to turn over substrates that are epimeric at the beta-, gam

251 the entire staircase stereocilia bundle was turned over synchronously.

252 dynamic cytoskeletal filaments that rapidly turn over (t(1/2)< approximately 45 s) in fluorescence r

253 veal that 70% of centrosomal Nek2 is rapidly turned over (t(1/2) approximately 3 s).

254 About half of the motors are slowly turned over (T(1/2): approximately 98 s) and they are ke

255 d final borylation of an Ar-Cu(I) species to turn over the catalytic cycle.

256 annotated as AmpD, AmpDh2, and AmpDh3, which turn over the cell wall and cell wall-derived muropeptid

257 ds to the preferential ordering of the first turn over the second turn in each isomer, binding of Fab

258 zyme active site for the substrates that are turned over the best, whereas a canonical hydrogen bond

259 Additional maneuvers included turning over the graft when oriented upside down (flushi

260 ted oxidation as a major catabolic route for turning over the JA-Ile hormone.

261 ulence is not known, but it is known that it turns over the bacterial cell wall.

262 ion-dependent exchange reaction occurs which turns over the bound protein, with a rate of k(exch) = 6

263 itrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) which turns over the natural NO donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (G

264 PG is also constantly synthesized and turned over; the latter process is mediated by PG cleava

265 t, during firing at 1 Hz, different synapses turn over their recycling vesicle pools at different rat

266 etal oxide catalyst and its metal support in turning over this reaction.

267 T-cell populations are thought to completely turn over through proliferation within a 2- to 3-mo peri

268 al BCL2 family members in that it is rapidly turned over through the action of ubiquitin ligases.

269 The proteins of the eye lens, which do not turn over throughout life, undergo many modifications, s

270 Since fat tissue turns over throughout life, preadipocyte characteristics

271 Actin turns over throughout the cone, with that at the leading

272 omote the reductive cleavage of SAM, 6-CP is turned over to 6-deoxyadenosylpterin (6-dAP), presumably

273 llocated to an endosperm that are eventually turned over to an embryo.

274 of HPP but added bulky terminal groups were turned over to give products analogous to those from (R)

275 in PTI signaling and that it is continuously turned over to maintain cellular homeostasis.

276 that lack a second hydroxyl group cannot be turned over to products, although they can bind to the a

277 that tau suppresses peripheral microtubules turning over to restrict insulin oversecretion in basal

278 with pressure up to ~3-5 GPa, above which it turns over to normal (positive) pressure dependence.

279 tional regulation, with DHCR14 being rapidly turned over, triggered by cholesterol and other sterol i

280 experiments suggest that MKP1 is constantly turned-over under non-stress conditions and that MKP1 is

281 ese results indicate that endocytic proteins turn over up to five times during the formation of an en

282 unstable transcripts, including transcripts turned over upon differentiation.

283 n barrier, degrade host immunoglobulins, and turn over variant surface coat glycoproteins of T. bruce

284 th synaptic and extrasynaptic elements, that turns over very slowly.

285 They turn over via the symmetric cycle.

286 d between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and turned over via both the 26S proteasome- and the vacuole

287 ing or whether developmental transcripts are turned over via specific pathways.

288 e, we found that ductal epithelial cells are turned over with a half time of approximately 1month in

289 Endogenously synthesized TC-R turned over with a half-life (T(1/2)) of 8 h following i

290 The dehalogenation reactions could be turned over with catalytic amounts of photosensitizers b

291 Fe protein (alpha-70(Ala)/alpha-195(Gln)) is turned over with hydrazine as substrate, the FeMo-cofact

292 hat diverse aryl and alkyl phosphoesters are turned over with similar catalytic efficiency.

293 deleterious to cells, is extremely unstable, turning over with a half-life of 2 min.

294 , with that at the leading edge of the cones turning over with slightly faster kinetics.

295 sion rates, plasma membrane DAT in MFB axons turns over with a halftime of ~20 d, which explains the

296 utside of a small region at stereocilia tips turns over with a very slow, months-long half-life.

297 termediate generated when the resting enzyme turns over with alkyl peroxides, is rapidly followed by

298 outer halves of the telomeric repeat tracts turn over within a few hundred cell divisions, while the

299 der of 24,000 tons, of which two-thirds were turned over within 1 week.

300 However, EBP50 was highly dynamic, turning over within seconds.