ライフサイエンスコーパス: urban

1 ver study of adult patients visiting a large urban academic hospital system who consented to share ac

2 1 body region) who were receiving care in 6 urban academic level-I trauma centers in France between

3 Urban activities have profound and lasting effects on th

4 large number of complexities that influence urban activities, the simple interaction rules can effec

5 Understanding urban adaptation therefore offers unique opportunities f

6 nd 2018 overall and by county population and urban adjacency.

7 roach can expand the repertoire of crops for urban agriculture.

8 surrounding ports are a major contributor to urban air pollution in coastal and inland riverside citi

9 ensus tracts can quantitatively characterize urban air pollution source patterns and are applicable t

10 n (210)Po levels and exposure parameters for urban air pollution using linear regression models adjus

11 ces in survival rates and body sizes between urban and forest broods.

12 be increased by a factor of at least 2.5 for urban and forest great tits to have similar reproductive

13 food requirements) to great tit nestlings in urban and forest habitats.

14 Houston, Texas is a major U.S. urban and industrial area where poor air quality is unev

15 foraging conditions, storks nesting in both urban and natural wetlands had narrow diet breadths and

16 with human populations, I quantified FID in urban and non-urban populations of finches.

17 es, and 5 other OPAHs were determined at two urban and one regional background sites in central Europ

18 was individuals aged >=15 years living in 14 urban and peri-urban "PopART intervention" communities i

19 ed officials, who represent a broad range of urban and rural communities across the United States.

20 ay but also gut microbiotas differed between urban and rural infants.

21 In this typical, ethnically mixed, urban and rural population from Russia, a higher prevale

22 e prevalence of allergic diseases differs in urban and rural populations.

23 no difference in average consumption between urban and rural residents.

24 nce toward later stages of outbreaks in both urban and rural settings.

25 consumption-based land footprints (CBLF) for urban and rural U.S. residents to evaluate new levers fo

26 , between March and early May 2020, in five (urban and rural) counties in the state of Georgia.

27 In urban and suburban landscapes characterized by extensive

28 In Greater Lima, rural-to-urban and urban-to-urban migrants experienced 10-fold in

29 Our results demonstrate that the rural-urban and urban-urban migrant groups have higher rates o

30 gional variations exist, as do pro-rich, pro-urban, and pro-educated inequalities.

31 idence occurred in Northwest Upolu, but Apia Urban Area (served by treated water supplies) also exhib

32 all and across subgroups stratified by rural-urban area designation in the US.

33 ophosphate esters (OPEs) were measured in an urban area in Izmir, Turkey to explore their phase parti

34 metabolic risk factors in an urbanizing peri-urban area of south India and explored the mediating rol

35 state of individual particles in a populous urban area.

36 fferences in pollutant sequestration between urban areas and between species, shedding light on the i

37 y deposition velocities is less important in urban areas and the Gulf, but it is similar in importanc

38 However, urban areas appeared to provide refuge for some species,

39 Urban areas are dynamic ecological systems defined by in

40 bility has started reducing parking needs in urban areas around the world.

41 Africa compared with sub-Saharan Africa, in urban areas compared with rural areas, in women compared

42 Urban areas exist in a wide variety of population sizes,

43 Animals in urban areas face a multitude of stressors, but how each

44 Ensuring urban areas have access to clean drinking water, safe fo

45 gnancy hypertension among women in rural and urban areas in 2007 to 2018 in order to inform community

46 5, 2008, 226 186 participants living in five urban areas of China were enrolled in the CKB Study.

47 ecies inhabiting dynamic systems can exploit urban areas resulting in increased reproductive performa

48 For methane emission reduction strategies in urban areas to be effective, large emitters must be iden

49 We show that noise levels in urban areas were substantially lower during the shutdown

50 nversion of natural or agricultural areas to urban areas will decrease groundwater quality and increa

51 19% (17-22; 52% for rural areas and 32% for urban areas) subarachnoid haemorrhage, and 24% (22-27) f

52 compared with older women in both rural and urban areas, all age groups experienced similar increase

53 njugate vaccines in Nepal, including outside urban areas, alongside other measures to prevent enteric

54 , market access, percentage working women in urban areas, and norms and institutions have a statistic

55 , increased parental education, migration to urban areas, and reduced fertility.

56 o many transmissions, including contact with urban areas, can suggest settings instrumental in transm

57 ogen oxides resulted in ozone enhancement in urban areas, further increasing the atmospheric oxidizin

58 that have received minimal attention within urban areas.

59 in-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in urban areas.

60 t degree by the trajectory of emissions from urban areas.

61 xplain reduced avian reproductive success in urban areas.

62 ]) to compare yearly rates between rural and urban areas.

63 pollution and meteorological data from fixed urban background monitoring sites and hourly nonfatal MI

64 leaning reduced indoor TRAP to below or near urban background.

65 Here we present a framework for categorizing urban biodiversity from a management perspective.

66 To quantify and manage urban biodiversity, one must understand both how biodive

67 agement strategies may successfully conserve urban biodiversity.

68 ofuel combustion and human metabolism and an urban biospheric component likely originating from urban

69 tation during the nestling rearing period on urban birds' breeding success.

70 global cities is imported from outside their urban boundaries, and this outsourcing of carbon is nota

71 on-based surveillance for enteric fever in 1 urban catchment (Kathmandu) and 1 periurban and rural ca

72 We apply the method to Honolulu's primary urban center based on its high density of vulnerable ass

73 h from COVID-19 among black inpatients at an urban center in Detroit, MI.

74 e estimated multiple exportations from large urban centers that coincided with a 25% increase in aver

75 a general shift of population from rural to urban centers within the island.

76 Indeed, the extra insects fed to urban chicks greatly reduced the significant differences

77 In urban children birth by cesarean section is associated w

78 sk but not with symptoms or lung function in urban children; further studies to evaluate the role of

79 t a high probability of presence within many urban cities across Africa where our estimates suggest t

80 ial guidance to inform the prioritization of urban climate adaptation measures and policy.

81 We simulate the urban climate of various generated cities under the same

82 ollected from individuals attending 10 large urban clinics in Zambia as part of the HPTN 071-2 study

83 we surveyed households in two rural and two urban communities in Guatemala (N = 196 randomly selecte

84 ient recovery systems and business models in urban communities in Kampala under two financing scenari

85 In urban communities, where animal contact is rare, risk fa

86 explains from 40% to 80% of the variance in urban concentration of occupations, industries, scientif

87 iversity can evolve in response to these new urban conditions, making urban species a moving target f

88 on hypothesis we found that nestlings in (a) urban control broods had smaller body size and nestling

89 r body size and survival rates than those in urban control broods; and crucially (d) urban supplement

90 acute mortality when adult salmon migrate to urban creeks to reproduce.

91 Our results show that both urban development and A. leptopus invasion affected comm

92 intensity greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and urban development pathway.

93 5) trends of small-sized cities at the early urban development stage, whereas aggregation metrics det

94 tly affected by species invasion, but not by urban development.

95 rent night-light intensity used as proxy for urban development.

96 What explains the underlying causes of rural-urban differentials in severe acute malnutrition (SAM) a

97 iver to patient consent; a mixture of rural, urban, district, and university hospitals participated.

98 The VRC performs well in an urban, diverse lung cancer screening program.

99 kaged beverage purchases were collected from urban-dwelling households (n = 2,383) participating in t

100 In the future, urban ecology and evolution researchers must consider ho

101 Urban ecosystems are proliferating but, far from being e

102 rsion of natural habitats to agricultural or urban ecosystems-is widely recognized to influence the r

103 rstanding quantitative relationships between urban elements is crucial for a wide range of applicatio

104 bile measurements could be used to constrain urban emissions using an inverse modeling framework and

105 oundary fossil fuel-based CO(2) emissions of urban energy use.

106 e range from 15 nm to 10 mum collected in an urban environment in Austria during the course of a year

107 d influence massive investments in the built urban environment in LMICs over the next few decades.

108 Urban environments are characterized by pronounced spati

109 nator-friendly" plants to grow and help turn urban environments into valuable habitat for such import

110 Together, urban environments may support biodiversity in a variety

111 ynamic resources may translate to success in urban environments, areas characterized by novel food op

112 o understand traits of species that adapt to urban environments, but results have been equivocal.

113 il, water, and waste management in different urban environments.

114 condary organic aerosol (SOA) in source-rich urban environments.

115 cies to support water quality management and urban farming.

116 land, gardens and yards, and green roofs for urban farming.

117 Urban females at the highest wealth quintile were more v

118 as conducted in ten geographical areas (five urban, five rural) in China, and participants had clinic

119 nization and climate change have intensified urban floods.

120 Findings may help secure urban food supply chains and harmonize nutrients, soil,

121 ate the mitigation potential of regionalized urban food systems by examining the greenhouse gas emiss

122 wing elevated genetic divergence in multiple urban-forest comparisons.

123 s is one of the main ecosystem services that urban forests provide to the citizens.

124 ies, this empirical study identifies the key urban form determinants of decadal-long fine particulate

125 Results demonstrate that the urban form evolution has long-term effects on PM(2.5) le

126 evelopmental stage, different aspects of the urban form should be emphasized to achieve long-term cle

127 with garden and allotment areal surveys and urban fruit tree occurrence to provide one of the first

128 rly doubled in the past decade and the rural-urban gap has persisted.

129 dation on sentinel larvae was much higher in urban gardens than in rural settings.

130 ositively related to increased proportion of urban green areas within the habitats.

131 plications for heat mitigation strategies as urban green spaces can reduce [Formula: see text] during

132 r the design, engineering, and management of urban green spaces.

133 Urban growth in low- and middle-income countries has int

134 eological evidence for social, economic, and urban growth in the fourth century and decline centered

135 Considering that the biggest urban growth is projected to occur in these smaller-scal

136 wellers, a subset has successfully colonized urban habitats, where they are often the focus of much p

137 ted during 25 June 2004 to 15 July 2008 in 5 urban (Harbin, Qingdao, Suzhou, Liuzhou, and Haikou) and

138 ciated with heat tolerance plasticity within urban heat islands and displays parallel signatures of s

139 climate warming, including warming driven by urban heat islands.

140 ients at risk for dropping out of care in an urban HIV care clinic using electronic medical records a

141 ts prepared using environmental samples from urban homes.

142 ng on HAIs and environmental bioburdens at 2 urban hospitals.

143 31-0.69), and higher for nine antibiotics in urban households (OR > 1.89-9.6).

144 d to the uniquely spatio-temporally detailed urban incidence dataset for measles in England and Wales

145 four groups (Rural/Individual, Rural/Public, Urban/Individual and Urban/Public).

146 We decomposed the rural-urban inequalities in the associated factors of SAM whil

147 Pro-urban inequalities were mostly affected by neighbourhood

148 Malawi showed statistically significant pro-urban inequality (p < 0.05).

149 to disrupt environmental AMR transmission in urban informal settlements.

150 ences into account, our results suggest that urban insect populations in our study system would need

151 d MRSA colonization upon entrance to a large urban jail to determine if there are MRSA transmission n

152 rveyed 25 521 households in Nepal (16 769 in urban Kathmandu and 8752 in periurban Kavrepalanchok), r

153 Typhoid fever is endemic in the urban Kathmandu Valley of Nepal; however, there have bee

154 The projections reveal that although global urban land continues to expand rapidly before the 2040s,

155 We find the global total amount of urban land could increase by a factor of 1.8-5.9, and th

156 entify a 19% increase in DOC associated with urban land cover.

157 findings stress the importance of governing urban land development as a key measure to mitigate its

158 Urban land expansion is one of the most visible, irrever

159 e present the scenario projections of global urban land expansion under the framework of the shared s

160 empirically-grounded set of global, spatial urban land projections over the 21st century.

161 Aphids were not affected by urban land uses, but A. fabae numbers were positively re

162 study, we evaluated the association between urban landscape, thermal features, and mosquito infestat

163 trate how biophysical and social features of urban landscapes control the pattern and magnitude of ec

164 lows species to persist, and even thrive, in urban landscapes is still nascent.

165 s vehicles (AVs) have the potential to shape urban life and significantly modify travel behaviors.

166 hts for improving the resilience of critical urban lifelines, the theory and methods remain underdeve

167 se for all ARDs, associated with exposure to urban lifestyles and environment in Uganda.

168 The shift towards urban living is changing food demand.

169 arisons of quality measures across rural and urban location have mixed findings.

170 differed most strikingly from the other two urban locations by the exclusive presence of Pseudonocar

171 y 36-58% of the BrC absorption, even in some urban locations that are influenced by biomass burning e

172 ith 2-3 months of cough or who spent time in urban locations were more likely to be linked in the net

173 nd nursing unit characteristics in rural and urban locations.

174 tes on interactions between humans and (peri)urban macaques in Asia.

175 In 2012, an unusual outbreak of urban malaria was reported from Djibouti City in the Hor

176 Inventorying carbon consumed and stored for urban metabolism should be given more credit for the rol

177 study, 637 adults (70% male) from clinics in urban Metro Manila (N = 338) and rural Negros Occidental

178 tivity behaviours to greater adiposity among urban migrants could inform policies for control of the

179 In Greater Lima, rural-to-urban and urban-to-urban migrants experienced 10-fold increases in outdoor

180 Compared with the rural siblings, urban migrants had 18% greater adiposity, 12% (360 calor

181 an Migration Study, we previously found that urban migrants had greater prevalence of obesity and dia

182 uctures has directed increasing attention to urban mining and circular economy.

183 ents and flood events transporting rural and urban non-point-source pollution, micro-estuaries are un

184 food availability is the key factor limiting urban offspring growth and survival, at least in this we

185 Conversely, loads characteristic of pure urban or agricultural effluents (up to 18 mg N L(-1) wee

186 to select shallow lakes directly exposed to urban or agricultural effluents.

187 t poor socioeconomic status and living in an urban or periurban household.

188 tion or income levels, those enrolled in the urban or rural resident health insurance scheme, and for

189 .84-0.89) and from a rural residence (versus urban: OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90-0.95).

190 vestigated in a freshwater food web from the urban Orge River, France.

191 cteristics to provide realistic estimates of urban parks to deliver ecosystem services.

192 If the growth rates of urban particles are similar to those found in cleaner en

193 hen existing understanding suggests that new urban particles should be rapidly scavenged by the high

194 f urbanization, the spatial connectedness of urban patches is positively associated with long-term PM

195 In urban, periurban, and rural communities in and around Ka

196 tly, our estimations illustrate that typical urban POAs and SOAs can contribute up to approximately 3

197 ove health and reduce health inequalities in urban poor populations globally.

198 Expanding delivery of primary healthcare to urban poor populations is a priority in many low- and mi

199 aged >=15 years living in 14 urban and peri-urban "PopART intervention" communities in Zambia and So

200 ected to encounter substantial pressure from urban population decline after the 2050s.

201 in 140 groundwater sources across a range of urban population densities in Kenya, Malawi, Senegal, an

202 Given that almost 90% of urban population growth will occur in regions predicted

203 ital admission for depression in the general urban population in China, which may have important impl

204 rall less competent for DENV and YFV than an urban population of Aedes aegypti.

205 These results show that increases in the urban population size alone do not explain changes in fo

206 Urban populations from highly industrialized countries a

207 pulations, I quantified FID in urban and non-urban populations of finches.

208 cy, especially in newborn babies, women, and urban populations.

209 pollution has also been viewed mostly as an urban problem.

210 deaths related to air pollution, with rural-urban producing the highest risk of mortality from expos

211 In this urban, public hospital population, quantification of ret

212 dividual, Rural/Public, Urban/Individual and Urban/Public).

213 Above the critical density, urban regions preferentially attract young adults (25-40

214 Urban residence [AOR = 2.65;95% CI: 1.16-6.07)]), monthl

215 Urban residents had higher odds of being overweight and/

216 essential to the good health of millions of urban residents.

217 This urban resource cadaster at high resolution can inform a

218 In this study, we developed such an urban resource cadaster through an integration of the ge

219 l environments translated to exploitation of urban resources.

220 of the onset and recession of floodwaters in urban road networks.

221 A network of urban roads resilient to flooding events is essential fo

222 The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study is a large multinational

223 e, housing and locational choices across the urban-rural continuum evaluated for the median-density M

224 Past studies on India show significant urban-rural differences in food consumption.

225 xplores 3 major groups of factors underlying urban-rural disparities in health outcomes, including in

226 The urban-rural divide is increasing in modern societies cal

227 ligns with the observed long-term changes in urban-rural gradient of O(3) and the reversal of O(3) we

228 or household wealth, maternal education, and urban-rural residence.

229 We assessed effect modification by urban/rural community type.

230 es across racial/ethnic groups and along the urban/rural continuum.

231 tential confounders, including demographics, urban/rural residence, systemic health (Charlson Index),

232 ocations, the average microplastic count for urban samples was greater (269 vs 195 kg(-1) dw).

233 Replicate (urban) samples indicate that the Na(2)CO(3) solution is

234 oor particulate matter sample obtained at an urban sampling site in London, United Kingdom.

235 capacity to describe the observed trends of urban scaling and distance decay.

236 the expected self-similarity underlying the urban scaling hypothesis.

237 dopts, improves the network model fit to the urban scaling of early adopters.

238 er-recognized predator that may diminish the urban sector's contributions to monarch habitat restorat

239 (aOR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.03-2.0), residing in an urban setting (aOR 1.8; 1.3-2.5), prior TB (aOR 4.6; 95%

240 ssess the feasibility of this approach in an urban setting in South Asia.

241 V testing was successfully implemented in an urban setting.

242 urrent and potential food production in a UK urban setting.

243 ded to successfully control FRD in a typical urban setting.

244 wAlbB Wolbachia can persist in mosquitoes in urban settings and decrease dengue incidence in humans.

245 nce and prevalence of eczema were greater in urban settings and in North-West England.

246 requirements for meeting this commitment in urban settings of low-income countries.

247 Africa, extending their generalisability to urban settings with high rates of in-migration and mobil

248 paper wasp that is particularly abundant in urban settings, can turn such sites into ecological trap

249 mic status, demographic structure, rural vs. urban settings, time of arrival of the pandemic, number

250 owing public health concern, particularly in urban settings.

251 worldwide dataset at a fine-grained level on urban settlement patterns and ethnolinguistic population

252 ymptomatic, uninfected control women from an urban sexually transmitted disease clinic to determine i

253 ently associated with increased adiposity of urban siblings, accounting for 4% and 6.5% of adiposity

254 to the density and an amplifying effect that urban sites have on each other.

255 ource-specific PM(2.5) concentrations at six urban sites in New York State, a case-crossover design,

256 I intensities based only on the structure of urban sites, as well as their relative distances.

257 At one of the urban sites, the total (gas and particulate) concentrati

258 linear growth stunting who were living in an urban slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and had not benefited f

259 l of TB, calibrated to be consistent with an urban slum population in India.

260 particle formation is a major contributor to urban smog(1,2), but how it occurs in cities is often pu

261 ssions) are emerging as important sources of urban SOA.

262 quality can be influenced by multiple local urban sources and regional biomass burning events.

263 sponse to these new urban conditions, making urban species a moving target for conservation and manag

264 tested aerosol samples collected from Bern (urban station), Basel (suburban station), and Rigi mount

265 to track carbon coming into, being added to urban stocks, and eventually leaving the city.

266 led SOA potential occurs in the morning-time urban street canyon environment, for which our model can

267 ; however, they have largely been ignored in urban studies.

268 e in urban control broods; and crucially (d) urban supplemented broods had similar body size and surv

269 ad similar body size and survival rates; (c) urban supplemented nestlings had larger body size and su

270 s show that average consumption is higher in urban than rural areas for fewer than 10% of all commodi

271 In Greater Lima, rural-to-urban and urban-to-urban migrants experienced 10-fold increases in

272 exhibit a strong phylogenetic signal towards urban tolerance; however, they have largely been ignored

273 data from the town of Mancio Lima, the main urban transmission hotspot of Brazil.

274 gger catastrophic failures in interdependent urban transport network-of-networks (NoNs).

275 a hypothesis-driven resilience framework for urban transport NoNs, which we demonstrate on the London

276 nd particulate matter (PM) can be reduced by urban trees through processes of adsorption and depositi

277 he Salt Lake Valley (SLV) through a range of urban typologies.

278 ed for TB across 4 primary health clinics in urban Uganda (between May 2018 and December 2019).

279 asthma risk factors-among schoolchildren in urban Uganda.

280 nit-percentage of any risk assessment and in urban units a 10% increase in skin assessment on admissi

281 results demonstrate that the rural-urban and urban-urban migrant groups have higher rates of air poll

282 risk of mosquito-borne disease while helping urban utilities maintain adequate water supplies.

283 biospheric component likely originating from urban vegetation, including turf and trees.

284 ifference between microplastic abundances in urban versus rural locations, the average microplastic c

285 viors, medication history, site of care, and urban versus rural residence.

286 aracteristics of iNTS in different settings (urban vs rural, country to country), it was observed tha

287 Integrated real-time control (RTC) of urban wastewater systems, which can automatically adjust

288 from the influent and effluent of a typical urban wastewater treatment plant.

289 The provision of urban water and wastewater services contributes to green

290 tics (including AI) with existing and future urban water infrastructure represents a significant unta

291 peration, maintenance, and rehabilitation of urban water infrastructure to achieve economic and envir

292 na with large GW level declines resulting in urban water scarcity, unsustainable agricultural product

293 hare their successes and failures across the urban water sector.

294 Urban water supply and wastewater utilities can potentia

295 "lighthouse" projects that apply alternative urban water systems at scale.

296 ies have exhibited a shift from conventional urban water systems to alternative solutions that are mo

297 terization, for quantifying microplastics in urban water systems.

298 ve over time into integrated socio-technical urban water systems.

299 (concentrations decrease with streamflow) in urban watersheds.

300 le partner's alcohol misuse among couples in urban Zambia.